1st Benchmark Review Answers

1st Benchmark Review
Atmosphere Biosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere

All of the
gases that
surround
the Earth
All of the
life on
planet and
the area
that
supports life
(20 km
thick)
All of the
water on
Earth
The crust
and upper
part of the
mantle.
Chapter 1
1. Where do the Hydrosphere and Lithosphere
meet? Ocean floor, Shorelines
2. Where is most of the Earths fresh water
trapped? Snow, ice, (glaciers & sea ice)
3. What is the function of the ozone layer?
Protect from Suns UV rays
1. What causes an increase in atmospheric CO2
Fossil fuel emissions, burning organic
material
Chapter 1
5. How old is the Earth? 4.6 Billion Years
6. Name the layers of the Atmosphere--from the
Earth up:

7. Name the layers of the Earth -- from the
center out:
Radiometric Dating
- Uses radioactive
decay of rocks to
precisely date
samples
- Only accurate in
igneous rocks
Relative Dating
- Uses the relative
position of fossils or
rocks to compare
ages
- Not precise
- Can be used in any
rocks
TIME PASSED AMOUNT OF PARENT
MATERIAL (g)
AMOUNT OF DAUGHTER
MATERIAL (g)
TOTAL AMOUNT OF
MATERIAL (g)
0 100 0 100
50,0000 50 50 100
100,000 25 75 100
150,000 12.5 87 100
200,000 6.25 93.25 100
250,000 3.125 98.875 100
Biotic Factors
- All the living factors
in an environment
- Predators, prey,
competitors
- Food sources
Abiotic Factors
- All the non-living
factors in an
ecosystem
- Rocks, weather,
sun, water
Chapter 2
Chapter 3.1
1. Releasing Carbon Dioxide into the air by
burning fossil fuels contributes to:
Greenhouse effect, warming of the atmosphere

1. The Earths Atmosphere was changed by?
Plants (photosynthesis), Cellular Respiration,
humans.
Chapter 3.2
1. What are the 4 main needs of organisms?
Food, Energy Source, Living Space, Suitable Climate
1. Describe an organisms territory:
An area that an organisms defends to protect its resources
1. What is dormant?
When plants reduce their energy requirements. i.e. Fall
1. Describe the characteristics of hibernation:
Slow heartbeat, slow breathing, low body temp, no food
Chapter 3.3
Species Population Community Ecosystem
Can
produce
fertile or
viable
offspring
All the of the
same
members of
one species
in an area.
All of the
populations in
one area.

All of the
communities
and abiotic
factors in an
area.
Chapter 3.3
1. Describe what habitat means?
Where an organisms gets its resources
1. What is the area a species can live in?
Geographic Range
1. What is biodiversity?
The number of species in an area
1. What is evolution and who was the scientist
that proposed the theory? Darwin
Chapter 3.3
5. What is the most important abiotic factor that
determines life?
Liquid Water
6. Compare Ectothermic and Endothermic:
Ectothermic: relies on environmental temperature
Endothermic: regulates own temperature with
higher metabolism

Chapter 4.1
1. What is a producer? Examples?
Can make its own food. Plants
1. What is a consumer? Examples?
Relies on other organisms for food. Animals
1. What are decomposers? Examples?
Eat and break down dead material. Worm,
snail, fungi.
Chapter 4.1
4. What value do decomposers have?
Return nutrients to the ecosystem for
others.
4. What are trophic levels? What organisms
are at the lowest level? Highest level?
Levels in the feeding relationships.
Producers-lowest. Big Carnivores-highest.
Chapter 4.1
Herbivore Omnivore Carnivore Scavenger
Eats only
plants

Eats both
plants and
animals
Eats only
other
animals
Eats only
already
dead
organisms.
Rabbit, Cow

Bear,
Human
Lion, Tiger Buzzard
Chapter 4.1
7. Contrast autotroph vs. heterotroph. How do
they get their energy?
Autotroph: can make their own energy and
food.
Heterotroph: get their energy by eating
other organisms.
Chapter 4.2
Food Chain Both have in
common:
Food Web
- Linear
- One per
level
- Simple
- Basic
- Show energy
transfers
- Arrows
- Have multiple
levels

- Complex
- Many
organisms
- Show
ecosystem
relationships
Chapter 4.2
1. What do both begin with Producers
2. What do the arrows represent?Energy
Transfers
3. How are diversity and stability related in an
ecosystem? More diversity, more stability.
4. What is biological magnification?
The accumulation of pollutants up a food chain.
Chapter 4.3
1. What is biomass? The amount of organic
material
2. Explain the 10% rule: Only 10% of biomass
or energy can transfer between levels
3. What is the ultimate source of energy in an
ecosystem? The Sun
4. What does an ecological pyramid show?

Chapter 4.4
1. Summarize the water cycle

Chapter 4.4
2. Summarize the Carbon Cycle

Chapter 4.4
3. What do organisms use nitrogen for?
Amino acids and proteins

3. How do organisms get Nitrogen from the
Atmosphere?
Nitrogen fixing bacteria, lightning stikes

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1st Benchmark Review

Atmosphere Biosphere Hydrosphere Lithosphere

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