Service Training

Self-study Programme 372

The Shiftmatic Gearbox 0B81
Design and Function
Commercial
Vehicles
2
NEW Important
Note
In addition to the two variants of the mechanical manual gearbox, the Crafter is also available with an automated
manual gearbox the Shiftmatic gearbox.
This gearbox is basically the same as a manual gearbox on the inside. However, additional hydraulic components
combined with control technology allow gear changes to be automated.
You can use both an automatic shift program and a manual shift program.
The Shiftmatic gearbox is a both practical and low-cost alternative to an automatic gearbox.
S372_045
The self-study programme shows the design and
function of new developments.
The contents will not be updated.
For current testing, adjustment and repair
instructions, refer to the relevant
service literature.
3
Contents
In Brief . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Gearbox Mechanics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Hydraulics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Electronics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Test Yourself . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
4
In Brief
Introduction
The Shiftmatic gearbox with the code 0B81 belongs to the group of fully-automatic gearboxes. This gearbox is
based on the manual gearbox 0B7 - 330 Nm that is also used in the Crafter.
Gear changes in the Shiftmatic gearbox are either completely automatic or carried out as selected by the driver.
Even though the Shiftmatic gearbox has a clutch for power transmission, there is no clutch pedal like with automatic
gearboxes. The clutch is operated by a hydraulic system.
The advantages of this gearbox are:
Cheaper price and lower fuel consumption than an automatic gearbox
Lower exhaust emissions than an automatic gearbox
Lower weight compared with an automatic gearbox
Less work for driver thanks to simple operation
Short traction interruptions
Low-wear, smooth and comfortable gearshifts
Hill start assist as standard
S372_039
S372_040
5
Technical data
Developer/manufacturer DaimlerChrysler AG
Name Shiftmatic 0B81
Gearbox type Automated 6-speed manual
Mounting Front/longitudinal mounting
Gearbox control Electro-hydraulic system, consisting of sensors/actuators and
gearbox control unit
Number of shafts 3 shafts
Drive shaft, layshaft, output shaft
Torque transfer Max. 330Nm
Clutch Single-plate, self-adjusting dry clutch
SAC Self Adjusting Clutch
Clutch operation Electro-hydraulic
Gearbox oil specification G 009 317 A2
Gearbox oil capacity 1.5 l
Change interval 320 000 km/10 years
Hydraulic oil specification G 004 000 M2
PENTOSIN CHF 202
Hydraulic oil capacity 0.5 l lifetime filling
Length
(distance from clutch bell housing output flange)
572.8 mm
Weight 52.5 kg
6
In Brief
Ratios
2.5l TDI engine
Engine code BJK 80 kW
and
engine code BJL 100 kW
Ratio: i Gear pair Gear jumps
Constant mesh
i
k
= 1,56
39
25
1st gear i
1
= 5,014
39 x 45
25 x 14
2nd gear i
2
= 2,831
39 x 49
25 x 27
i
1
= 1,771
i
2
3rd gear i
3
= 1,789
39 x 39
25 x 34
i
2
= 1,582
i
3
4th gear i
4
= 1,256
39 x 33
25 x 41
i
3
= 1,425
i
4
5th gear i
5
= 1,0
i
4
= 1,256
i
5
6th gear i
6
= 0,797
39 x 24
25 x 47
i
5
= 1,255
i
6
Reverse i
R
= 4,569
39 x 23 x 41
25 x 23 x 14
Spread i
1
= 6,291
i
6

The gear jump is the transmission ratio of two neighbouring gears.

This ratio is given as a decimal valve or as a percentage.
Example of decimal value: Example of percentage:
i
1
i
2
---- 1 771 , =
i
1
i
2
---- 1



77 1 , =
.
100 % %
7
Furthermore the Shiftmatic gearbox has a spread
of 6.291, which is particularly useful when the Crafter
is used as a transport vehicle. This adjustment allows
a high starting ratio (i
1
) with good acceleration and a
low minimum ratio (i
6
) for low engine speeds at high
speeds. This also reduces the fuel consumption.
Progressive gear-ratio steps were chosen for the
Shiftmatic gearbox. The gear jumps become smaller
as the gear number gets higher with this type of
gearing. As a result, the gear ratios between the
higher gears are closer compared with the lower
gears. The Shiftmatic gearbox has therefore been
specially configured for driving in higher gears.
Gearbox code
The gearbox code and the design data are located on
the left-hand side of the front gearbox casing.
S372_071
Explanation:
HRF 24 3 0006
Code Day Month Year -2006-
Date of manufacture
8
In Brief
S372_061
S372_062
S372_063
Function areas
Sensors
Actuators
Gearbox control unit
Hydraulics
Mechanics
consisting of
Hydraulic pump
Accumulator
Slave cylinder with clutch release bearing
Shift actuator
Solenoid valves
consisting of
consisting of Housing
Shafts with gears and bearings
Shift unit
Electronics
9
The Shiftmatic gearbox can subdivided into the
following functional areas on the basis of its design
and operation:
Electronics
Hydraulics
Mechanics
The electronics in the Shiftmatic gearbox are used for
evaluating and monitoring different system variables.
The gearbox control unit with the sensors and
actuators that are connected to it are responsible for
this in particular.
The hydraulics transfer the variables calculated with
the electronics to the gearbox mechanics. In this way,
the gears are shifted and the clutch is operated with
the hydraulics.
The mechanics are responsible for delivering the
necessary power transmission (torque and revs) that is
calculated in the electronics depending on the driving
conditions.
S372_008
Selector lever
Gearbox control unit
Gearbox
Hydraulic unit
10
Gearbox design
The Shiftmatic gearbox is based on a manual
gearbox.
It uses components from the 0B7 - 330 Nm manual
gearbox.
The three main components are:
the front and
the rear gearbox case,
the gearbox shafts with shift unit.
The two cases are made from a cast aluminium alloy.
Gearbox Mechanics
Front gearbox case
(with clutch bell housing)
11
S372_002
Rear gearbox case
Gearbox shafts with
shift unit
12
All synchromeshed gears use needle bearings and
are distributed on the layshaft and the output shaft.
The 5th gear is selected directly by the sliding sleeve
shifting to the drive shaft gear.
