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IS 6531 (1994): Canal Head Regulators - Criteria for Design
[WRD 14: Water Conductor Systems]
I S 6531 : 1994
m* 9 WFFJ
Indian Standard
CANALHEAD REGULATORS-
CRTTERIAFORDESIGN
( First Revision )
UDC 626.112-55
Q BIS 1994
BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS
MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002
April 1994
Price Group 5






( Reaffirmed 2004 )
Intake Structures Sectional Committee, RVD 11
FOREWORD
This Indian Standard ( First Revision ) was adopted by the Bureau of Indian Standards, after the draft
finalized by the Intake Structures Sectional Committee had been approved by the River Valley Division
Council.
Regulator provided at the head of canal offtaking from a river is termed as canal head regulator. It serves
the following purposes:
a) To regulate the supplies entering the canal: and
b) To control silt entry into the canal.
This standard was first published in 1972. The present revision has been made in view of the experience
gained during the course of these years in the use of this standard. The important modifications made in
the revision are given below:
1) Layout for curved channel head regulator in case of head works for spate irrigation system has
been added.
2) Determination of value of C has been modified.
3) Design criteria for curved channel sediment excluder for spate irrigation headworks has also been
included.
For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of this standard is complied with, the final
value,
observed or calculated, expressing the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in
accordance with IS 2 : 1960 Rules for rounding off numerical values ( revised ). The number of significant
places retained in the rounded off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.





IS 6531 : 1994
Indian Standard
CANALHEADREGULATOW-
CRITBRlAFORDESIGN
/ First Revision )
1 SCOPE respect to the axis of the diversion work. This
This standard covers the criteria for the design of
may, however, be confirmed from model studies,
canal head regulators.
if necessary. A typical layout of the canal head
regulator is given in Fig. 2.
2 REFERENCES
Layout of canal head regulator in case of head-
The Indian Standards listed below are necessary
works with sediment excluder is given in Fig. 3.
adjuncts to this standard:
4 HYDRAULIC DESIGN
IS No. Title
4.1 General
4997 : 1968 Criteria for design of hydraulic
jump type stilling basins with
The hydraulic design of canal head regulator
horizontal and sloping apron
consists of the following:
10430 : 1982 Criteria for design of lined
a)
canals and guidelines for selec-
tion type of lining
b)
3 LOCATION AND LAYOUT
3.1 Location
The location of canal head regulator is inter-
linked with the location of diversion work. The
head regulator should be located as close to the
diversion structure as possible and preferably at
the end of the outer curve ( convex bend ), if
available, to minimize the sediment entry into
the offtaking canal ( see Fig. 1A ).
3.2 Layout
c)
d)
e)
f )
The canal head regulator should be properly
aligned so as to reduce silt entry into the canal
g)
Fixation of pond level ( including losses
through structures );
Fixation of sill level, width of sill and shape
of sill;
Fixa~tion of waterway, number and width
of spans and height of gate openings,
requirements of breast wall, etc;
Shape of approaches and other component
parts;
Safety of structure -from surface flow
consideration;
Safety of structure from sub-surface flow
consideration; and
Energy dissipation arrangements; terminal
structures.
to ; minimum and avoid backflow and formation
of stagnant zones in the pocket. To achieve this,
4.2 Pond Level
the a& of canal head regulator may be located
at an angle of SO to 110 ( SM Fig. 1B ) with
Pond level, in the under-sluice pocket, upstream
of the camal head regulator should generally be
UPSTREAM
+
CANAL
Fm. 1A CANAL HEAD REGULATOR DOWNSTREAM A CONVEX BEND
1





IS 6531 : 1994
Q OF HEADWORKS
Fra. 1B ALIGNMENTOFHEAD REGULATOR
LOOSE APRON
PERVIOUS FLOOR
L
-
2A Typical Plan of Head Regulator
2





