PROSE, basic grammar

and translation
BA MALAYALAM
II Semester
Complementary Course - Sanskrit
(2014 Admission)

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION
Calicut University P.O. Malappuram, Kerala-673 635

1002

School of Distance Education

UNIVERSITY OF CALICUT
SCHOOL OF DISTANCE EDUCATION

II Semester

B.A.MALAYALAM
Complementary Course - Sanskrit

2014 Admission

PROSE, BASIC GRAMMAR AND TRANSLATION

Prepared by:

Dr.Indira,
Guest Lecturer Department of Sanskrit,
Sreekrishnapuram VTB College, Palakkad.

Scrutinised By:

Sri.M.K.Narayanan Namboodiri,
Associate Professor, Department of Sanskrit,
Sreekrishnapuram VTB College, Palakkad.

Layout:

Computer Section, SDE

Reserved

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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MODULE I
PROSE LITERATURE DIVISIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS
Essential reading
Balaramayana by P.S. Ananthanarayana Sastri (Balakanda only) published by R.S. Vadhyar &
Sons, Kalpathi, Palakkad.
Additional reading
1. Kuttikalate Ramayanam Mathrubhumi publications
2. Adhytma Ramayana by Thunchath Ezhuthacchan
BALARAMAYANA (BALAKANDA ONLY)

h (Ehb)
Ehx xvx Elx {x {xx
{l xI& {n {{n|{i |li*
lxE ES Vx VVxx
V vp |i i i x**
IeymWm\mw \n[m\w IenaeaY\w ]mh\w ]mh\m\mw
]mtYbw bpaptmx k]Zn ]c]Z{]m]vXtb {]nXky
hn{imam\taIw IhnhchNkmw Poh\w k\m\mw
_oPw [a{Zpaky {]`hXp `hXmw `qXtb cma\ma.
awKffpsSsbmw CcnnShpw IenbpKtZmjsf CmbvasNphm {]m]vXhpw
]mh\mv ]cniphpw {ZpXKXnbn ]ca]Zamb tamw e`npXn\p thn ]pds
apappv ]mtYb (bm{Xbn tbmKy) ambncn-pXpw Htcsbmcp hn{iam\ambncnpXpw t{ijvTmcpw k\fpw Bb IhnhNpIv Poh\hpw [amIp
hrnv hnpamb {iocmatZhs \matYbw `hmmv sFizcyn\mbn `hns.
`mcXob]mccya\pkcnv GsXmcp Imcyw sNptmgpw awKfw A\p-jvTn-pI Fsmcp
]Xnhp-v. Imhyns {]tbmP\ hnebncp-nb Imhy{]ImiImc\mb aS` {]hNn
]camfn
inthXcXtb
F
\ntin\v
kIeZmi\Ni
mpw
kmlnXymkzmZImpw {_m\nIpw {_m\ ktlmZcmpw kackamb
A`n{]mbw XsbmWpXv.
_pnipnpw AawKf\nhrnpw awKfw sNWsav
imkv{Xw \ntinpp.
BbXn\m Cn[ap ]mccys ]cnKWnp t]mcp
]n.Fkv.A\\mcmbWimkv{XnIfpw kzw _mecmambWn awKfw sNbvXncn-pXv
DNnXw Xs. Bio\akv{InbmhkvXp\nttim hm]n XpJw F Ihnsamgnb \pkcnv
Bin-tm, \akvImctam hkvXphns \ntitam ImhyapJamImw. ChnsSbmIs cma\maw
`hmmv sFizcyn\mbn `hns Fp ]dncn-pXn\m BinmWv ImhyapJw.

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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_meImWvUnse IYmkmcw
tImkew F kamb cmPyn a\p-hn\m \nnXamb {]knamb Atbmy
F Hcp ]Wap mbncpp. Ahn-Sps cmPmhmbncp ZicY\v Iukey, ssItIbn, kpan{X
Fo aqp `mcymcpmbncpnpw Ahcnsempw ]p{Xmsc e`nn-. ]p{Xe_v[npthn
]ptcmlnX \mb hknjvTs\smv EjyirwKs\ ap \nn ]p{XImtajvSn \SpIbpw
bIpWvUn \nv Znhy]mbkhpsaSpv Dbph {_mhns ZqX ]mbkw
ZicYs\ Gn-v `mcyamv sImSp-phm \ntinp. ]pshv `mcyamv ]mbkw
\evIpIbpw ZnhyK`w [cnv Iukey ssItIbn kpan{X Fnh bYm{Iaw cma, `cX,
evaWi{XpLv\m Fnhv Pw\evIpIbpw sNbvXp. Ipnmew Ign cmP]p{Xm
kakvXthZfnepw imkv{Xfnepw ]mWvUnXyw t\SpIbpw B cmP]p{Xmsc e`nXn
ZicY hfscb[nIw kpjvS\mIpIbpw sNbvXp. afpsS hnhmls pdnv Nnnp
Ahkcn hnizman{Xaljn Atbmybnte-v sNpIbpw Xm \Sp b ns
cmbn cmas\ hnpXcphm bmNnpIbpw sNbvXp. hfsc {]bmksv cmas\ hnp-sIm-SppIbpw cmas\ A\pKan evaWt\bpw kzoIcnv t]mIp hgnbnshv hnipw Zmlhpw
ASphm _e AXn_e Fo a{ D]tZin-pIbpw sNbvXp. bm{XnSbn
Bmnm Hcp tLmch\w Inv h\s pdnmcmbpIbpw sNbvXp. B kabv
Bbncw B\IfpsS Icpp XmSI F cmkn B h\n XmaknpXmbn tIp.
hnizman{Xs Bb\pkcnv cma XmSIsb h[npIbpw sNbvXp.
AXn\ptijw
bimekwcWn hy{K Bbncn-p cmas\ bw ]nn-v Bdmw Znhkw kp_mlpamcoNm B{Ian pIbpw Ahsc h[nv tbmP\IIse FdnbpIbpw sNbvXp.
A\cw kpjvS\mb hnizman{X anYnebn \Sp bspdnv cmat\mSp
]dbpIbpw Ahn-Sps ssihNm]ns amlmyw shfnsSppIbpw ssihNm]s
`RvPnm anYnem[n]s ]p{Xnbmb ssaYnensb e`np-sa-v AcpfnspIbpw sNbvXp.
koXmkzbwhcn\mbn cma ssihNm]w `RvPnv kzw Ignhp sXfnbnpIbpw sNbvXp.
Cu Ignhns ^eambn e`n koXtbbpw ap ktlmZcm hnhmlw sNbvX Dun-f,
anYnem[n]s ktlmZc\mb Ipi[zPs ]p{Xn-amcmb amWvUhn {ipXIon Fnhcpambn
ktmjw ]nSpIbpw ssihNm]w HSnXdnv ]cipcma hcnIbpw Xs Kpcp-hns hnsmSn-Xn a\w s\mv cma\pambn bpntesSpIbpw cma AXns\ Ifnsb emLhn
FSp-pIbpw
]cipcmas
AlwImcmZnIv
ia\w
DmpIbpw
sNbvXp.
X]psImmn Fm hocyhpw {iocma \inn-pIbpw B in hosSpphm
hopw atl{]Xnte-v t]mbn. asfmhtcmSpw IqsS `mcyamcpsam-v ZicY hfsc
kpJambngnp.