Gearbox cross-section
The 0B81 Shiftmatic gearbox is a 2-step gearbox with
fully synchronizedgears.
It has a drive shaft, a layshaft and an output shaft.
Gearbox Mechanics
Synchromeshed gear
6th gear
Sliding sleeve
5th/6th gear
Drive shaft gear
(constant mesh)
Drive shaft
Clutch
Central
selector shaft
Fixed gear
3rd gear
Synchromeshed gear
3rd gear
Fixed gear
6th gear
Gear
(constant mesh)
Front gearbox case
(with clutch bell housing)
13
The gears are selected by the central selector shaft
either moving longitudinally or moving longitudinally
and rotating. The selector finger of the central selector
shaft then engages in the respective selector fork.
S372_001
Fixed gear
4th gear
Synchromeshed gear
2nd gear
Sliding sleeve
1st/2nd gear
Synchromeshed gear
1st gear
Rear gearbox case
Layshaft
Output shaft
Synchromeshed gear
Reverse gear
Shift actuator
Sliding sleeve
Reverse gear
Output flange
Synchromeshed gear
4th gear
Fixed gear
2nd gear
Fixed gear
1st gear/reverse gear
Sliding sleeve
3rd/4th gear
14
Gearbox Mechanics
Power transmission
The engine torque is transmitted to the gearbox via
the drive shaft. The gear pair for the constant mesh,
which is always in use, transfers the power flow to the
layshaft.
In all gears except for 5th gear, the power flow is
transferred from the layshaft to the output shaft via
the respective gear pair for the selected gear.
5th gear is selected directly. In this case, the power
does not flow via the layshaft, but directly from the
drive shaft to the output shaft.
When the driver selects reverse gear, the power flow
runs between the layshaft and output shaft via an
individual gear mounted on an additional shaft that
reverses the rotation of the output shaft. 1st gear
Reverse gear
2nd gear
15
S372_005
3rd gear
4th gear
6th gear
5th gear
16
Drive shaft
The drive shaft is mounted in the front gearbox case
with a fixed deep-groove ball bearing.
The cylindrical roller bearing works as a moveable
bearing between the drive shaft and output shaft.
It is in the drive shaft bore hole.
The drive shaft gear for the constant mesh is part of
the drive shaft.
Gearbox Mechanics
S372_068
S372_003
Bore
Sliding sleeve
5th/6th gear
Synchronizer hub
5th/6th gear
Cylindrical roller
bearing
Deep-groove ball
bearing
Drive shaft Drive shaft
gear
(constant mesh)
Output shaft
17
Output shaft
The output shaft uses a deep-groove ball bearing that
is fitted in the rear gearbox casing as a fixed bearing.
The cylindrical roller bearing works as a moveable
bearing between the drive shaft and output shaft.
The fixed gears for 3rd and 4th gear are part of the
output shaft. The synchromeshed gears for 1st, 2nd,
6th and reverse gear have needle bearings and thus
rotate freely. These synchromeshed gears are also
called idler gears and they rotate constantly with the
corresponding fixed gears.
The synchromeshed gears only connect to the output
shaft via the respective sliding sleeve and the
accompanying synchronizer hub to transfer the
torque once a gear has been selected.
The synchronizer hubs for 1st/2nd gear,
5th/6th gear and reverse gear are permanently
connected to the output shaft via splines.
S372_032
S372_069
Synchronizer hub
5th/6th gear
Sliding sleeve
5th/6th gear
Synchromeshed gear
2nd gear
Sliding sleeve
1st/2nd gear
Synchronizer hub
1st/2nd gear
Sliding sleeve
reverse gear
Synchronizer hub
reverse gear
Output shaft
Deep-groove ball
bearing
Synchromeshed gear
reverse gear
Synchromeshed gear
1st gear
Fixed gear
4th gear
Fixed gear
3rd gear
Synchromeshed gear
6th gear
Cylindrical roller
bearing
18
Layshaft
One fixed and one moveable bearing are also used
as bearings for the layshaft.
The deep-groove ball bearing is fitted in the front
gearbox case as a fixed bearing and the cylindrical
roller bearing as a moveable bearing in the rear
gearbox case.
The fixed gears for 1st and 2nd gear are part of the
layshaft.
The synchromeshed gears for 3rd and 4th gear are
idler gears on needle bearings. The fixed gear for
6th gear as well as the constant mesh are press-fitted
onto the layshaft.
The synchronizer hub for 3rd/4th gear also meshes
with the layshaft via a gear.
Gearbox Mechanics
S372_004
S372_070
Cylindrical roller
bearing
Layshaft
Synchronizer hub
3rd/4th gear
Sliding sleeve
3rd/4th gear
Deep-groove ball
bearing
Fixed gear
1st gear/reverse gear
Fixed gear
2nd gear
Synchromeshed gear
4th gear
Synchromeshed gear
3rd gear
Fixed gear
6th gear
Constant mesh
19
Synchromesh
Different synchromeshes are used for the individual gears in one gearbox to allow adjustment to different speeds.
1st/2nd gear triple synchromesh
The engine speed differences are greatest in 1st and 2nd gear. Therefore triple synchromesh is used here. In the
synchromesh, a frictional surface is formed between the frictional cone on the synchromeshed gear and the inner
ring, a second one between the inner ring and intermediate ring and a third one between the synchronizer ring
and intermediate ring.
S372_064
S372_065
3rd/4th gear double synchromesh
The double synchromesh in 3rd and 4th gear has a special feature on the Shiftmatic gearbox 0B81.
It consists of a synchro-hub with synchromesh splines that can be replaced separately and fits onto the
synchromeshed gear.
The friction surfaces for the double synchromesh are between the inner ring and intermediate ring as well
as between the synchronizer ring and intermediate ring.
Synchromesh splines
Synchromeshed gear
Frictional cone Inner ring Intermediate ring Synchronizer ring
Synchromeshed gear Synchro-hub with
synchromesh splines
Inner ring Intermediate ring Synchronizer ring
20
Gearbox Mechanics
S372_066
S372_067
5th/6th gear single synchromesh
In 5th/6th gear, single synchromesh is used due to the small engine speed differences. The separate synchro-hub
with synchromesh splines is the special feature in this case.