IS6531:1994
SPACE FOR GATE
HOISTING PLATFORM
GATE GROOVE
BREAST WALL -AX15 L HEAD
BAFFLE BLOCK
IMPERVIOUS FLOOR
2B Typical Section 07 Head Regulator
Fro. 2 LAYOUT OF CANAL HEAD REGULATOR
FOM TOT-
i\
C.C. BLOCKS
D/S LMMZHnni APRON
U/S INVERTED FILTER
U/S LAUNCHING APRON
\
31L-l EXCLUDER TUNNELS
Y
I_
s
x=
FLOW
3A Typical Plan of Head Regulator with Sediment Excluder
obtained by adding the working head to the
designed full supply level in the canal. The work-
ing head should include the head required for
passing the designed discharge into the canal and
the head losses in the regulator. If under certain
situations there is a limitation of pond level, the
full supply level should be fixed by subtracting
the working head from the pond level. In regions
of high altitude where there is a possibility of ice
formation, a cover of ice of about 0.5 m may be
added to the working head.
4.3 SZll Level
Sill level should be fixed by subtracting from
pond level the head over the sill required to pass
the full supply discharge in the canal at a speci-
fied pond level. To obtain control on entry of silt
into the canal it is desirable that the sill of head
regulator should be kept higher than the sill of
under-sluices, as much as possible, commensurate
with the economic waterway and the driving
head available. If a silt-excluder is provided, the
sill level of head regulator should be determined
in conjunction with the design requirements of
silt-excluder.
4.3.1 The required head over the sill ff, for pass-
ing a discharge Q, with an effective waterway L,
should be worked from the following formula:
Q= CL, ffe34
3





IS 6531 : 1994
t-
AXIS OF HEAD REGULATOR
.- CEMENT CONCRETE LINW
TPANSiTlON PORTION
______ -- ______
BOULDER SET FACING i
I
I *
I
*t *
I *
l j/
PRESSWE RELiEF VALVE I
MAX. POND LVL
AAMOURED STEEL PLATE
SECTICW X -X
-- ._~
GRANITE STONE
36 Longitudinal Section of Canal Head Regulator with Sediment Excluder
Fra. 3 LAYOUT OF CANAL HEAD RECWLATOR WITH SEDIMENT EXCLUDER
where C = a coefficient;
L, = effective waterway in m; and
HI and H, = total heads to the bottom and top
Q = discharge in ms/ s;
C = a coefficient ( see 4.3.1.1 );
JS
= effective waterway in m; and
of the orifice.
LEVEL VAF1IES
~__
He = required head over the crest for passing
a discharge Q, in m.
4.3.1.1 In the formula given in 4.3.1 the exact
value of C depends on many factors; such as head
over the sill, shape and width of the sill (W),
upstream slope (51) and downward slope (&) of
the sill, height over the upstream floor (P) and
roughness of its surface. Some values of C for
H
varied % and -G- for ungated flow and for
& = 0, zz = 2 and 3 are shown in Fig. 4. The
discharge reduction factor for varied submergence
ratios -zc be obtained from Fig. 5 [H* : depth
of tail wattr level above the crest 1. The values of
C be determined by model studies where values
based on prototype observations on similar struc-
tures are not available.
But when the outflow is controlled by partly open
gates, the condition similar to sluice flow deve-
lopes, The required head in this case may be
computed by the following equation:
Q = 213 6-2g.Le ( H18/a - H,sI= )
where
Q
= discharge in ms/ s;
4.3.2 Width qf Sill
Width of sill should be kept according to the
requirements of the gates, trash and stop logs
subject to a minimum of 213 He.
4.3.3 Shape of Sill
The edges of sill should be rounded off with a
radius equal to He. The upstream face should
generally be kept vertical and the downstream
sloped at 2 : 1 or flatter.
4.4 Having decided upon the effective waterway,
the total waterway between the abutments includ-
ing piers should be worked out from the following
formula:
Lt=L,+ 2(.7VKEc, + Ila)&+ W
where
Lt =
L, =
JV=
total waterways,
effective waterways,
number of piers,
K, = pier contraction coefficient ( see 4.4.1 ),
K-, = abutment contraction coefficient
( see 4.4.2 ),
H B = head over crest, and
W = total width of all piers.





IS 6531 : 1994
4. 4. 1 R .ecommended values of K, are as follows:
1.2
I
I I,- HORIZONTAL CREST
I I I
Ha/ w
Fro 4 RECOMMENDATION FOR COEFFICIENT OF DISCHARGE FOR VARIED I&, P AND W
a)
b)
c)
For square nose piers with corners rounded
with a radius equal to about 0.1 of the pier
thickness:
I I , = 0. 02
For rounded nose piers:
K, = 0.01
For pointed nose piers:
x, = 000
4.4.2 Recommended values of K, are as follows:
a) For square abutments with head walls at
90 to the direction of flow:
b) For rounded abutments with head walls a.t
90 to the direction of flow for
O- 5 He > T > O- 15 H,
K, = 0.1
c) For rounded abutments where r > 0.5 He,
and head wall is placed not more than 45O
to the direction of flow:
where
r= abutment rounding radius.
L_
r
---
3
4. 5 Shape of Approaches and Other Compo-
nent Parts
The shape of approaches and other component
parts should preferably be fixed by means of
model studies. However, for works of medium