_meImWvUnse IY IhnbpsS hmpIfneqsS \apsm-v ]cnNbsSmw.

Exx ri Vx{n Ei xx xi +v x xM +i*

i v{ Vixp h{ E {Ii nl x Vii* i S
E EE ji i & +x* ixi V& il i{x{ i
xVi* ii& V {v `x @RM {Ei {jl YE E* ix
YEh ii |ni n{{h {j n vx |V{i& {& Vxi x{n! |VEn nxi { Mh, |SU Sx{ &, i i {
{jx <i* x{i& ili ii|iM i {t { n {Vi* {
n{& ijxinv* |] x{ixi&{ | E {v |l |nn* uinvnv
j nn* ii%]v EE ni {x] j |nn* i& {ikj&
{ ii| xSh iVx Mxvx* iiS un x il {x xIj
{\S O SSlx Mi E nIhi Vxi, EE i{G i &
VY, j IhjPx S VYi*
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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tImke\mav\n karnaXn P\]tZ temIhn{ipXm a\p\m kzbw \nanXm Atbm[ym \ma

\Kco BkoXv. Xkymw [a]tcm hnPntX{ntbm ssh{ihtWm]tam temIky ]cncnXm
ZictYm \ma cmPjnchXX. Xky N Iukeym ssItIbo kpan-t{XXn Xnt{km `mcymx A`h.
alm\kvXky cmPtjx kpXmYw X]yam\kym]n kptXm \mPmbX.
XXx k cmPm
]ptcm[km hknjvtT\ EjyirwKw ]pckvIrXy ]p{XmYw bIa Imcbmamk. Xkvan
bIaWn lpXhlmXv {]mZp`qtXm Znhy]mbkkqw ]m{Xw tZm`ymw [mcb
{]mPm]Xyx ]pcptjm cmPm\taha{_hoXv\r]imZqe, {]PmIcanZw tZh\nanXw ]mbkw
KrlmW, {]b Nm\pcq]mt`ym alnjo-`yx, Xmkp Xzw e]vkytk ]p{Xm CXn. \r]Xnx XtYXn
XXv{]XnKrly Xw ]pcpja`nhmZy ]cabm apZm ka]qPbXv.
]ca`mkztcm Znhy]pcpjx
Xss{XhmZt[. {]lrjvtSm \c]Xncx]pcw {]hniy Iukeymssb ]mbkm[w {]Yaw
{]ZZu.
ZznXobmZ[mZ[w kpan{Xmssb ZZu; XtXmhinjvSkym[w ssItIss ZXzm
]p\chinjvSw kpan{Xmssb {]ZZu. Xmx alo]tXcpakv{Xnbx ]mbkw XXv{]miy \mNn-tcssWh tXPkznt\m K`m\[mcb. XX ZzmZti amkn \haymw XnYu ]p\hkp\t{X
]kp {Ktljp tkzmm\w KtXjp Iukeym ZnhyeWkwbpXw cmaaP\bXv,
ssItImw kXy]cm{Itam `ctXm Pt, kpan{Xmbmw hocu evaWi{XpLv\u N PmtX.
tImkew Fp t]cp kamb cmPyn IontI a\phn-\m kzbw
\nns Atbmy Fpt]cmb \Kcw Dmbncp-p.
AhnsS [XXv]c\pw
C{nb\n{Klw sNbvXh\pw Ipt_cXpey\pw temIs kwcnph\pw Bb ZicY Fp
t]cmb cmPjnbpmbncp-p.
Atln\v Iukey, ssItIbn, kpan{X Fo aqp
`mcyamcpw Dmbncp-p.
almmhmb B cmPjnv ]p{X\pthn X]psNbvsXnepw
]p{Xs\mpw P\nn-.
AXp-sIm-v B cmPmhv ]ptcm-lnX\mb hknjvTs\smv
EjyirwKs t\XrXzn ]p{X\pthnbp bIw sNnp. B bn Anbn\npw Dbph Znhyamb ]mbkw \nd ]m{Xw CcpssIIfpwsImsSp
{]Pm]XnbpsS ZqX\mb ]pcpj cmPmhnt\m-Sv C{]Imcw ]dpAtbm cmPt{ijvT, {]PIsf
Dmphm {]m]vXamb tZh\m \nns ]mbkw kzoIcnp-sIm-q, A\p-cq]cmb
`mcyamv CXv \evInbm-epw, Ahcn Atv ]p{Xmsc e`npw Fv. cmPmhv A{]Imcw
Xs Fv ZqXs hmpIsf incm hlnv B ]pcpjs\ A`nhmZyw sNbvXv henb
ktmjtmsS Atls ]qPn-p.
Atbw tXPkznbmb B Znhy]pcpj
AhnsSs A[m\w sNbvXp. kpjvS\mb cmPmhv Ax]pcnte-v {]thinnv
]mbkns ]IpXn BZyta Iukeyv \evIn. cmas ]IpXn-bpsS ]IpXn kpan{Xpw
sImSp-p. _mnbpXns ]IpXn ssItIbn-v \evIpIbpw AhtijnXv Iukeyv sImSppIbpw sNbvXp. cmPmhns Dakv{XoIfmb Ah B Znhy]mbkw Ignv hfsc sshImsX
Xs tXPp K` [cnp. A\cw ]{mas amkn \han XnYn-bn- ]pWXw
\{Xn Ap {Kl Dm\p \nevp-tm Iukey ZnhyeWtmSp IqSnb
cma\p Pw \evIn, ssItIbn-bn kXy]cm{Ia\mb `cX P\np. kpan{Xbn hocmcmb
evaW\pw i{XpLv\\pw P\np.

xvSUn&
Vii-V& +ii* ji-j <i* ixi - ix& i*
i{x{i{x +{* i xVi-i& x +Vi* Vxi-Vx B
+i* Sx{&-S +x{&* ili il <i* ii|iM ii |iM* {t
{ +t* ijxinvij B +xinv* x{ixi&{x{i& +xi&{* uinvnv
uii +vi +v* ii%]v-ii& +] +v* {x]-{x& +]*
{ikj&-{i& =kj&* ii|-ii |* xShx +Sh B* Mxvx
Mx +vx* iiSii& S* Vxi - +Vxi*
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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School of Distance Education

i S V{j& ii RM n S j x{h |i{txi*

{{ijxHx i v Ih V` jPx S i E{vh
|ii* V nlSiM& {j& {|i * & |{ix i nG
|i Sxii nl j xv |{n*
tX N cmP]p{Xmx ssiihaXoXy kmwtKjp thtZjp N kthjp imkvt{Xjp
ss\]pWyw {]Xy]Zy. ]ckv]caXnam{Xa\pcm\mw tXjmw at[y evaWkytPyjvtT
cmta

i{XpLv\ky

`ctX

Im]ykm[mcWo

alm`mssKx ]pss{Xx ]ca{]otXm _`qh.