The single synchromesh has just one frictional surface between the frictional cone on the synchro-hub and the
synchronizer ring.
Reverse gear single synchromesh
The reverse gear in the Shiftmatic gearbox is single synchromesh. The only frictional surface here is between the
frictional cone on the synchromeshed gear and the synchronizer ring.
You will find more information on synchromesh in
self-study programme 320 6-Speed Manual Gearbox 0A5.
Synchronizer ring
Synchro-hub with
synchromesh splines
Synchromeshed gear
Frictional cone
Synchromeshed gear
Synchromesh splines
Synchronizer ring Frictional cone
21
Shifter unit
The shift unit is used to engage the selected gear with
its shifter rails and selector forks. The central selector
shaft is the central part of this shifter unit. It has the
task of transferring the movement to the selector forks.
The movement is transferred to the sliding sleeves by
the selector forks for the respective gear pair.
As the selector fork for the 5th/6th gear and the
selector fork of the 3rd/4th gear carry out a rotary
movement instead of a longitudinal movement,
rotating sliders are mounted on the selector forks to
transfer the movement onto the sliding sleeve.
S372_009
Central selector shaft
Selector fork
reverse gear
Selector fork
1st/2nd gear
Selector fork joints
Selector fork
5th/6th gear
Selector fork
3rd/4th gear
Slider
22
Shifter unit with shift actuator
The central selector shaft has three selector fingers.
These selector fingers are pushed to the respective
position to operate a selector fork by the rotary
movement of the central selector shaft. Rotary
movement of the central selector shaft to the left
causes a downwards gate change and rotary
movement to the right causes an upwards gate
change. The central selector shaft causes a
longitudinal movement for a gear change
within the gate.
Gearbox Mechanics
Selector finger
1st/2nd gear
Selector finger
5th/6th gear
Central selector shaft
4th gear
3rd gear
2nd gear
6th gear
5th gear
Selector finger
3rd/4th gear/
reverse gear
23
The gearshifts are calculated in the electronic manual
gearbox control unit J514 on the basis the drivers shift
selection or the driving situation and applied by the
hydraulic system.
The central selector shaft is bolted to the shift actuator
on the hydraulic system for this reason.
Due to pressure build-up or reduction in the various
chambers of the shift actuator, the central selector
shaft is set in a rotary movement with longitudinal
displacement or only in a longitudinal movement.
S372_010
Shift actuator
Reverse gear
1st gear
24
The second hydraulic cylinder is the hydraulic brake.
This cylinder is a single-acting hydraulic cylinder that
has a coil spring to return it into position. The pressure
piston is mounted on the underside and the brake
piston on the upperside. The upper part of the brake
piston has a cylindrical shape like the outer contour
of the selector sleeve. To improve the friction effect
between the selector sleeve and the brake piston, the
selector sleeve has a knurled surface.
Gearbox Mechanics
Shift actuator
The shift actuator forms the interface between the
mechanics and hydraulics. It consists of two hydraulic
cylinders. The double-acting hydraulic cylinder is the
shift cylinder. It is connected to the central selector
shaft on the left via the piston rod. The selector sleeve
with gate guide is fitted on the piston rod of the shift
cylinder on the right-hand side. The guide pin that is
press-fitted onto the piston rod is located inside the
gate guide.
S372_011
Shift cylinder
(double-acting)
Piston rod
Selector sleeve with knurling
Chamber 1 Chamber 2
Permanent magnet
(longitudinal direction)
Hydraulic channels Chamber 3
Permanent magnet
(direction of rotation)
Magnet holder
Gate guide
Guide pin
Brake piston
Return spring
(coil spring)
Piston rod
Pressure piston
Hydraulic
brake
25
If the gear is changed within a gate, pressure is only
applied to chamber 1 or chamber 2. This causes the
piston rod of the shifter cylinder to be moved
lengthways.
If the gear is changed together with a shifting gate,
pressure is applied to chamber 3 as well as chamber 1
or chamber 2. This in turn causes the piston rod of the
shifter cylinder to be moved lengthways and rotated.
Two permanent magnets are mounted on the piston
rod using a magnet holder to recognise the
longitudinal movement and the rotary movement.
There is a solenoid valve for each hydraulic channel
(chamber) in the shift actuator. The solenoid values
are used to build up or reduce pressure.
The piston rod of the shift cylinder is moved to the
right by pressure being built up in chamber 1 or to the
left by pressure being built up in chamber 2.
However, if pressure is also applied in chamber 3 of
the hydraulic brake, then the selector sleeve cannot
be rotated by the brake piston. The piston rod of the
shift cylinder is rotated in addition to being moved
longitudinally. The rotary movement is caused by the
positive drive of the guide pin in the stepped gate
guide.
Neutral position of the gearbox/shift actuator
The neutral position on the Shiftmatic gearbox is not just available in the 3rd and 4th gear shifting gate as on a
manual gearbox, but also in each shift gate. The gearbox always switches to neutral in the respective shifting gate
depending on the speed. The neutral position in the shifting gate of the 1st and 2nd gear starting from 1st gear is
shown as an example. In this position, the guide pin is on the left in the upper step of the gate guide.
S372_072 S372_073
26
S372_086
S372_085
Gearbox Mechanics
Changing gear without changing shifting gate
Shifting up gears 1 > 2; 3 > 4; 5 > 6
Shifting down gears 2 > 1; 4 > 3; 6 > 5
Chamber 2
Chamber 1
27
S372_012 S372_013
S372_014
S372_015
Starting position Final position
When shifting up to an even gear, pressure is built up in chamber 2 of the shift cylinder. This causes the piston rod
to move longitudinally to the left. The selector sleeve then rotates to the right because of the positive drive.
When shifting down to an odd gear, pressure is built up in chamber 1 of the shift cylinder. This causes the piston rod
to move longitudinally to the right. The selector sleeve then rotates to the left because of the positive drive.