size the criteria given in 4.5.1 and 4.5.2 may be
adopted.
4.5.1 At the upstream inlet a smooth entry should
be ensured by providing circular, elliptical or
hyperbolic transitions as shown in Fig. IA and
Fig. 2. The splay may be of the order of 1 : I to
3 : 1. These transitions should be confirmed by
model studies, where necessary.
4.5.2 At the downstream side, straight, parabolic
or hyperbolic transitions should be provided as
shown in Fig. 1A and Fig. 2. The splay may be
of the order of 3 : 1 to 5 : 1. These transitions
should be confirmed by model studies, where
necessary.
4.5.3 Wing walls should normally be kept vertical
up to the end of the impervious floor beyond
which they should be flared from vertical to the
actual slope of the canal section. However, in
order to obtain greater economy the wing walls
may be kept vertical up to the toe of glacis beyond
which they may be flared gradually to l/ 2 : 1 at
the end of irnpervious floor. In the remaining
length, wing walls may be flared from l/ 2 : 1 to
the actual slope of the canal section,
4.6 Safety of Structure on Permeable
Foundations from Surface Flow Considera-
tions
In the case of regulators on permeable founda-
tions, the factors enumerated in 4.6.1 to 4.6.4
should be determined. In case of downstream
non-erodible beds protective measures may not be
necessary.
4i6.1 Depth of UpJtream Cut-Off in Relation to Scour
On the upstream side of the head regulator, cut-
off should be provided and taken to the same
depth as the cut-off stream of diversion work.
4.6.2 Basin Dimensions and Appurtenances
These should be provided
IS 4997 : 1968.
4.6.3 Thickness of Floor on
Reference to Hydraulic Jump
in accordance with
Sloping Glacis with
The hvdraulic jump profile should be plotted
under different conditions of flow. Average height
of the jump trough should then be obtained by
deducting the levels of the jump profile from
corresponding hydraulic gradient line. This will
be taken as the unbalanced head for which safety
of glacis floor should be ensured. As a rough
guide the unbalanced head may be assumed to be
l/ 2 ( d, - dl ) where dl and d2 are conjugate
depths at the beginning and end of the hydraulic
jump.
IS 6531 : 1994
4.6.4 Length and Thickness of Upstream and Down-
&earn Loose Aprons
Just at the end of concrete floor on the down-
stream an inverted filter I.5~to 2 D long ( D being
the depth of scour below bed ), consisting of 600
to 900 mm deep concrete blocks with open gaps
( 100 - 150 mm to be suitably filled with coarse
material ) laid over 500 to 800 mm graded filter,
should be provided. The graded inverted filter
should conform to -the following design criteria:
D 15 of filter
>4>
D 15 of filter
D 15 01 foundation D 85 ot foundation
The subscript to D ( 15 or 85 ) means the grain
size than which the percentage indicated by the
subscript is finer.
4.6.4.1 Downstream of the inverted filter, loose
apron 1.5 D long cmsisting of either boulders of
not less than 40 kg or wire boulder cratrs should
be provided so as to ensure a minimum thickness
of 1 m in launched position.
4,6.4.2 Upstream of the impervious floor, blocks
and loose apron should be provided which should
be similar to that provided in the corresponding
weir or barrage.
4.7 Safety of Structure on Permeable
Foundation from Sub surface Flow Consi-
derations
For this, the factors enumerated from 4.7.1
to 4.7.3 should be considered.
4.7.1 Exit Gradient at the End of Impervious Floor
It should be determined from accepted formulae
and curves. The factors of safety for exit gradient
for different types of soils should be as follows:
Shingle 4 to 5
Coarse sand 5 to 6
Fine sand 6 to 7
4.7.2 Total Floor .Lenpth of Impervious Floor and
Depth of Downstream Cut-Off
These two parameters are inter-related. Total
floor length can be decreased by increasing the
depth of downstream cut-off and vice ver.ca, but
increase in the depth of downstream cut-off
should result in increase in the concentration of
uplift pressures, specially in the lower half of the
floor. A balance between the two should have to
be arrived on the basis of economic studies and
other requirements, if any.
4.7.2.1 Minimum of total floor length required
should be the sum of:
a) horizontal floor in the downstream from
surface flow considerations ( see 4.6 ),
7