{]oXnc`hXv.

cmPmZicYXp`n

hnhmlmlw hbx{]m]vXm\mw tXjmw

Zmc{Inbmw {]Xn NnbXn ZictY hnizmant{Xm almap\nctbm[ymw {]t]tZ.

B cmP]p{X\m _meyImew Ignn-v AwKtfmSp IqSnb (in-, Iev]w,
tPymXn-jw, hymIcWw, Ov, \ncp-w) thZfnepw (EtKzZw, bPpthZw, kmathZw,
AYhthZw)Fm imkv{Xfnepw kmaYyw kmZnp. ]ckv]cw XnIpw kvt\lap
AhcpsS CSbn evaW\v tPyjvT\mb cma\nepw i{XpLv\\v `cX\nepw AeuIn
Iamb HcSpw Dmbncp-p. cmPmhmb ZicY almmfmb \mep]p{Xmcm hfsc
kpjvS\mbn-cp-p. hnhmln\v tbmKyamb {]mbap AhcpsS hnhmls pdnv
ZicY NnnpsImn-cnptm almap\nbmb hnizman{X Atbm[ybnte-v hp.

xvSUn&
ii - +ii* {{ijxHx {{ +ij +xHx*
E{vh E +{ +vh* |ii |i& +i* nlSiM& nl& Si& M&* xv - x& +v*
nliil |inM lv {Vi* x{ |iM i {V, { E ]
Vx{n xv i S Y& E {{SUi* +l ]x V jS-Mx!
Mi i, +{j {jVx, inMx x* E i& E Eh <i*
ZicYkvXaXnYnw {]XypZvKay bYmhn[n ka]qPbXv.

ap\nc]n {]XnKrly Xmw

]qPmw ]ptc tImti cmjvt{S P\]tZ _mthjp kplrp N cmx Ipiew

]cy]rXv. AY lrjvSa\m cmPm hnizman{XaphmN`Kh kzmKXw tX, A]p{Xtkyh
]p{XP XthZamKa\w at\y. Iw hm `hXx Imaw IchmWn CXn.
ZicY B AXn-Ynsb kao]n-v hn[n-t]mse ]qPn-p.

ap\nbpw B ]qPsb

tht]mse kzoIcnn-v ]pcnepw tIminepw (JP\mhv) cmjv{Snepw {Kmanepw

_pfnepw kplrpfnepw cmPmhns tas Xncn. A\cw kpjvS\mb
cmPmhv hnizman{Xt\mSp ]dp-Atbm `Khmt\! Atv kzmKXw. ]p{X\nmh\v
]p{Xs\ e`nXpt]mse AbpsS Cu hchns\ Rm IWmpp. AbpsS Fv
B{KlsbmWv Rm \ndthtXv Fv.
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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School of Distance Education

xvSUn&
nliil-nl& iil* x{-x& +{* jS-j =S*
+{j-+{j <* inMx-i <n +Mx*
iV j& |ii-Vx! in{{z |i ` S i* +
nlMi% inEhi* vl xi`i S I PxE ii* x S
iv Gv Vi <i {x ixhC* ix V` {j
ni <i*
almtXPm hnizman{Xx {]Xy`mjX-cmP, khtaXZp]]w almhwi{]kqtX
hknjvTintjy N `hXn.
Alw bZYamKtXmkvan XZmIWyXmw.
kn[yw
\nbaamXnjvTtXm ta kp_m-lpamcoNu cmku hnLv\Icu htXtX. \ N ta
{hXat[y t{Im[mthtim bpPyX CXn imt]\ Xtbm\nhmcWaiIyw. Xtbmhn\mimb
tPyjvTw ]p{Xw cmaw ta ZmXpalkn CXn.
almtXPkznbmb hnizman{X adp]Sn ]dpcmPmth! CsXmw almhwin
P\nh\pw hknjvTs injy\pamb Atv tbmPnXp Xs.
Rm
Fn\mbnmtWm ChntSv hncn-pXv, AXv tImepw. knnp (A`ypZbw) thn
bmKa\pjvTn-p F\n-v kp_mlp amcoN Fo cmkm XSmcmbn
\nesImp-p.
Fs {hXn\nSv t{Im[tam Bthitam ]mSn FXpsIm-v
Ahsc im]w \evIn Cmbva sNphm km[ya. AhcpsS \min\mbn-sm-v aq
]p{X\mb cmas\ F\np \evIWw Fv.

xvSUn&
in{{z- Bii ={{z* nlMi%-nl +Mi& +* inEhi-in
+Ehi* xi`i&-x +i`i&* ixhC-i& xh +C*
ix-i& x* ni-ni +*
nl j i i i x&Y * ii& Y |i{ti>xb& ERM & El Iii* + vx{hn iS
M{i* i|hx v izSi S* iiE{ x xi <i*
ZictYm hnizman{Xky `mjnXw {ipXzm aplqw \nwtm _`qh. XXx kwmw
{]Xn]ssZyha`mjX-Du\tjmUihjx
kpIpamcmwtKm
cmax
IYw
hm
cmssktbmytX.Altah [\pjv]m-Wn`hZobmw {hXNcymw tKm]vXmkvan. bmhXv
{]mWm [cnjyman XmhnimNssctbmty N. XXvIr]bm \ cmaw t\Xpalkn CXn.
ZicY hnizman{Xs kw`mjWw tIn-v Aev]kabw tNX\bh\mbn. ]no-Sv
Ddsmv Nnnv C{]Imcw samgnp-]Xn\mdphbp XnIbm kpc\mb cma
Fs\ cmkmtcmSv bpw sNpw. Rm Xs Bbp[(hnsSpv)saSpv
AbpsS {hX\njvTsb kwcnmw.F{Xtmfw Imew {]mWs\ Rm [cnppthm
A{Xbpw Imew cmkmtcmSv bpw sNmw. AXn\m Zbhp sNbvXv cmas\ Ap
sImp t]mIcpXv Fv.
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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xvSUn&
|i{ti-|i{t B +i* Iii-I& ii* +-+ B*
vx{hn-vx{h& n* i|hx-i |hx* izSi-ii xS&
i* xi-xi +*
{jEi nl Sx x j& E{i -|l E{ E
Ei |iY |i |iY iSU* En |iIE Vi i&? nn
i I i il E* + lMi M* l|iYi S J <i*
]p{XhntjImXcky ZicYky hN\w \niay hnizman{Xx Ip]ntXm _`mtj{]Yaw bw Ia]n Imaw IcnjymaoXn {]Xnmb kw{]Xn {]Xnmw lmXp-ankn.
InanZw kmw{]XanzmIphwti PmXky `hXx?

bZoZw tX aw Xln XYm Ipcp-jz.

