European Telecommunications Standards Institute 2G Cellular Networks Mobile Phones

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GSM (Global System for Mobile Communications, originally Groupe Spcial Mobile), is a

standard developed by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) to describe the
protocols for second-generation (2G) digital cellular networks used bymobile phones, first deployed
in Finland in July 1991.[2] As of 2014 it has become the default global standard for mobile
communications - with over 90% market share, operating in over 219 countries and territories. [3]
2G networks developed as a replacement for first generation (1G) analog cellular networks, and the
GSM standard originally described a digital, circuit-switched network optimized for full
duplex voice telephony. This expanded over time to include data communications, first by circuitswitched transport, then by packet data transport via GPRS (General Packet Radio Services)
and EDGE (Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution or EGPRS).
Subsequently, the 3GPP developed third-generation (3G) UMTS standards followed by fourthgeneration (4G) LTE Advanced standards, which do not form part of the ETSI GSM standard.
"GSM" is a trademark owned by the GSM Association. It may also refer to the (initially) most
common voice codec used, Full Rate.

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