IS 6531 : 1994
b) length required to accommodate sloping
glacis and crest; and
c) about 3 m extra,
upstream of the crest or
length required from other considerations.
4.7.2.2 Depth of downstream cut-off should be
worked out for this floor length to ensure safe
exit gradient. If depth of downstream cut-off so
calculated is excessive, it can be reduced in
increasing upstream floorlength. As a rough guide
depth of downstream cut-off should not be less
than ( d/2 + 0.5 ), where d is the water depth in
metres corresponding to full supply discharge.
4.7.3 Thickness of Downstream Floor with Reference
to Uplift Pressure
Uplift pressures at key points on the floor should
be determined from the accepted curves and
formulae, corresponding to the condition that
there is high flood level in the river upstream of
head regulator and no water in the canal down-
stream of head regulator. Upstream of sill, only
nominal floor thickness of about 1 m should be
provided.
5 OPERATION
5.1 Provision for Breast Wall
If the maximum flood level to be attained after
construction of the weir is not very high as com-
pared to the full supply level of canal, that is, if
the difference is up to 1 m, gates may be carried
right above the high flood level. But when the
difference is considerable, economy may be
achieved by limiting the height of gates and
providing a breast wall to stop the floods.
5.2 Working Platform
A bridge and working platform should be pro-
vided for the operation of gates. The height of
working platform depends upon the travel of
gates. When there is a breast wall, the gate has to
rise up to its bottom whereas in other case it has
to go above hiqh flood level. Working platform
should be such that counter-weights are clear of
water in the canal.
5.3 The canal head regulator may have to be
operated under partially open conditions during
high flood which may have to be taken under con-
siderations while designing the height of gates.
6 SEDIMENT EXCLUSION DEVICES
6.1 Sediment excluder is a device constructed in
the river bed in front of a canal head regulator to
prevent, as far as possible, sediment entering into
the offtaking canal. This sediment exclusion
becomes necessary, where excessive sediment
entry into the canal causes silting-up and gradu-
ally reduces its capacity. Such devices are neces-
sary, if sediment entering the canal is harmful.
8
5.2 Fundamental Principle
Streams carry most of sediment load of coarser
grade near the bottom. If these bottom layers are
intercepted and removed before the water enters
the canal, most of the sediment load causing
rilting up would be withdrawn. This is generally
achieved by constructing:
a) tunnel type sediment excluders suitablv
located in front of different bays of the
head regulators, and
b)
a curved channel with skimming weir
towards the canal as shown in Fig. 3. It is
recommended that hydraulic model tests
be carried out to check the performance of
the proposed design.
6.3 Design Criteria for Sediment Excluder
6.3.1 &poach
The river approach plays an important part and
it should be kept straight to the mouth of the
tunnels as far as possible.
63.2 Design of Tunnels
a>
b)
c)
Location and number of tunnels - The exclu-
der tunnels are located in front of the
canal head regulator and their alignment
is generally kept parallel to the regulator.
The number of tunnels is determined by
the available discharge
for escapages,
approach conditions and length of the
canal regulator; usually four to six
tunnels are provided. Any change in the
alignment, if found necessary, should be on
smooth curves.
Spacing and bell mouthing rfi tunnels - The
tunnel nearest to the head regulator has to
be of the same length as that of the regu-
lator. The consecutive tunnels should be
spaced at distances such that the mouth of
the one nearer to the head regulator comes
within the suction zone of the succeeding
tunnel so that no dead zone is left between
the two to permit sediment to deposit. The
extent of suction and distance between the
mouth of two tunnels should normally be
determined by model. Generally a distance
of about 12 m may be adequate. The
tunnels should be suitably bell mouthed at
the inlet to minimize entry losses and
improve suction. Bell mouthing should be
done within the thickness of divide wall
and may be done on any suitable elliptical
curve.
Size of tunnels - Size of tunnels depends
upon the number of tunnels, self-clearing
velocity of flow required to be provided
which may be kept 3 m/ s for the alluvial
and 4.0 to 4.5 m/ s for the boulder stage