Alw bYmKXw Kanjyman. anYym{]XnkvXzw Nncmb kpJo `h CXn.

]p{Xs\ ths]SpXn hnjaap ZicYs hmpI tIn-v hnizman{X
Ip]nX\mbn ]dp-BZyw GXm{Klhpw km[np Xcmsav {]Xn sNbvXnv Ctm
AXp-t]-nphm B{Klnpp-thm. CzmIphns hwin P\n Atv CXp
tbmPnXmtWm?
sNbvXpsImp-I.

CXmtWm Atv tbmPnsXv tXmpXv Fn AXpXs

Rm hXp t]mse s]mbvsmmw.

{]Xn sXn Av

hfscmew kpJambncns Fv.

xvSUn&
E{-E +{* Ei-E <i* iSU-i <SU* En-E
<n* |iIE-|i <IE* nn-n <n* l|iYi-l|iY& i*
E{i EE Eix v x SS* nx{ n * <ili iE
Mx ` Vx-+ n ix x{ {G* l RC
<IEh E Vi vi S z v ii* jh M{i p Ei i
<i*
Ip]ntX IuintI Irv\m hkp[m `tb\ NNme. tZhm\ma]n alZv`bw _`qh.
Cw`qtX hyXnItc `Khm hknjvtTm cmPm\am_`mtj--Alw thZvan almt\m
cmakym\p]aw ]cm{Iaw. hrYm hniwIy CzmIqWmw Ipte PmtXm [amm N `hm
[aw lmXpalXn. hnizmant{XW Kp]vXky cma`{Zky IptXm t`Xhyw CXn.
IuinI (hnizman{X) tIm]ntm `qan apgph `bwsImv hndp.
tZhmpw henb `bapmbn. C{]Imcap amn `Khm\mb hknjvT cmPm-hnt\m-Sv ]dpalmmhmb cmas AXpeyamb ]cm{Ias Rm\dnbp-p. shdpsX
kwibnv CzmIphns Ipen P\n [ammhmb Av [s shSnbm
]mSn-. hnizman{X\m kwcnsSp cma`{Z\v FhnsS\nmWv `bapmIpI Fv.
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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xvSUn&
nx{-nx +{* Vx-Vx +* x{- +x{*
z-x x* ii-i +i*
il ni ` x{i& |] V* Eiix Ih i EE |n
Mxxx* |i`x S EExx p i {{]i* EE P i&
ii nIh in* ii i vxj k i S t xV Mhi
inn* & |] iix & Ek t xV VM* vM|i E{ P
Exx o] E xn nh x <i & EE {|SU*
XYm hZXn hknjvtT \r]Xnx {]lrjvtSm cmaamPp-lm-h.
IrXkzkvXyb\w
kevaWw Xw IuinImb {]Zmb Ka\mbm\p-ta-t\. {]XnjvTamt\ N IuinIm\pbmbn\n cma`t{Z alXo ]pjv]hrjvSncmkoXv. IuintIm cmLhm`ymw klnXx kcbqw
XoXzm ZnWw XocamkkmZ. XtXm cmtaXn a[pcama{y atm _emaXn_emw N
hntZy km\ptPm KrlmtWXn XamZntZi. cmax {]lrjvtSm `mhnXmt\m altjx
kImimt hntZy km\ptPm PKrtl. at[yamKahn{]lXw Ina]n tLmcw Im\\w
ZrjvSzm Inw \znZw ZmcpWw h\w CXn cmax IuinIw ]{].
hknjvT C{]Imcw ]dtm cmPmhv ktmjtmsS cmas\ hnfn-p.
bm{XmawKf t\psImv evaWt\msSmw cmas\ hnizman{X\v \evInbn-v
bm{X\paXn \evIn. hnizman{Xs A\pbmbnbmbn cma`{Zs\ {]XnjvTntm henb
]pjv]hrjvSn Dmbn.
hnizman{X cmaevaWmtcmsSm-v kcbq\Znsb XcWw
sNbvXv ZnWXocs {]m]np. A\cw cmam Fv a[pcambn hnfn-n-v Fn-\npw
_e AXn_e Fo cp hnZyIsf A\pPt\msSmw {KlnpsImpI Fmm]np.
cma hfsc ktmjtmsS ipa\kvI\mb aljnbn-\npw B cp hnZyIsf
A\pPt\msSmw {Klnp. bm{Xmayn hnP\amb Hcp tLmch\w Inv FXmWo
`oIcamb h\w Fv cma hnizman{Xt\mSv tNmZn-p.

xvSUn&
V- +V* Mxxx-Mx +xx* {{]i-{{-]&
+i* in-i +n* i- <i* vxj-v +xj*
i- +i* Mhi-Mh <i* inn-i +nn* vM|ivM +|i* E{-E +{* xn-x <n*
iV jiS-i! i nh x kxi&* { Ej
nEvx i Vx{nuii* xn S I Vxx i]E xM
inn x Exxi xx* {lEx |hh <i%vvVx i* ix xi
n xEh]E Ei <i*
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 9

School of Distance Education

almtXPm hnizman{XkvXaphmNh, {iqbXmaky ZmcpWky h\ky hrmx.

]pcm Inem{X aeZIcqjm`n[m\w kv^oXw P\]ZZzbahXX. kpky `mcym amcoNky
ctkm P\\o XmSIm \mKkl{k_em XZnZw hn\miy Im\\Xmw \n\mb. tkbw
]YnIm\mw {]mWlmcnWo CtXm]y[y[tbmPt\ hkXn. Xmta\mw \nlXy tZianaw
\njvIIw IXpalkn CXn.
almtXPkznbmb hnizman{X AtltmSp ]dp-Ip-t, `oIcamb Cu
h\s Ipdnp IY tImepw. ]mIs ChnsS aeZ Icqj Fo t]tcm-Sp-Iq-Snb
cp karamb {Kmafpmbncp-p. kps `mcybpw cmk\mb amcoNs
Abpw Bbncw B\IfpsS Icpphfpamb XmSI Cu {Kmasf \innv h\amno-p. hgnbm{XmcpsS {]mWs\ FSp-p ChfmIs ChnsS\npw Hc tbmP\
Zqsc hknp-p. C{]Imcap Chsf \innv Cu tZis i{XpfnmsXbmWw
Fv.

