Ratios and Proportions

Ratios and Proportions
Outline:
Ratios!
What is a Ratio?
How to Use Ratios?
How to Simplify?
Proportions!
What is a proportion?
Properties of proportions?
How to use proportions?
Mysterious Problems
What is a Ratio?
A ratio is a comparison of two numbers.
Ratios can be written in three different ways:
a to b
a:b
a
b
Because a ratio is a fraction, b can not be zero
Ratios are expressed in simplest form
How to Use Ratios?

The ratio of boys and girls in the class is
12 to11.
This means, for every 12 boys
you can find 11 girls to match.
Howcould
manybe
dogs
cats do
There
justand
12 boys,
11I
have? We dont know, all we
girls.
knowcould
is if theyd
fight,
There
be 24 start
boys,a22
each dog
has to fight 2 cats.
girls.
4cm
There could be 120 boys, 110
1cm
girlsa huge class
The ratio of length and width of this rectangle

is 4 to 1.
What is the ratio if the
rectangle is 8cm long and
2cm wide?
Still 4 to 1, because for every
4cm, you can find 1cm to
match
. The ratio of cats and dogs at my home is 2 to 1
How to simplify ratios?

The ratios we saw on last
slide were all simplified.
How was it done?
Ratios can be expressed
a
in fraction form
a
b
This allows us to do math

on them.
The ratio of boys and girls in the

class is 12
11
The ratio of the rectangle is
4
1
The ratio of cats and dogs in my

house is 2

Now I tell you I have 12 cats and 6 dogs. Can you
simplify the ratio of cats and dogs to 2 to 1?
12
6
2
12
/
6
=
=
1
6/6
Divide both numerator and
denominator by their
Greatest Common Factor 6.

A persons arm is 80cm, he is 2m tall.
Find the ratio of the length of his arm to his total height
To compare them, we need to convert both
numbers into the same unit either cm or m.
Lets try cm first!
arm
height
80cm
2m
80cm
200 cm
80
200
2
5
Once we have the

same units, we can
simplify them.
Lets try m now!
arm
height
80cm
we have the
0.8m Once
same units, they
simplify to 1.
2m
2m
8
20
To make both numbers

integers, we multiplied both
numerator and denominator by
10
2
5

If the numerator and denominator do not
have the same units it may be easier to
convert to the smaller unit so we dont
have to work with decimals
3cm/12m = 3cm/1200cm = 1/400
2kg/15g = 2000g/15g = 400/3
5ft/70in = (5*12)in / 70 in = 60in/70in = 6/7
2g/8g = 1/4
Of course, if they are already in the same units, we

dont have to worry about converting. Good deal
More examples
8
24
40
200
27
9
1
3
12
50
1
5
27
=
18
3
1
6
25
3
2
Now, on to proportions!
What is a proportion?
a c
b d
A proportion is an equation
that equates two ratios
The ratio of dogs and cats was 3/2

The ratio of dogs and cats now is 6/4=3/2
So we have a proportion :
3 6
2 4
Properties of a proportion?
3 6
2 4
2x6=12
Cross Product Property
3x4 = 12
3x4 = 2x6
a c
b d
ad = bc
means
extremes
Lets make sense of the Cross Product Property
For any numbers a, b, c, d:
a c
b d
a
d c
b
a
c
d d
b
d
a
d b bc
b
ad bc
Reciprocal Property
If
Then
3 6
2 4
2 4
3 6
Can you see it?

If yes, can you think
of why it works?
How about an example?

7 x
2 6
7(6) = 2x
42 = 2x
21 = x
Solve for x:
How about another example?

7 12
2 x
Solve for x:
7x = 2(12)
7x = 24
x = 24
7
Can you solve it

using Reciprocal
Property? If yes,
would it be easier?
Can you solve this one?

7
3
x 1 x
7x = (x-1)3
Solve for x:
7x = 3x 3
4x = -3
3
x= 4
Again, Reciprocal
Property?
Now you know enough about properties,

lets solve the Mysterious problems!
If your car gets 30 miles/gallon, how many gallons
of gas do you need to commute to school
everyday?
5 miles to home
5 miles to school
Let x be the number gallons we need for a day:
30miles (5 5)miles
1gal
x _ gal
x=
1
3 Gal
30 10
1
x
Can you solve it

from here?
5 miles to home
5 miles to school
So you use up 1/3 gallon a day. How many gallons would

you use for a week?
Let t be the number of gallons we need for a week:
1 / 3 gal t _ gal
1day
5days
What property
is this?
1 t
3 5
1(5) 3t
1/ 3 t
1 5
5
t Gal
3
So you use up 5/3 gallons a week (which is about 1.67

gallons). Consider if the price of gas is 3.69 dollars/gal,
how much would it cost for a week?
Let s be the sum of cost for a week:
3.69
s
1
1.67
3.69 dollars s _ dollars
1gallon
1.67 gallons
3.69(1.67) = 1s
s = 6.16 dollars
5 miles to home
5 miles to school
So what do you think?

5 miles
10 miles
You pay about 6 bucks a week just to get to school!

What about weekends?
If you travel twice as much on weekends, say drive
10 miles to the Mall and 10 miles back, how many
gallons do you need now? How much would it cost
totally? How much would it cost for a month?
Think proportionally! . . . Its all about proportions!

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Ratios and Proportions

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Ratios and Proportions

Because a ratio is a fraction, b can not be zero

Ratios are expressed in simplest form

How to Use Ratios?

The ratio of length and width of this rectangle

. The ratio of cats and dogs at my home is 2 to 1

How to simplify ratios?

This allows us to do math

The ratio of boys and girls in the

The ratio of cats and dogs in my

How to simplify ratios?

How to simplify ratios?

Lets try cm first!

Once we have the

How to simplify ratios?

Lets try m now!

To make both numbers

How to simplify ratios?

Of course, if they are already in the same units, we

The ratio of dogs and cats was 3/2

Cross Product Property

Cross Product Property

Can you see it?

How about an example?

Cross Product Property

How about another example?

Cross Product Property

Can you solve it

Can you solve this one?

Cross Product Property

Now you know enough about properties,

Can you solve it

So you use up 1/3 gallon a day. How many gallons would

So you use up 5/3 gallons a week (which is about 1.67

3.69 dollars s _ dollars

So what do you think?

You pay about 6 bucks a week just to get to school!

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