28
S372_087
S372_088
Gearbox Mechanics
Gear change with shifting gate change
Shift up gears 2 > 3; 4 > 5 and shift R > 1
Chamber 1
Chamber 3
Shift down gears 3 > 2; 5 > 4 and shift 1 > R
Chamber 2 Chamber 3
29
S372_016 S372_017
S372_018 S372_019
Starting position Final position
When the gearbox shifts up to an odd gear, pressure is first built up in chamber 3 of the hydraulic brake and then
in chamber 1 of the shift cylinder. The pressure built-up in chamber 3 causes the selector sleeve to be locked and the
pressure built-up in chamber 1 also causes rotation to the right due to the positive drive in the blocked selector
sleeve in addition to the longitudinal movement of the piston rod to the right.
When the gearbox shifts down to an even gear, pressure is first built up in chamber 3 of the hydraulic brake and
then in chamber 2 of the shift cylinder. The pressure built-up in chamber 3 locks the selector sleeve and the pressure
built-up in chamber 2 of the selector cylinder also causes rotation to the left, in addition to the longitudinal
movement of the piston rod, due to the positive drive in the locked selector sleeve.
30
Hydraulic system
All components in the hydraulic system are fitted directly on the gearbox or inside it. This saves on hoses and thus
space.
Hydraulics
S372_020
The hydraulic system consists of the following main
components:
Hydraulic oil tank
Breather
Slave cylinder with clutch release bearing
Accumulator
Hydraulic control unit with shift actuator
Hydraulic pump for gearbox V387
Slave cylinder with
clutch release bearing
Hydraulic control unit with
shift actuator
Hydraulic pump for gearbox V387
31
S372_021
Breather
Hydraulic oil tank
Accumulator
32
Hydraulic oil tank
The hydraulic oil tank is bolted to the underside of the
rear gearbox case. It is used as a reservoir for the
hydraulic oil. In addition to supplying the hydraulic
oil, it also has the task of settling and defoaming the
oil.
The oil filler screw and the oil drainage screw are
located on one side and the suction and return neck
on the other.
The riser pipes for checking the oil level and filling oil
are located on the top. The hydraulic oil tank is
covered by a sealed lid.
Hydraulics
Hydraulic oil system
The mechanics of the automated manual gearbox are controlled by an electro-hydraulic system.
There is a separate hydraulic oil system in addition to the gearbox oil system.
0.5l of G 004 000 M2 (PENTOSIN CHF 202) is used as the hydraulic oil. It is filled for life.
S372_052
S372_038
Hydraulic oil tank
Breather
Lid with seal
Suction connection
Return neck
Oil tank
Riser pipe
Oil level check
Riser pipe
for filling oil
Oil filler screw
Oil drainage screw
33
The cross-section of the rear gearbox case shows the
separate oil systems in the gearbox, the gearbox oil
system and the hydraulic oil system.
Breathing and thus pressure compensation of the
hydraulic system is ensured by a breather cap.
This is fitted on the left of the gearbox housing and
connected to the hydraulic system by hoses.
S372_046
Gearbox oil
Hydraulic oil
Suction connection
Rear
gearbox case
Breather
Riser pipe
for filling oil with
sealing screw
Riser pipe
for oil level check
with sealing screw
Deflector
See the repair guide for how to fill
hydraulic oil.
34
Hydraulics
Hydraulic pump for gearbox V387
The hydraulic pump for gearbox V387 is mounted as a unit on the front left-hand side of the gearbox case together
with a 12 V electric motor.
The hydraulic pump maintains the working pressure
that is required for precise clutch operation and
gearshifts. A pressure sensor constantly sends the
hydraulic pressure to the electronic manual gearbox
control unit J514. If the pressure falls below 39 bar
after several shift processes, the electric motor is
activated and switched off again at a pressure of
55 bar.
A gear wheel pump is used as the hydraulic pump.
The hydraulic oil is drawn in from the hydraulic oil
tank via the suction neck and transferred to the
accumulator and valve block via a steel pipe.
The oil is returned to the hydraulic oil tank through the
return line on the valve block.
S372_037
S372_048
Hydraulic pump for gearbox V387
with electric motor
Intake connection
Delivery connection
Hydraulic pump for
gearbox V387 with
electric motor
Gear wheel pump
Delivery pipe to
valve block
Suction pipe from
hydraulic oil tank
35
On the inside, the accumulator consists of a piston
and a pressurised gas filling. When hydraulic
pressure starts to build up, the piston is pressed
against the gas and compresses it. If the hydraulic
pressure suddenly falls, the gas expands again and
the working pressure is maintained. The filled pressure
accumulator can bridge up to three shift procedures
without the hydraulic pump being run. Nitrogen is
used as the pressurised gas.
Accumulator
The accumulator is mounted on the right-hand side of the rear gearbox case. The accumulator is connected to the
valve block by a steel pipe. The gearbox hydraulic pressure sender G270 is mounted between the delivery pipe
connection and accumulator.
Whenever necessary, the accumulator passes on the stored pressure to the hydraulic system.
S372_050
S372_047
Pressurised gas
(nitrogen)
Piston with seals
Hydraulic oil
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Accumulator
Valve block delivery
pipe connection
Accumulator
36
Hydraulics
It consists of the valve block, the shift actuator, a fine
filter and four solenoid valves. Selector lever valve 1
N284, selector lever valve 2 N285 and the clutch
actuator valve N255 are control valves. The solenoid
for hydraulic brake, Shiftmatic N431 is a switching
valve with pressure limitation.
The advantage of the valve block is its compact and
space-saving design. The need for pipes has been
reduced and fewer seals are required.
It is important that you reduce the hydraulic pressure
before carrying out repair work as the valve block is
under constant pressure.
S372_036
S372_024
Hydraulic control unit
The hydraulic control unit is mounted on the rear left-hand side of the gearbox.
Hydraulic control unit
Shift actuator
Valve block
Return line to hydraulic oil tank
Clutch actuator valve N255
Selector lever valve 1 N284
Selector lever valve 2 N285
Fine filter
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
37
S372_028
S372_028
S372_028
S372_029
Clutch actuator valve N255
The clutch actuator valve N255 is used to activate the
slave cylinder with clutch release bearing and thus
operate the clutch via the hydraulic oil system.
Selector lever valve 1 N284
Selector lever valve 1 N284 is used for longitudinal
movement of the central selector shaft to the right and
thus to shift to 1st, 3rd and 5th gear.