xvSUn&
jiS-j& i =S* i-i +* Ej-E +j*
Vx{nuii-Vx{nu +ii* inn-ii <n* - <* <i%vvVx-<i&
+vvVx* ix-i Bx* n-n <* Ei-Ei +*
n vx nlni il |iY i VnEi* i
nx V xi I pi* +J{ixi i & h v*
t vhi {{i S* i]Evx ii xnx i i Vx ij
Ji&* xnkx xjOh vi| P xxMSUxi +{n{i*
xii& EiE& El& hxi i V{j x En{ MJnvi*
altjcmtZiw inckm [mcb ZmicYntZilnXmb XaYw {]Xnmb Xo{hw
Pymi_vZaItcmXv. Xw i_vZaklam\m inemPmew hjo cmko cmaa`y{ZhXv.
A`n-apJam]Xow Xmw cmax itctWmckn hnhym[. km ktZym [cWoXte ]]mX aamc
N. XmSImht[\ tXmjnXky ap\nhckymtZti\ Xu Xmw cP\ow X{X kpJaqjXpx.
ap\nZt\ a{{KmtaW kta[nX{]`mhu cmLhu ap\na\pKu B{ia]Zahm]Xmw.
Almapt\kvXmkvXmx IuXpImhlmx IYmx irWzu Xu cmP]p{Xu \ IZm]n
amKtJZa_pt[y-Xmw.
aljnbpsS Bsb inckm hlnpsIm-v cma tZins \p thn
B \ndthmsav {]Xn sNbvXp-sIm-v `bcamb RmsWmen apgn. B
i_vZs kln hmsX ]mdqs hjnp-sIm-v cmkn cmas\
D]{Zhnms\mcpn. t\p ]mSpp Ahsf cma icwsImv amdnSn
]nfp.
Ah s]v
`qan-bn hogpIbpw acnpIbpw sNbvXp.
XmSIbpsS
h[wsImv kpjvS\mb ap\nt{ijvTs Bb\pkcnv Ah cpt]cpw B cm{Xn
AhnsSs kpJambn Xmaknp. ap\nbm \evIs a{kaqlm IqSpX
in {]m]n cmaevaWm ap\nsb A\pKanp-sIm-v B{ia]Zs {]m]np.
almap\n-bpsS Hmtcmtcm IuXpIw P\nn-p IYI tIp-sIm-v Ah cpt]cpw
Hcnepw bm{Xbnep _pn-ap-ns\ AdntXbn.
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 10

School of Distance Education

xvSUn&
n-& +n* nlni-nl& ni* il-i +l*
VnEi-Vn +Ei*
nx-n +x*
pi-
+pi* +J{ixi-+J +{ixi* h-h =* xnxx +nx*
Ji&-J >i&*
xxMSUxi-x +xMSUxi*
+{n{i-+{n +{i* xii&-x& i& i&* En{-En +{*
MJnvi-MJn +vi*
ii xixp x nI |* P S xxp i r i{x Ih
VMEii* `%x Mi xS S Y{M vPi*
in VSx P S h |i i Vxi ip SI{*
Mxjh Mi {ii inxSh I S jh n p* ixnix
Eh %{ i{xl& xixi|ni& P v |&*
XtXm \nbtX{ntbm ap\nhtcm Zomw {]hnth-i. cmLhu N \n\n{Zu alXym
{ibm Xt]mh\ky ctW PmKcqImhhtXXmw. jjvtTl\n kamKtX km\pNcu
kp_mlpamcoNu bimemap]Kay cp[ncuLahjXmw. XmhtZh cmPohtemNt\m
cmLthm amcotNmckn itcW {]lrXy Xw tbmP\iXw bmhapt{Z Nnt-].
kp_mlpamtbmkvt{XW
KXmkpw
]mXbnXzm
XZ\pNcmWn
cmwkn
N
hmbhymkvt{XW Zqcw hn{Zmhbmamk. tX\mZv`ptX\ IaWm kth]n Xt]mh\m
\nXm{]apZnXm cmLhw _lp[m {]iiwkpx.
A\cw
C{nbsf
\n{Kln
ap\nt{ijvT
{hXntep
ISp.
cmaevaWm DdmsX hfsc {itbmsS Xt]mh\ns cWn
{imepfmbn hnp.
Bdmw \m hp tNtm A\pNcmtcmsSm-v
kp_mlphpw amcoN\pw bimebpsS ASpp sNv tNmcag s]np. Atm
Xs Xmac\mb cma amcoNs amdnSn icw FpIbpw Ahs\ \qdp tbmP\
AIsebp kmKcnte-v FdnbpIbpw sNbvXp. kp_mlphns\ Btbmkv{Xw
sImv {]mWs\ hnSphnnv Ahs A\pNcmcmb cmkmsc hmbhymkv{Xw
sImv Zqtcv HmSn-p. Cu AZv`pXIw sImv Xt]mh\nep Fmhcpw
Atbw ktmjn-n-v cmas\ hfsc {]iwknpIbpw sNbvXp.

xvSUn&
VMEii-VME +ii* `%x-` +x* Y{M-Y
={M* PPi-vP +i* in-ii B* ip-i p*
ixnix-ix +nix* %{- +{*
+l Y {i |zn j -x`! l{iVxE {{x
Y <nx |ii* ij &* i{& l Mxi* iji||
vxix S p] <i* xY P{ |i`x xxMSUi* l{x
|{i nl& EEi nikxi Mi | Mi{xoi Mi ii{ix
{xixxVO* +ix Mix viEi { S |iVO*
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 11

School of Distance Education

AY bt kam]vtX {]klrZtbm hnizmant{Xm cmaam_`mtj-\ct{ijvT,

anYnem]tXP\Iky ]ca]mht\m b CZm\ow {]hXtX.
X{X kth hbw
bmkymax. Xza]ykvam`nx kl anYnemw Kpalkn. X{XXya{]tab{]`mhw imw`hw
[\qcXv\w N {ZjvSpalkn CXn.
apt\cmbm cmLhmh]n {]XnjvTam\w
ap\na\zKXmw. anYn-tem]h\w {]m]vtXm ZmicYnx IuinImXv hnZnXhrmtm
KuXam{iaw
{]hniy
KuXaimt]\mZriyXmw
KXmw
XXv]Xv\oaleymw
im]mt\m\pP{Kml.
AleymklntX\ KuXta\ hn[nhXvIrXmw k]cymw N
{]XnP{Kml.
A\cw bmKw kam]ntm kpjvS\mb hnizman{X cmat\mSp ]dp
\ct{ijvT, anYnebpsS cmPmhmb P\Is ]ca]hn{Xamb bmKw Ctm \Spp.
AhntSv Rsfmhcpw t]mIp-p. \obpw RfpsS IqsS anYnebntep hcWw.
AhnsSbp Ah\obinbp ]cainhs hnpw ImWWw Fv. ap\n-bpsS
Bbm cmaevaWmcpw bm{Xmbn ]pds ap\nsb ]npSp. anYnebpsS
DZym\ntev {]thin ZicY]p{X hnizman{X\n\n-v Fm hmbpadnv
KuXas
B{iantev
{]thinnv
KuXas
im]m
adpt]mb
Atlns `mcybmb Aleysb im]n\npw hnapbmn A\p{Klnp.
AleytbmsSmap KuXas hn[nt]msebp kXvImcsbpw kzoIcnp.

