3-1

STAAD.Pro 2002 Getting Started

Tutorial
A portal frame type steel structure is sitting on concrete footings.
The soil is to be considered as an elastic foundation. The value of
soil subgrade reaction is known from which spring constants are
calculated by multiplying the subgrade reaction by the tributary
area of each modeled spring.

10'
10'
20'-0"
5K
5K
3 K/FT
3 K/FT
4'
8'
Typical Width
8 Ft.


Figure A

3-2


14
6
7 14
13
10
3
5
6
12
11
13
10'-0"
10'-0"
2' 2' 2' 2'
2' 2' 2' 2'
1 2 4 5
12 11 9 8
3 2 1 4 10 9 8 7
20'-0"


Figure B

Columns
*
5, 6, 11 and 12 W10X33 from AISC Table
Beams 13 and 14
*
W12X26 from AISC Table

*
All member (columns and beams) numbers are encircled while
node numbers are not.




3-3
1'-0"
1'-0"
4'-0"
8'-0"
8'-0"
4'-0"

Figure C

Magnified view of the column-footing junction
This layout represents beams 1-4 and 7-10 in the main model.



NOTE:
1) All dimensions are in feet.
2) Soil Subgrade Reaction - 250 kips/ft
3
.

Spring constant calculation

Spring of joints 1, 5, 8 & 12 = 8 x 1 x 250 = 2000 kips/ft
Spring of joints 2, 3, 4, 9, 10 & 11 = 8 x 2 x 250 = 4000 kips/ft

3-4
There are two methods of creating the structure data:

a) using the graphical model generation mode, or graphical
user interface (GUI) as it is usually referred to.
b) using the command file.

Both methods are explained in this chapter also. The graphical
method is explained first from section 1 onwards. Section
describes how to view the file using the STAAD.Pro Editor.

3-5

1. Starting The Program

Steps:

1. If you have already started the STAAD.Pro 2002 program, you can
skip this step. Select the STAAD.Pro icon from the STAAD.Pro
2002 program group.


Figure 3. 1
The STAAD.Pro Graphical Environment will be invoked.


3-6
The File New dialog box will prompt you to enter certain information
about the model. The explanations for each of these input items are as
follows:


Figure 3. 2

Data Item Explanation Required Input?
Structure Type
The explanations for
each of the structure
types are shown in the
space below the
checkboxes. In our
example, we will
choose Space
Yes
File Name
The name of your
STAAD file. This is
what the file will be
saved as. We will
Yes

3-7
choose My First
Model
Location
The directory (path) in
which this file will be
saved. You can use the
button to browse
for a directory.
Yes
Title
A brief comment about
your model in which to
identify your structure
at a future time. We
will use Portal Frame
with Sinking Supports
No
Length Units
Select the units of
length you wish to use
in the model. By
default, the units are
those that we chose
when installing the
program. We will keep
the default Foot
Yes
Force Units
Select the units of
force you wish to use
in the model. By
default, the units are
those that we chose
when installing the
program. We will keep
the default
KiloPound (kips)
Yes
Display this Dialog at
Startup
If checked, this dialog
box will always popup
when STAAD.Pro is
started. If it is
unchecked, you will
have to go to File |
New or File | Open
from the top menu bar
to access a file.
No


In the File New box in Figure 3.2, there is another tab labeled Recent
Files. When you come back into STAAD.Pro 2002, you can select this

3-8
tab and choose from a list that includes the last 20 files opened. In the
Recent Files tab-page, there is also another button labeled Other which
will allow you to open another STAAD file from anywhere on your
computer.
Configure Units
The units in which we wish to create this example model are the English
units (feet, kip, etc.). The default unit system setting is whatever we
chose during the installation of the program. Thus, the File New box in
Figure 3.2 will always start with the default English units. If you had
chosen Metric at the time of installation and want to change it to
English, go to the File | Configure menu option, click on the Base Unit
tab (see Figure 3.3) and choose the appropriate unit system. Then, click
on the Accept button.


Figure 3. 3

Once your input matches that of Figure 3.2, click on the Next button to
go to the next page.
In the next page of input, the program will prompt you on how or where
you would like to start using the program (see Figure 3.4)


3-9


. Figure 3. 4

A description of each of the choices is displayed below the picture. We
will select Edit Job Info so we can input some information about the
project including the client, engineers working on the project, etc. Click
Finish to enter the STAAD.Pro2002 environment in the Job Info page
(see Figure 3.5).