Selector lever valve 2 N285
Selector lever valve 2 N285 is used for longitudinal
movement of the central selector shaft to the left and
thus to shift to 2nd, 4th and 6th gear.
Solenoid for hydraulic brake,
Shiftmatic N431
The solenoid for hydraulic brake, Shiftmatic N431 is
used to control the hydraulic brake in the shift
actuator. The selector sleeve in the shift actuator is
blocked and the central selector shaft rotates due to
the positive drive of the guide pin in the selector
sleeve.
38
Slave cylinder with clutch release bearing
Hydraulics
The slave cylinder with clutch release bearing is a
module on the drive shaft. Activation of the clutch
actuator valve N255 builds up pressure in the slave
cylinder and presses the clutch diaphragm spring
tongues over the clutch release bearing. The clutch
is then disengaged.
Despite there being a breather valve on the slave
cylinder with clutch release bearing, ventilation is not
necessary as the whole gearbox hydraulic system
including the clutch is vented.
A clutch travel sender G162 fitted to the slave
cylinder with clutch release bearing measures the
disengagement travel and sends the information to
electronic manual gearbox control unit J514.
S372_023
S372_035
Front gearbox case
(clutch bell housing)
Slave cylinder with
clutch release bearing
Drive shaft
Clutch travel sender G162
Slave cylinder with
clutch release bearing
Breather
Hydraulic connection
Important
Hydraulic system is vented and may not
be ventilated separately.
39
S372_080
Upon longitudinal movement, the iron core fitted to the slave cylinder causes changes to the magnetic field in the
coils of the clutch travel sender G162 that are used to determine the disengagement travel.
Arrangement and operation
The clutch actuator valve N255 is activated to engage the clutch allowing the hydraulic pressure to build up against
the slave cylinder. In the slave cylinder, the hydraulic pressure is transferred to the pressure piston via the piston
seal and an intermediate ring. This moves the pressure piston towards the diaphragm spring tongues. The piston
thus presses against the outer ring, inner ring and the clutch release bearing consisting of ball bearings in a cage.
The longitudinal movement of the clutch release bearing pushes the diaphragm spring tongues and thus
disengages the clutch.
The preload spring presses against the clutch release bearing when the clutch is not engaged. For this reason, the
outer ring runs constantly at the clutch speed. This reduces bearing noise. The speed compensation between the
inner and outer ring is achieved with the ball bearings that run in a cage. The clutch release bearing has a lifetime
grease filling as lubrication. To protect the slave cylinder with clutch release bearing from dirt, bellows have been
fitted between the two parts.
Cage
Slave cylinder housing
Pressure piston
Hydraulic oil inlet
Preloaded spring
Intermediate ring
Piston seal
Clutch release
bearing
Ball bearing
Outer ring
Guide sleeve
Inner ring
Bellows Iron core
Clutch travel sender G162
Diaphragm spring
tongues
40
Hydraulic diagram
The hydraulic diagram provides an overview of the
components interacting in the hydraulic system.
Hydraulics
Delivery pipe to valves
and accumulator
Delivery and return line for
chamber 2 of the shift actuator
Delivery and return line for
chamber 1 of the shift actuator
Delivery and return line for
chamber 3 of the shift actuator
Delivery and return pipe of
slave cylinder with clutch release
bearing
Intake pipe
Return pipe
Control line for
overpressure limitation
Hydraulic pump for gearbox V387
Slave cylinder with
clutch release
bearing
Accumulator
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
41
S372_031
Hydraulic oil tank
Clutch actuator
valve N255
Selector lever
valve 1 N284
Selector lever
valve 2 N285
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
Shift actuator
Chamber 1
Chamber 2
Chamber 3
42
S372_078
Hydraulics
Hydraulic circuit diagram
Components
This circuit diagram shows the hydraulic oil circuit for the Shiftmatic gearbox using hydraulic circuit symbols for the
individual hydraulic components. The following hydraulic circuit diagrams should illustrate various switching
positions of the solenoid valves for the individual shift processes with and without gate changes.
Shift actuator
Slave cylinder
with clutch release bearing
Selector lever
valve 1 N284
Selector lever
valve 2 N285
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
Hydraulic oil tank
Hydraulic pump
for gearbox V387
Filter
Filter
Check valve
Accumulator
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Clutch
actuator valve N255
43
S372_089
Neutral position
At the start of each shift procedure, the power flow between the engine and gearbox has to be interrupted by
disengaging the clutch. To allow this, the clutch actuator valve N255 is activated electrically during the whole shift
procedure and the hydraulic pressure can be applied to the slave cylinder with release bearing. As the Shiftmatic
gearbox switches to neutral in the respective shift gate depending on the speed, it is shown here in the example
starting with 1st gear (shift gate 1st/2nd gear).
Once the clutch has been disengaged, selector lever valve 2 N285 is activated electrically to accelerate the piston.
The piston is then slowed down again by the electrical activation of selector lever valve 1 N284 so that it reaches its
centre position in the shift cylinder. The guide pin is then on the left in the upper step of the gate guide.
Shift actuator
Slave cylinder
with clutch release bearing
Selector lever
valve 1 N284
Selector lever
valve 2 N285
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
Hydraulic oil tank
Hydraulic pump
for gearbox V387
Filter
Filter
Check valve
Accumulator
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Clutch
actuator valve N255
Pressure free
Hydraulic pressure
Pressure reduction
Electrically activated
44
S372_090
Hydraulics
Changing gear without changing shifting gate
A gear change without gate change is shown as a gear being shifted up within a gate. Firstly, pressure is built up in
the slave cylinder with clutch release bearing due to the clutch actuator valve N255 being activated. This
disengages the clutch. The selector lever valve 2 N285 is then activated moving the piston in the shift cylinder to the
left until the guide pin is positioned on the left of the gate guide. As the solenoid for hydraulic brake, Shiftmatic
N431 blocks the pressure, there is also no pressure on the hydraulic brake pressure piston so that the selector sleeve
in the shift actuator can rotate freely.