xvSUn&
- +* l{iVxE-l{i& VxE* i{&-i
+{ +&* Mxi-Mxi +* iji||-iji +||* p]p] +* xY-x& +Y* P{-P +{* xxMSUi-x
+xMSUi* Mi{xoi-Mi{x +oi* ii{ix-ii{ix +*
{xixxVO-{xix +xVO*
VxE jx|{i i {i ixxn {Ex |inM vnix*
xk l& E|x V EiE ni{G E Ei EE {|SU*
x{ PxMi { kxi luh* xn S ivx nxEiE*
P\tIm hnizman{Xa\p{]m]vXw {ipXzm ]ptcm-lnXw iXm\w ]pckvIph
klkm {]XypZvKay hn[nhZ`ylnXhm.
\nhrt anYx Ipie{]ivt\ k cmPm
kIpXpIw tZhXpey]cm{Iau Imhnau IpamcmhnXn IuinIw ]{].
ap\nc]n
cmLhm\pKXw hrmw bYmhZzWbmamk. \nthZbmamk N Xtbmalm[\ptjm
Zi\IuXpIw.
P\I hnizman{X hXmbn tInv ]ptcm-lnX\mb iXm\s\ ap\nn
s]p Xs sNv hn[n-t]mse kXvIcnp.
]ckv]cap Ipie{]iv\
Igntm cmPmhv IuXpItmsS tZh\p Xpeyw ]cm{IaimenIfmb Ipamcm
Bscv hnizman{Xt\mSv tNmZn-p. ap\nbpw cmas\pdnp Fm hrmfpw
tht]mse hnp. Ahv B alm[\pns\ ImWm\p tamlhpw Adnbn-p.
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 12

School of Distance Education

xvSUn&
jx|{i-j +x|{i* vnix-vn +ix* EE <* Ei-E <i* x{-x& +{* {- +{* luhln h* ivx&-i& vx&*
VxE x VY{i-<n E vxix ni Y i xEi* +
S{h n nx Mxv I x |xi* +j V |Ei i ii i
ni S |iY Ei* Vx& ijMi &* il{ vx% Oh%{H&
Mx& xi* t vx +{h Ek i i nt <i*
P\tIm ap\n-tahw hyPn]Xv-CZw Ine [\qcXv\w tZhcmXky cmtm
lkvtX \ymkoIrXw.

Aky Nmtcm]Wmb tZhm Zm\hm Khm cmwkn hm \

{]`hn. A{X tbm `pPhocyw {]ImibXn Xkvssa apXm koXm tZtbXn N {]Xnm
abm IrXm.

_lthm cmPm\x koXma{XmKXy hcbmamkpx.

XYm]n [\ptjmky

{KltW]yimx `mimx \nhhrXntc. cmtam bZyky [\pj Btcm]Ww Ipcymln

koXmahiyw Xkvssa ZZymw CXn.
P\I ap\n-tbm-Sv Cs\ Adnbnp-Cu t{ijvTamb hnmIs cmPmhmb
tZhcmXs In kqn-phm \evInbn-cpp. CXn Rm sIphm tZhmtm
Akpcmtm Kchmtm cmkmtm Ignn-.AhnsS Bcv ssIcpp
ImWnppthm

Abm-v

Fs

]p{Xnbmb

koXsb

\evImsav

{]Xnbpw

sNbvXnp-v. [mcmfw cmPmm ChnsS hv koXsb hcnm {iann-cp-p. Fnepw

Cu hnv FSp-phmt]mepw icmsX \ncmicmbn aSn.

cma Cu hns-Sp-v

Rm sIpIbmsWn koXsb Xobmbpw Atln\v sImSpmw Fv.

xvSUn&
x-x B* S{h-S +{h* ni-n <* ijMi-i +j
+Mi* il{-il +{* vx%-vx& +* Oh%{H&-Oh +{ +H&* tn +* Ek-Ei i* i-i +*
jh vxn <i |li VxE vxxx Sxnn* i |x
Vx& xi irx&` i ! vx& { <i j n*
xi& EE Oh {h S i <i nx {i xh I v Mi
i{ in ixv Mx * xPix S i xxx j VxE P S
Vi %{ Vxi |{n* ii& |ii Vx VxE V j |niMx, o] nlx E i |n i|iY i* Q
i%xi i +v |xi, +xxi S ix nl xv {v i
<i* VxEx |i ni i iMx +v |{ Y nl xii xn&*
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 13

School of Distance Education

hnizmant{XW [\pZib cmamb CXn {]mYntXm P\tIm [\pcm\b\mb

kNnhm\mZntZi. alXm {]bmtk\ _lp`nP\kaqsslx kam\oXw X\pt{ijvTw
h, cma, [\px ]iy CXn hnizmant{Xm cmamb Zibmamk.
cmtam hn\oXx
ImapIkymky {KltW ]qctW N bXntjy CXn hZ ]iyXmw \rkl{kmWmw
kaw eoebm at[y KrloXzm bmhXv]qcbmamk XmhtZh Xt[y `w _`qh.
\nLmXkta\ N Xky \nkzt\\ hnizman{Xw P\Iw cmLhu N hPbnXzm khm]n
P\Xm tamlw {]t]tZ.
XXx {]XymizkvtXjp Pt\jp P\tIm cmPm hnizman{Xw
k{]tamZa`mjX`Kh ZrjvShocymb ZicYkq\th cmamb hocyipevImw koXmw
{]Zmb kXy{]Xntm `hnXpa`nejman.
io{Ltah `htXm\paXym hmXmlcm
Atbm[ymw {]bmp, B\bp N almm\w ZicYw k_mhw k]ptcm[kw
kXzctah CXn. P\tI\ t{]jnXm ZqXm alXm hnlnXKa\m Atbm[ymw kw{]m]y
cmt ZicYmb ktmjhmXmw \nthZbmamkpx.
cma\mbnsm-v hnns\ ImWnpsImSpmepw Fv hnizman{X\m {]mn
s P\I hnp sImphcphm a{namtcmSv \ntinp. hfsc {]bmksv
[mcmfw BfpIfm sImphcsXmb B hnns\ Ipo cmam hnns\ Imepw Fv
]dpsImv hnizman{X cmas\ ImWnp-sIm-Sp-p. cma hfsc hn\btmsS Cu
hns-Spm\pw Rm sIm\pw Rm {]bXv\nmw Fp ]dpsImv t\mn
\nevp BbncWn\v a\pjycpsS apnshv Ifnsbt]mse AXns Rm
sIms\tmgmtWm {ianXv AtmXs AXns \Spp hv HSnbpIbpw sNbvXp.
CSn\mZw t]mep AXns i_vZwsImv hnizman{X\pw P\I\pw cmaevaWmcpw
Hgnv Fm BfpIfpw tamls {]m]np. Fmhcpw tamln\npw aSnhtm
cmPmhmb P\I hnizman{Xt\mSv kktmjw ]dp`Khmt\, hocyw {]ISnn
ZicYs ]p{X\mbnsm-v hocyns {]Xn^eambn koXsb \evInbn-v {]Xn
]men-phm\m{Klnp-p. s]p Xs AbpsS A\paXntbmsS hmmlcmsc
(ZqXmsc) Atbmybnte-v Abmepw, almmhmb ZicYs\ ]ptcm-lnXt\mSpw
_ptfmSpw Hw s]v hcpnbmepw Fv. P\I\m Abs ZqXm hfsc
thKw Atbm[ybnte-v sNnv cmPmhmb ZicYs\ ktmjhmsbmw Adnbnp.

