HW 1 Solution
HW 1 Solution
HW 1 Solution
Problem 6.2
1.1
1.1.1
Solution
Part (a)
Z
(x)(x)dx
1=
L
4
1=
L
4
Z
0dx +
A2 cos2
L
4
1 = A2
L
4
cos2
L
4
1 = A2
A2 =
1.2
2x
L
2x
L
L
)=
8
L
8
dx
L
4
4
L
(x) (x)dx
0
L
8
2x
4
cos2
dx
L
L
0
L
4 (2 + )L
P (0, ) =
8
L
16
P (0,
L
)=
8
P (0,
L
2+
)=
0.41
8
4
0dx+
L
4
Part (b)
P (0,
dx +
Problem 6.5
(x) = Axe L2
Find and sketch V(x).
2.1
Solution
e L
dx2
L2
L2
L2
3
x2
d2 (x)
4x
6x
=
A
e L2
2
4
2
dx
L
L
Now we can plug this and the original wavefunction back into Equation 1.
3
x2
x2
~2
4x
6x
A
e L2 = V (x)Axe L2
4
2
2m
L
L
Now we can cancel a bunch of terms out to get
~2 4x2
6
V (x) =
2m L4
L2
This is an oscillators potential.
Problem 6.6
3.1
Solution
(2)
d(x)
= Ak sin(kx) + Bk cos(kx)
dx
d2 (x)
= k 2 (A cos(kx) + B sin(kx))
dx2
Plug this back into Equation 2
~2 k 2
[A cos(kx) + B sin(kx)] = E [A cos(kx) + B sin(kx)]
2m
So this is a solution to the Schrodinger Equation provided we have
~2 k 2
p2
=
2m
2m
Which is exactly what we would expect for a free particle.
E=
Problem 6.11
L
L
A particle is confined to a box from
x
2
2
What are the wavefunctions and probability densities for the n = 1, 2, and
3 states? Sketch them.
4.1
Solution
(2n + 1)
L
x
L
(2n + 1)
2/L
So
n (x) =
2/L cos
x
L
(2n + 1)
x
2
cos2
(2n + 1)
L
L
Problem 6.24
(x) = Cxex
5.1
5.1.1
Solution
Part (a)
km
4~2
Remember that
r
=
5
k
m
(3)
~2
(6) = E
2m
This simplifies to
3~2
m
E=
Plugging in alpha gives
3
~
2
Notice that this is the energy of a quantum harmonic oscillator in the n=1
state!
E=
5.1.2
Part (b)
C 2 x2 e2x dx
1=
r
1 3/2
1=C
4 2
r
r
2 m 3/2
2 3/2
2 m 3/2
C2 = 4
=
=4
2~
~
Problem 6.29
6.1
6.1.1
Solution
Part (a)
(x)(x)dx
1=
Z
1=
C 2 e2x 1 ex
2
1 = C2
1
12
C 2 = 12
6.2
Part (b)
We find the most probable value by finding where the derivative of the probability is 0:
2
d
12 e2x 1 ex
dx
We can throw away the normalization constant, but must make sure to use
the chain rule
0=
6.3
Part (c)
hAi =
(x)A(x)dx
hxi = 12
xe2x 1 ex
2
dx
Problem 6.35
d
dx
7.1
Solution
7.2
Part (a)
d
(A sin(kx)) = i~Ak cos kx 6= c(A sin(kx))
dx
So it is NOT an eigenfunction.
i~
7.3
i~
d
(A sin(kx)A cos(kx)) = i~k(A sin(kx)+A cos(kx)) 6= c(A sin(kx)A cos(kx))
dx
So it is NOT an eigenfunction.
7.4
i~
Part (b)
Part (c)
d
(A cos(kx)+iA sin(kx)) = i~(Ak sin(kx)+ikA cos(kx)) = ~k(A cos(kx)+iA sin(kx))
dx
So this IS an eigenvector with eigenvalue
c = ~k = p
7.5
Part (d)
d ik(xa)
Ae
= i~(ik)Aeik(xa) = ~k Aeik(xa)
dx
So this IS an eigenvector with eigenvalue
i~
c = ~k = p
Additional Problem
8.1
Solution
With
=
8.1.1
m
2~
Part (a)
Z
(x)
x(x)dx
hxi =
Z
2 m 3/2 3 2x2
x e
dx
hxi =
~
hxi = 0
2
Since x3 is odd (antisymmetric) and e2x is even (symmetric), their product is odd. Integrating an odd function over an eve interval will give zero
9
8.1.2
Part (b)
Z
(x)
x2 (x)dx
hx i =
Z
2 m 3/2 4 2x2
2
x e
dx
hx i =
~
r
2 m 3/2 3 5/2
2
hx i =
~
16 2
hx2 i =
8.1.3
3 ~
2 m
Part (c)
x =
hx2 i hxi2 =
r
x =
8.1.4
p
hx2 i
3 ~
2 m
Part(d)
Z
(x)
p(x)dx
hpi =
Z
2
2 m 3/2 x2
d
hpi =
xex dx
xe
i~
~
dx
Z
3/2
2
2
2 m
hpi =
xex (i~) 1 2x2 ex dx
~
These will both lead to odd functions being integrated over an even interval,
so we know it will go to zero.
hpi = 0
8.1.5
Part (e)
hp2 i =
(x)
p2 (x)dx
2
Z
2
2 m 3/2 x2
d
hp i =
xe
i~
xex dx
~
dx
10
Z
Z
2~2 m 3/2
2
4 2x2
2 2x2
x e
dx + (6)
x e
dx
4
hp i =
~
r
r
2~2 m 3/2
3 5/2
1 3/2
2
hp i =
4
~
16 2
4 2
r
3
6
2~2 m 3/2 1/2
hp2 i =
~
2
4
4
hp2 i =
8.1.6
3
m~
2
Part (f )
p =
p
p
hp2 i hpi2 = hp2 i
r
p =
8.1.7
3
m~
2
Part (g)
r
xp =
3 ~
2 m
xp =
3
m~
2
3
~
2
~
This obeys the Heisenberg uncertainty principle, which says that xp .
2
If you repeat this for an n = 0 quantum harmonic ocillator, you will actually
~
get the minimum value of xp =
2
11