Shift actuator
Slave cylinder
with clutch release bearing
Selector lever
valve 1 N284
Selector lever
valve 2 N285
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
Hydraulic oil tank
Hydraulic pump
for gearbox V387
Filter
Filter
Check valve
Accumulator
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Clutch
actuator valve N255
45
S372_091
The pressure reduction during the shift procedure is the reverse of the pressure build-up. First, selector lever valve 2
N285 is returned to its rest position by the spring force. The pressure is then built-up in the shift actuator. The
pressure reduction in the slave cylinder with clutch release bearing is then carried out in such a way using the
clutch actuator valve N255 that the clutch can be engaged easily again. This is controlled by the current for the
clutch actuator valve N255. Once the pressure has been reduced in the chambers of the shift actuator and in the
slave cylinder with clutch release bearing, the shift process is complete.
Shift actuator
Slave cylinder
with clutch release bearing
Selector lever
valve 1 N284
Selector lever
valve 2 N285
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
Hydraulic oil tank
Hydraulic pump
for gearbox V387
Filter
Filter
Check valve
Accumulator
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Clutch
actuator valve N255
Pressure free
Hydraulic pressure
Pressure reduction
Electrically activated
46
S372_092
Hydraulics
Gear change with shifting gate change
A gear change with gate change is shown as a gear being shifted up with gate change. Firstly, the clutch is
disengaged by activating the clutch actuator valve N255 and thus pressure is built up in the slave cylinder with
clutch release bearing. The solenoid for hydraulic brake, Shiftmatic N431 is then switched to flow through so that
the hydraulic brake is activated and the selector is prevented from rotating. The selector lever valve 1 N284 is then
opened and pressure starts to build up against the shift cylinder piston in the shift actuator. Since the selector sleeve
is now locked, the piston rod rotates to the right in addition to moving lengthways. This occurs due to the positive
drive of the guide pin in the gate guide.
Shift actuator
Slave cylinder
with clutch release bearing
Selector lever
valve 1 N284
Selector lever
valve 2 N285
Hydraulic oil tank
Hydraulic pump
for gearbox V387
Filter
Filter
Check valve
Accumulator
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Clutch
actuator valve N255
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
47
S372_093
Once the gear has been selected, the pressure is reduced again. For this, both valves N284 and N431 are moved
back to the rest position by a spring. This allows the pressure in the shift actuator chambers to be reduced again.
Next, the pressure in the slave cylinder with clutch release bearing is reduced in a controlled manner by activating
the clutch actuator valve N255. This allows the clutch to engage smoothly and easily. Once the pressure in the shift
actuator chambers and in the slave cylinder with clutch release bearing has been reduced, the shift process is
complete.
Pressure free
Hydraulic pressure
Pressure reduction
Electrically activated
Shift actuator
Slave cylinder
with clutch release bearing
Selector lever
valve 1 N284
Selector lever
valve 2 N285
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
Hydraulic oil tank
Hydraulic pump
for gearbox V387
Filter
Filter
Check valve
Accumulator
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Clutch
actuator valve N255
48
S372_094
Hydraulics
Pressure relief system
A pressure relief system has been integrated in the hydraulic oil system of the Shiftmatic gearbox to protect
components from overloading. The pressure relief is performed by the solenoid for hydraulic brake, Shiftmatic
N431. During all shift procedures, the hydraulic pressure is applied constantly via a control line on valve N431.
This means that the valve can also be controlled with the hydraulic pressure in addition to electrical activation.
The valve stays in its rest position at a system pressure of 55 bar.
Shift actuator
Slave cylinder
with clutch release bearing
Selector lever
valve 1 N284
Selector lever
valve 2 N285
Hydraulic oil tank
Hydraulic pump
for gearbox V387
Filter
Filter
Check valve
Accumulator
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Clutch
actuator valve N255
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
49
If the hydraulic pressure rises above 75 bar, however, the spring force of the clutch actuator valve N431 is
counteracted and the valve is pushed to its centre position. This short-circuits the hydraulic oil system so that the
pressure cannot rise any further.
S372_095
Pressure free
Hydraulic pressure
Pressure reduction
Electrically activated
Shift actuator
Slave cylinder
with clutch release bearing
Selector lever
valve 1 N284
Selector lever
valve 2 N285
Solenoid for hydraulic
brake, Shiftmatic N431
Hydraulic oil tank
Hydraulic pump
for gearbox V387
Filter
Filter
Check valve
Accumulator
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Clutch
actuator valve N255
50
System overview
Electronics
Selector lever E313
Gearbox hydraulic pressure sender G270
Gearbox speed sender G38
Gear detection sensor G604
Clutch travel sender G162
Driver door contact switch F2
Control unit with display
in dash panel insert J285
Electronic
ignition lock D9
51
S372_060
Clutch actuator valve N255
Selector lever valve 1 N284
Selector lever valve 2 N285
Solenoid for hydraulic brake,
Shiftmatic N431
Hydraulic pump for gearbox V387
Gearbox hydraulic pump
relay J510
Electronic manual gearbox
control unit J514
J510
Diagnosis connector
D9
52
Sensors
Gearbox speed sender G38
The gearbox speed sender G38 is mounted on the
right-hand side of the rear gearbox case.
The sensor measures the speed on the synchromeshed
gear for the reverse gear on the output shaft.
Signal use
The signal from the gearbox speed sender G38 is
used to determine the clutch speed and thus also the
gearbox input speed from the transmission ratio.
The electronic manual gearbox control unit J514 needs
these speeds to calculate the biting point of the clutch
as well as to control the clutch procedures.
Function
The gearbox speed sender G38 is a differential Hall
sensor that measures the tooth backlash on a
ferromagnetic sender wheel. Two Hall elements are
used that measure the left and right sides of a tooth.
The output signal that is also converted into a
rectangular signal is formed from the difference of
both signals.
This sensor type measures very accurately and is not
sensitive to disturbance, like, for example,
temperature fluctuations in the gearbox.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails, the gearbox emergency mode will
be activated. Gear changes are then only possible in
manual mode up to 3rd gear.
Automatic mode is deactivated.
S372_044
S372_051
Electronics
Gearbox speed sender G38
Gearbox speed sender G38
Synchromeshed gear reverse gear
53
Gearbox hydraulic pressure sender
G270
The gearbox hydraulic pressure sender G270 is
mounted directly on the accumulator on the right-
hand side of the rear gearbox case.