xvSUn&
vxn-vx& n* Sxnn-Sx +nn* Vx&-& Vx&*
EE-EE +* i{-i {* in-ii B* %{-
+{* |ni-|n +i* i-i +* Q-Q
B* i%xi-i& +xi* i-i B*
EExO i inxxt nl& S& xj i SiRM
x l |il* Mi nl { VxE& { | |{n* > Ih
|ni |iVY S* +xxi S nix | i EvV {xi, {
Exixu hbiEixvii* ii& i& |k Si i <IEEni
Mx ` Eix Ex& Si& VE& * xn Vi%Mx&
I xjnExxnh \Sx {iix iS iSi& ExE& Si&
Vxxnx& |n |i{n* i S Vxxnx& `xi i& |iVM* & i,
Ih& >, i hb, jPx& iEi Six%x{ v |{ i V*
vzii& E& xi V nl& xv VxE{SU { |il*
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 14

School of Distance Education

IuinIm\p{Klky ^embnXw Xa`ypZba`n\y ZicYx kNnsshx kwa{y

kXzcw kl NXpcwKbm tk\bm anYnemw {]Xt. KamKXw ZicYw k]cybm kw`mhy
P\Ix ]caw {]ljw {]t]tZ. Duanfmw evaWmb {]ZmkymaoXn {]XnPt N.
A\cw N ZqXm kwt{]jy {`mXcw Ipi[zPw kz]pcam\mbbXv, bkym]n
hnhmlmlw I\ymcXv\Zzbw amWvUho{ipXIoXn\mat[bahXX.
XXx khXx
{]hrt hnhmtlmNntX atlmth CzmIpIpessZhXw `Khm hknjvtTm
hwimheow IoXb I\ymx NXp`yx cmPIpamtc`yx hcbmamk. ap\nkwkZn
PzetXmtx kaw kaw at{mZssIcm\m{iqWn kn alo]Xncmt\m {`mXp
XmX{kx I\yImx NXp`yx cmP\t\`yx k{]tamZw {]Xn]mZbmamk. tX N
cmP\\mx hknjvTm\paXym Xmx {]XnPKrlntc. cmax koXmw, evaW Duan-fmw,
`ctXm amWvUhow, i{XpLv\x {ipXIoXnw Nmt\m\pcq]mw h[qw {]m]y kpXcmw
hnccmP. hn[nhnhXnXhnhmsslx Ipamsscx ka\zntXm cmPm ZicYx k_mhw
P\Iam]ry kz]pcow {]Xt.
hnizman{Xs A\p{Klns ^eambno B A`ypZbs A`n\npsImv ZicY a{namtcmsSmv Atem-Nn-v s]spXs NXpcwKtk\tbmsSmw
anYnebntev ]pdsp.
hptN ZicYs\ hn[nbmwhw kXvIcnv P\I
]caamb B\s {]m]np. Duanfsb evaW\v \evImsa-v {]Xn sNpIbpw
sNbvXp. A\cw ZqXmsc Abv ktlmZc\mb Ipi[zPs\ kzw ]pcntev
B\bnp, Atln\pw hnhml{]mbamb amWvUhn, {ipXIon Fp t]cmb cp
I\yIamcpw Dmbncp-p. ]no-Sv FmbnSpw hnhmln\p DNnXamb BtLmj
\Sp hcptm CzmIpIpens ]ptcmlnX\mb `Khm hknjvT hwimhensb
]pIgvnsmv I\yIamsc \mep cmPIpamcmmbnsm-v hcnp. ap\nkZn
Pzenp Ansb kmn \nn a{Pen\p Xpeyw B\o Hgpn cmPmhv
Xtbpw ktlmZctbpw B I\yIamsc \mep cmP]p{Xmmbnsm-v ktmj
tmsS \evIphm Xocp-am-\n-p. B cmP]p{Xm hknjvTs A\paXntbmsS B
I\yIamsc kzoIcnp. cma koXtbbpw, evaW Duanftbbpw, `cX
amWvUhntbbpw, i{XpLv\ {ipXIon-tbbpw Fnhw Ahchv A\p-cq]cmb
h[phns\ e`nv hfsc tim`n-p. hn[n-t]mse hnhmlw Ign IpamcmtcmsSmw ZicY
almcmPmhv _ptfmsSmw P\It\mSv bm{X ]dv kzw ]pcntev t]mbn.

xvSUn&
inxxt-i +n +xxt* |ni-|n <i* {xi{ +xi* {- +{* hbiEixvii-hbiEixv
+ii* Vi%Mx&-Vi& +Mx&* xjnExxnh-xjnE& +xxnh* {iix&{i& +ix&* iS-i& S* iSi&-i& Si&* Six%x{-S +ix& +x{*
vzii&-vi xii&* VxE{SU-VxE +{SU*
M vx h Mxi ViE{ VnMx & {E <
VxvMVM* j&{iEi nx xIj Eiii nxjh nl n
SE{* vh Sxx ni xxMhx VnMx PxM xi%x vx
i G& |Ei <i h h vxix{* P inMi izP
xnv* S i{%Vi E |h i Mxn{ VnMx& {x{ i{
xp{i |*
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 15

School of Distance Education

kzKptcmcoizcky [\q cmtaW `Kv\anXn PmXtImt]m PmaZtym cmax ]mhI Ch

Pzet[yamKamPKma. {Xnk]vXIrtXzm taZn\ow \n{Xnbmw IrXhXkvXky Zi\
amt{XW ZicYky lrZbw NIt. a[pcmWn kmahN\m\n hZtXm ap\o\KWb
PmaZtym cmLha\pKay abm kam\otX-kvan- [\pjn tX hn{Iax {]ImiXmw CXn
`mjamtWm sshjvWhw [\qcXv\a]bmamk. cmLthm eoebm XZvKrloXzm Xkvan
tamLw icw kt[. Nncw kzX]kmPntXjp temtIjp ic{]`mthW kwlrtXjp
`Zt]m PmaZyx ]p\c]n X]tk atl{]hXw {]bbu.
kzw Kpcphmb ]cainhs hnv cma HSnp FXp \nanw tIm]mhnjvS\mb
PaZn]p{X\mb cma (]cipcma) An-sbt]mse Pzenp-sIm-v hgnbm{XnSbn
hp. Ccp]smp {]mhiyw `qansb {Xnbmcnmhfmno Atls
Iam{Xbn ZicYs lrZbw hndp. a[pcambn \ndhm hmpI ]dbp
ap\namsc IWnse-SpmsX ]cipcma cmas\ kao]n-v Fm sImphcsXmb
Cu hnn- \ns Icpv ImWnmepw Fp ]dpsImv sshjvWhamb t{ijvTamb
hnp \evIn. cma Ifnsb emLhtmsS AsX-Sp-v AXn- k^eamb Akv{Xw
sXmSp-p. hfscmeambn kzw X]psIm-v t\SnsbSp temI Akv{Xin
sImp kwlcntm Almcw \jvSsh\mb ]cipcma hopw X]n\mbn
atl{]Xntev t]mbn.