e)
f)
g)
river and the discharge available for escap
age. Besides, the convenience of a man for
inspection and repairs should also be kept
in view.
Roof and bed of tunnels - The roof slab of
the tunnels should be kept flush with sill
of the canal regulators and the bed kept
at the upstream floor level of weir/ anicut/
barrage.
Exit - All the tunnels outfall into the
stilling basin through one or two under-
sluice bays of the weir or anicut next to
the canal regulator. It is usually one in
case of sandy reaches and two in the case
of rivers in shingle or bouhler stage. The
tunnels should be suitably throttled later-
ally or vertically or both as the conditions
may be to produce accelerating velocities
in the tunnels; maximum being at the exit
end so that sediment material once extrac-
ted does not deposit anywhere in the
tunnels.
Bend radius - Straight tunnels should be
preferred for the sediment excluders; how-
ever, if a bend becomes inevitable. Its
radius may vary from 5 to 10 times the
tunnels width.
Tranjitions - All transitions to piers, in
bellmouthing at top or sides should pre-
ferably be elliptical, the major axis being
in the direction of flow and two to three
times the minor axis.
6.3.3 Control Structure
The excluder tunnels are operated-by the under-
sluice gates. These should be regulated either for
the tunnels to run full bore or to remain comple-
tely closed.
6.3.4 Outfall Channels
No separate outfall channel is required for the
sediment excluders. As already mentioned above,
these outfall into the river downstream of the weir
or anicut through under-sluice bays. In the case
of shingle or boulder bed rivers a provision of
some additional contrivance, that is, a sort of
guide wall in the stilling basin may become
necessary to eliminate formation of big deposits
there.
6.3.5 Escapage Discharge and Minimum Morking
Head
The seepage discharge is generally governed by
sediment size and load. Escapage discharge of
15 to 20 percent of the canal discharge is generally
required. A minimum of 0.5 to 0.75 m of working
head is required for sediment excluders on sandy
rivers and minimum of 1.0 to 1~25 m is required
for excluders on shingle or boulder beds.
IS 6531 : X994
6.3.6 Losses in Tunnels
These should comprise friction losses and losses
at the bends and transitions and should be com-
puted by the following formulae:
a) Friction loss
where
hi = head loss in m,
V = velocity in m/ s,
L = length of tunnel in m,
N I- rugosity coefficient values of
rugosity coefficient ( .N ) for
various surfaces should be taken
as gi.ven in IS 10430 : 1982, and
R c hydraulic mean depth.
b) Loss due to bend
hb = f ( V2/2g ). ( 8/ 180 )
where
hb = loss Jue to bend,
f = 0.124 + 3.134 ( S/2r )lP,
g - acceleration due to gravity,
0 = angle of deviation in degrees,
S = width of tunnel in m, and
r = radius of bend along centre line of
tunnel in m.
c) Transitional loss due to change of velocity
in expansion
ho-K(+) - (9)
where
X = coefficient which may vary from 0.1
to 0.5 from gradual to abrupt tran-
sitions,
he 0 transitional loss due to change of
velocity in expansion,
V, and Vz = velocities before and after the
transition, and
g = acceleration due to gravity.
6.4 Design Criteria for Curved Channel
Sediment Excluder for Spate Irrigation
Headworks
The layout of curved channel sediment excluder
is shown in Fig. 3. Some factors relevant to such
a design are:
a) river flow variability,
b) sediment transport rates in the river,
c) availability of water for sluicing purposes*
9





IS 6531:1994
d) availability of head for sluicing purposes,
6.4.2 Water Requirement for Sluice Flow
and
A sluice flow of about 10 to 20 percent of the
canal flow be provided for sediment exclusion.
e) river mobility.
6.4.3 Tail Water Level
6.4.1 Principle of Design
Water surface in curved channel flow becomes
super elevated ( higher on the outside ) and a
spiral f l ow develops. The bottom current moves
towards the inside of bend, and in this region the
sediment will be moved away ~from the outside of
the bend provided the current is sufficiently
strong. For spate irrigation systems, the principle
can be used by constructing a suitably curved
local sluice and approach channel.
The efficiency of the curved channel sediment
excluder is strongly dependent upon tail water
level. For variation of tail water depths from 84
to 116 percent ( of weir crest height from down-
stream floor ) the efficiency varies from 75 to 30
percent. To preserve the curvature effect of the
sluice channel velocities should not be too low
and hence depths of flow should not be too large.
6.4.4 It is desirable to verify the hydraulic design
of curved channel sediment excluder through
model studies.
10





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