Signal use
The gearbox hydraulic pressure sender G270
determines the current pressure in the hydraulic
system and transfers it to the electronic manual
gearbox control unit J514. If the working pressure falls
below 39 bar, the gearbox hydraulic pump relay J510
is triggered by the electronic manual gearbox control
unit and the hydraulic pump for gearbox V387 is thus
activated. At a pressure of 55 bar, the hydraulic pump
for gearbox is switched off again.
Function
A diaphragm with strain resistors is fitted inside the
pressure sensor. As soon as pressure is applied to the
diaphragm, the resistances change due to the
stretching. The resulting drop in voltage is converted
into a pressure value by the electronic manual
gearbox control unit J514.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails, the gearbox emergency mode will
be activated. Gear changes are then only possible in
manual mode up to 3rd gear.
Automatic mode is deactivated.
S372_059
Gearbox hydraulic
pressure sender G270
Accumulator
54
Selector lever E313
The selector lever for the Shiftmatic gearbox E313 uses
a so-called shift by wire system. This means that
there is no mechanical connection between the
selector lever and gearbox.
The selector lever E313 has three stable positions:
Forwards gear O
Neutral N
Reverse gear R
and 3 unstable positions:
Shift up +
Shift down
Automatic mode (auto shift) A
The positions for forwards O, neutral N and
reverse R are held horizontally by the holding roller
locking in the housing lid. There are 2 further locking
positions in the guide housing for vertical locking.
One of the locking positions is for vertical locking of
the forwards and neutral driving positions and the
other for locking the reverse gear.
The unstable positions are preset by the gate guide in
the lid and in the guide housing.
After tapping an unstable position, a spring returns
the selector lever E313 to the starting position for
forwards O.
The selector lever E313 has contact-free sensors.
This avoids wear and ensures safe operation.
Signal use
The electronic manual gearbox control unit J514 uses
the selector lever position to calculate the drivers
gear shift requirement.
Function
A permanent magnet is mounted on the underside
of the selector lever, which causes changes in the
magnetic field within the sensor range of the housing
lid.
The 6 selector lever positions are encoded in a shift
logic of 4 signals. This logic is used by the electronic
manual gearbox control unit J514 to evaluate the
selector lever position and thus the drivers gear shift
requirement.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails, only automatic mode will be
available.
If two or more signals fail, gear selection and thus the
gearbox will be disabled and an F will appear in
the combi instrument gear indicator. It will also not be
possible to start the engine.
Electronics
55
S372_041
Housing lid with
sensors
Catch for locking roller
Gate guide in
housing lid
Connector
Gear knob
Permanent magnet
Locking roller
Selector lever E313
Selector lever housing,
underside
Guide housing
56
Clutch travel sender G162
The clutch travel sender G162 is a contact-free
position sensor that measures the disengagement
travel directly on the slave cylinder with clutch release
bearing. The sensor is bolted directly to the slave
cylinder with clutch release bearing.
Signal use
The signal from the clutch travel sender G162 is used
together with the gearbox speed sender G38 to
control the clutch position and to determine the
following three operating modes in the electronic
manual gearbox control unit J514:
- clutch biting point,
- clutch engaging point and
- clutch wear.
This allows the clutch to be controlled smoothly and
safely.
The clutch used in the Crafter is a self-adjusting
single-plate dry clutch, which means the
disengagement travel always stays constant.
The clutch biting point indicates at which
disengagement travel the clutch biting point occurs
between the engine and gearbox. At this moment, the
clutch starts to slip and the synchromeshed gears in
the gearbox start to turn.
At the clutch engaging point, full power transmission
occurs between the engine and gearbox when a gear
is selected. The clutch is fully closed and does not slip.
The clutch wear is a value stored in the control unit
that takes the wear of the friction lining into
consideration. A new friction lining with a high
frictional value requires a slower pressure build-up in
the clutch actuator valve N255 compared with a worn
lining. The scale of the necessary pressure reduction is
determined using the clutch wear. The activation time
of the valve is varied so that smooth clutch operation
is always possible.
For this reason, it is necessary to teach in the clutch
biting point again when a new clutch is fitted or if
there is a malfunction.
Function
A ring with iron core mounted on the slave cylinder
with clutch release bearing causes the magnetic field
in the 2 coils of the clutch travel sender G162 to
change. Evaluation electronics convert this change
into the position signal.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails, the gearbox emergency mode will
be activated. Gear changes in manual mode are then
only possible up to 3rd gear and an F appears in
combi instrument gear indicator.
S372_057
Electronics
Clutch travel sender G162
Slave cylinder with clutch
release bearing
Iron core
You will find more information in the
Guided fault finding Learn new clutch
biting point.
57
S372_054
Driver door contact switch F2
The driver door contact switch F2 is fitted in the driver
door lock unit and is not directly visible from the
outside.
It is a mechanical switch that is reset by a spring.
Signal use
The signal from the driver door contact switch F2 is
used together with the signal from the gearbox
hydraulic pressure sender G270 and the ambient
temperature sensor G17 to determine whether and
when the hydraulic pump for gearbox V387 needs to
be activated.
If the gearbox hydraulic pressure sender G270
measures a pressure below 39 bar, the hydraulic
pump will need to be run before the engine is started
to provide the necessary hydraulic system pressure.
If the ambient temperature sensor records a
temperature below 20 C, the hydraulic pump will
run as soon as the drivers door is opened due to the
viscosity of the hydraulic oil. If the temperature is
above that, this will not happen until the drivers door
is closed.
The signal from the door contact switch F2 is also
used for the roll away warning in the Crafter. A
warning signal will sound as soon as the drivers door
is opened and the handbrake is not engaged.
Another function that is controlled with the signal from
the door contact switch F2 is the gearbox neutral
switching. Before the gearbox is switched to neutral, a
warning signal sounds under the following conditions:
- engine running
- gear selected
- no pedal pressed
- drivers door open
The gearbox is only switched to neutral after another
three seconds.
Effects of signal failure
The gearbox continues normal operation and there is
no emergency mode.
Connector for driver door contact
switch F2 and central locking
Door lock unit
Cable for
door inside handle
Cable for
door outside handle
58
Gear detection sensor G604
The gear detection sensor G604 is located on the top
of the rear gearbox housing. It is used for contact-free
detection of the longitudinal movement and rotary
movement of the central selector shaft that is
connected to the piston rod.