xvSUn&
M-M& <* vx h-vx& h* Mxi-Mx <i* {E <{E& <* VxvMVM-Vx vM +VM* Eiii-Eii& i*
xxMhx-xx +Mhx* PxM-P +xM* xi%x-xi +x*
vxix{-vxix +{* izP-ix +P* i{Vi-i{
+Vi* {x{-{x& +{*
Mi VnMx |ni nl& xRPiv xpnx Vx xn
|{* i S ix Vx& EinEh& { Ci {i h& i i
|ii{n&* V& +{ MhM& x& |i{t xi V&* %{ i
Mh{z i x, {i&, i V* iS io | VY, l n
nx HSJ* iS ofxH i{x +xxn { vMSUx*
KtX PmaZty {]apZntXm ZicYx klm\pbmbn`newLnXm[zm kptc{kZ\anh
hncmPam\w kzancw kw{]m]. tX N almmt\m cmPkq\hx IrXZmcIamWx ]cabm
`ym ]nXcw ip{iqjamWmx Xky alXo {]oXnapXv]mZbmamkpx. cmPalnjyx khm
A]n KpWKcobkox kv\pjmx {]Xn]Zy \nXcmw Plrjpx. cmtam]n Xbm
khKpWkbm koXbm ktabnhm, {intbh {io]Xnx kpXcmw hntc-tP. Xtbm
XmZriw t{]a kwPt, bYm lrZbw lrZtb\ hyamNtJy.
{`mXc cmta
ZrVm\pcm amXr`ncp]emeyam\m B\ky ]cmw koama[yK.
Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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School of Distance Education

]cipcma t]mbtm kpjvS\mb ZicY Xs A\pbmbnItfmsSmw

am Xmn tZth{s sImmcw IWs tim`n-p kzw sImmcnse-n.
hnhmlIsfmw \ndthdnb B almmfmb cmPIpamcm hfsc `ntbmsS
]nXmhns Imcyfn {imepfmbnv Atln\v henb ktmjs
DfhmpIbpw sNbvXp. cmPmhns Fm `mcyamcpw t{ijvTKpWhXnIfmb acpasf
e`nXn AXy[nIw ktmjn-p. cma\pw Fm KpWKWtfmSpw IqSnb koXtbmSv
tNv evantbm-sSmap hnjvWphns\tmse AXy[nIw tim`n-p. F{]ImcamtWm
lrZbw lrZbtmSv HmIpXv A{]Imcw Ahv ]ckv]cw kvt\lapmbncp-p.
ktlmZcmcmIs cma\n Dd kvt\laphcpw Aamcm emfnshcpambnv
B\ns ]caamb koasb {]m]np.

xvSUn&
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\nXmJnetemImb cma`{Zmb awKfw.
Fmbvtmgpw ktlmZmtcmSpw koXtbmSpw IqSnbh\pw ]nXr`\pw temIs
apgph B\nn-ph\pw Bb cma`{Z\mbnsm-v awKfw.

Ehb& {i&**
_meImWvUx kam]vXx

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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MODULE II
BASIC GRAMMAR
1. Declensions of Vrksa, Lata, Vanam, Pitr and Kavi.
2. Conjugations of Bhu Dhatu in Lat, Lang, Lrt, Lit and Lot.
Essential Reading:Sidharupa
Additional reading
1. Sabdamanjari.
2. Dhatumanjari.
3. Balabodhanam by Rajarshi Ramavarma Thampuran, published by Govt. Sanskrit College,
Thrippunithura.

4. Laghusamskrtam by Dr. K. G. Poulose, Current Books, Kottayam.

BASIC GRAMMAR
DECLENSIONS OF
VRKSHA, LATA, VANAM, PITR AND KAVI

+Exi& {RM& In&

(AImcmw ]pnwKw hri_vZw)

H&

BESx

uSx

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|l

I&

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{]Yam

hrx

hru

hrmx

vx|l

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kwt_m[\ {]Yam

tl hr

tl hru

tl hrmx

ui

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ZznXobm

hrw

hru

hrm

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hrm`ymw

hrssx

Sil

I&

NXpcvo

hrmb

hrm`ymw

hrt`yx

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hrm`ymw

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Ih

jjvTo

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hrtbmx

hrmWmw

{i

I&

k]vXao

hrt

hrtbmx

hrtjp

hn`n

GIhN\w

ZznhN\w

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

_lphN\w

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School of Distance Education

+Exi& jRM& in&

(BImcmw kv{XoenwKw eXmi_vZw)

H&

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kwt_m[\ {]Yam tl h\

tl ht\

tl h\m\n

ui

xx

ZznXobm

h\w

ht\

h\m\n

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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School of Distance Education

ii

xx

x&

Sil

x&

NXpcvo

h\mb

h\m`ymw

ht\`yx

{\S

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x&

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(EImcmw ]pnwKw ]nXri_vZw)

H&

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ZznhN\w

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k]vXao

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]nXcn

]nXr`ymw

]nXr`ymw

]nt{Xmx

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

]nXr`nx

]nXr`yx

]nXrjp
Page 20

School of Distance Education

<Exi& {RM& En&

(CImcmw ]pnwKw Ihni_vZw)

H&

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tl Iho

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Ihnjp

hn`n
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NXpcvo

GIhN\w
Ihnx

Ihtb

ZznhN\w
Iho

Ihn`ymw

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

_lphN\w
Ihbx

Ihn`yx

Page 21

School of Distance Education

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 22

School of Distance Education

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 23

School of Distance Education

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

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School of Distance Education

CONJUGATIONS OF BHU DHATU IN

LAT, LANG, LRT, LIT AND LOT

vi& ] E&
(`q[mXp eSv eImcw)

{&

BESx

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aya]pcpjx

A`hx

A`hXw

A`hX

=k{&

Da]pcpjx

A`hw

A`hmh

A`hma

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 25

School of Distance Education

vi& ] E&
(`q[mXp erSv eImcw)

{&

BESx

uSx

Sx

]pcpjx

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vi& ] E&
(`q[mXp temSv eImcw)

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BESx

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GIhN\w

ZznhN\w

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aya]pcpjx

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`hXw

`hX

=k{&

Da]pcpjx

`hm\n

`hmh

`hma

Complementary course Sanskrit Prose, Basic Grammar and Translation

Page 26