Signal use
The electronic manual gearbox control unit J514 uses
the position signals from the gear detection sensor
G604 to determine the selected gear and thus also
the gear gate.
Function
One permanent magnet for detecting the longitudinal
movement and one for the rotation direction is fitted
on the piston rod of the shift actuator. When the
piston rod is moved or rotated, the permanent
magnets change the magnetic field in the coils of the
gear detection sensor G604. The electronic manual
gearbox control unit J514 calculates the position of the
central selector shaft from these signals.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails, gear selection and thus the gearbox
will be disabled and an F will appear in the combi
instrument gear indicator. It will also not be possible
to start the engine.
S372_042
Electronics
Gear detection sensor G604
Magnet holder
Permanent magnet
(longitudinal direction)
Permanent magnet
(direction of
rotation)
Piston rod
59
S372_028
S372_028
Actuators
Clutch actuator valve N255
The clutch actuator valve N255 is a control valve. This
solenoid valve can control the volume flow and thus
the hydraulic pressure by regulating the flow.
Intermediate positions are possible in addition to
open and closed. This property is necessary to
make the clutch procedure safe and precise. The valve
is opened with an electrical current and is returned to
the closed position by the spring force.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails, gear selection and thus the gearbox
will be disabled and an F will appear in the combi
instrument gear indicator. It will also not be possible to
start the engine.
Selector lever valve 1 N284
The selector lever valve 1 N284 is a control valve.
It is used to shift gears 1, 3 and 5.
The valve is opened with an electric current.
It is returned to the closed position by a spring.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails, gear selection and thus the gearbox
will be disabled and an F will appear in the combi
instrument gear indicator. It will also not be possible
to start the engine.
60
S372_029
S372_028
Selector lever valve 2 N285
The selector lever valve 2 N285 is a control valve. It is
used to shift gears 2, 4 and 6 as well as reverse gear.
The valve is opened with an electric current. It is
returned to the closed position by a spring.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails, gear selection and thus the gearbox
will be disabled and an F will appear in the combi
instrument gear indicator. It will also not be possible
to start the engine.
Solenoid for hydraulic brake,
Shiftmatic N431
The solenoid for hydraulic brake, Shiftmatic N431 is
used to control the hydraulic brake in the shift
actuator. This solenoid valve is black/white or binary
operated valve, but with 3 positions. The valve is open
when fully powered. It is returned to the closed
position by a spring. The middle position has a
pressure limitation function in which the hydraulic oil
system is short-circuited and the pressure cannot rise
any further.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails, gear selection and thus the gearbox
will be disabled and an F will appear in the combi
instrument gear indicator. It will also not be possible
to start the engine.
Electronics
61
Hydraulic pump for gearbox V387
The hydraulic pump for gearbox V387 is a module
consisting of a 12 V electric motor and a hydraulic
pump. A gear wheel pump is used as a hydraulic
pump.
The hydraulic pump is switched on and off by the
gearbox hydraulic pump relay J510.
Effects of signal failure
If the signal fails (gearbox hydraulic pump relay J510
or hydraulic pump for gearbox V387), gear selection
and thus the gearbox will be disabled and an F will
appear in the combi instrument gear indicator. It will
also not be possible to start the engine.
S372_022
62
Electronics
Functional Diagram
E313 Selector lever
F2 Driver door contact switch
G38 Gearbox speed sender
G162 Clutch travel sender
G270 Gearbox hydraulic pressure sender
G604 Gear detection sensor
J386 Driver door control unit
J404 Terminal 15 relief relay
J510 Gearbox hydraulic pump relay
J514 Electronic manual gearbox control unit
J519 Onboard supply control unit
J681 Terminal 15 voltage supply relay 2
N255 Clutch actuator valve
N284 Selector lever valve 1
N285 Selector lever valve 2
N431 Solenoid for hydraulic brake, Shiftmatic
V387 Hydraulic pump for gearbox
Positive
Earth
Input signal
Output signal
CAN data bus
63
S372_079
64
Service
S372_082
Electronic manual gearbox
control unit J514
The electronic manual gearbox control unit J514 is
mounted inside the console under the seat on the left-
hand side of the vehicle.
Location of electronic manual
gearbox control unit J514
65
Notes
66
Which answers are correct?
One or several of the answers could be correct.
1. Which statement about the Shiftmatic gearbox is correct?
a) It is a semi-automatic gearbox.
a) It is a fully automatic gearbox.
c) It is an automated manual gearbox.
2. Which statement about the triple synchromesh is correct?
a) It can shift gears faster than double synchromesh.
b) In triple synchromesh, a frictional surface occurs less than in double synchromesh.
c) Greater speed differences are compensated in the triple synchromesh than with double synchronization.
3. Which component is the central element of the shift unit?
a) 1st/2nd gear selector fork
a) 3rd/4th gear selector fork
a) 5th/6th gear selector fork
d) Reverse gear selector fork
e) Shift actuator
f) Central selector shaft
Test Yourself
67
4. Which statement about the shift actuator is correct?
a) It is activated electrically.
b) It is activated hydraulically via solenoid valves.
c) It is used for the horizontal movement and rotation of the central selector shaft.
5. What kind of hydraulic pump is used for the Shiftmatic gearbox?
a) Axial piston pump
b) Radial piston pump
c) Gear wheel pump
6. What characterises the selector lever E313 on the Shiftmatic gearbox?
a) It uses a shift by wire system.
b) It is connected mechanically to the Shiftmatic gearbox.
c) It has contact-free sensors.
7. How many signals does the electronic manual gearbox control unit J514 use to evaluate the 6 selector
lever positions?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 6
A n s w e r s
1 . b , c ; 2 . c ; 3 . f ; 4 . b , c ; 5 . c ; 6 . a , c ; 7 . a
VOLKSWAGEN AG, Wolfsburg
All rights and rights to make technical alterations reserved.
000.2811.79.20 Technical status 03/2006
Volkswagen AG
Service Training VSQ-1
Brieffach 1995
38436 Wolfsburg
This paper was manufactured from pulp that was bleached without the use of chlorine.
372