3-10







Figure 3. 5

Page Control -
work from top to
bottom
Main View you can create
multiple views for different
parts of your model and
view them simultaneously
Relational data grid
spreadsheets, assign dialogs
and data sheets for each page
in the Page Control. A quick
way to update your structure
non-graphically

3-11

2. Editing the Job Information Page

Topics: Adding information to your job, finding out the status
of your model

1. Once you have entered the STAAD.Pro graphical environment, you
can begin inputting information about your model in the Job Info
page. The Job Info information is optional and is used in the header
when printing your final reports. The information can be updated at
any time by simply clicking on the Setup button from the Page
Control tab (vertical buttons on the left-hand side of the screen).



Figure 3.6

The Job Info page (Figure 3.7) provides useful information about the
structure including when it was created, the size of the model and what
parameters are missing from the model (the latter two can be found by
clicking on the button from the Job Info page or the icon
from the toolbars on the top). The Info dialog box is shown in Figure 3.8.


3-12


Figure 3.7


3-13


Figure 3.8
If a box is not checked, that specific
command has not been added to your
model.

3-14

3. Creating Nodes 1 to 5 And Members 1 to 4

Topics: Using the construction grid lines to add nodes and
beams, roaming grid labels

1. From the page control tab on the left-hand side (vertical buttons),
select Geometry | Beam to begin adding beams to your model (by
default, this will also add nodes). You may also notice that
facilities for adding in Plates and Solids also exist. The following
steps can easily be applied to the creation of these other entities as
well.


Figure 3.9

2. In the Snap Node/Beam dialog box that appears in the Data Grid
area (on the right side of the screen), choose X-Y as the Plane.
Members 1 to 4 are located in the range of X = 0 to 8 and Y = 0 to
0. The construction lines, spaced 1ft apart, and numbering 10 along
the X direction (0 to the left of the origin, and 10 to the right of the
origin), and 10 along the Y direction (0 below the origin, 10 above
the origin) already allow us to draw a structure which spans 10ft
each in X and Y. So, there is no need to change the number of
construction lines horizontally or vertically. But, since members 1
to 4 are each 2ft long, it will be convenient to draw them if the grid
lines along X are set to 2ft apart. (It is interesting to note that, by
doing so, 11 construction lines the vertical line passing through
the origin counts as one line at 2ft spacing between adjacent lines

3-15
allow for a 20ft span along X.) Hence, set the Spacing of grid lines
along X to 2ft. (see Figure 3.10)


Figure 3. 10
Skew the angle of
the construction
grid plane about
an axis
Change the origin
of the grid line
Change the number
of gridlines to the left
and right of the
origin. To add in
coordinates with
negative values
(assuming origin is at
0,0,0), increase the
number of gridlines
to the left.
Add in roaming
gridlines so the
gridlines have
the coordinates
labeled on the
grid.
Click off (not depressed) to
turn off automatic snapping
and creating of

3-16
3. Using your left mouse button, click at the origin (0, 0) (marked by
a circle) to create the first node. Then, click on the following
points to create nodes 2-5 (see schematic of original structure in
Figure A).

(2, 0), (4, 0), (6, 0) and (8, 0).

We will notice that beams are automatically created between
successive nodes. Also, notice that the status bar (Figure 3.11)
located at the bottom right-hand corner of the window continuously
updates the X, Y, and Z coordinates of the current cursor position
when the mouse is moved over the drawing area. You can also turn
on the roaming grid labels (Figure 3.10) to see the coordinates on
the gridlines.



Figure 3.11

The Hot Node

The node highlighted in red is the hot node. The next click on the
grid will automatically create a beam from the hot node to the
next click. Each click will create a node at that point. To reset the
hot node, simply hold your Ctrl key down and click on another
point. After the nodes and beams have been created, the structure
will look as shown below.
The construction gridlines along with the Snap/Grid Node Beam
dialog box can be turned on/off at anytime through the icon
from the toolbar or from Geometry | Snap Grid/Node | Beam.


3-17

Figure 3. 12

4. To temporarily switch off the drawing mode, click on the Snap
Node | Beam button once again to deactivate the snap option.


Figure 3. 13

With Snap Node/Beam button in its dormant state, we will be
prevented from creating a member in the drawing area resulting
from accidental clicks of the mouse.

5. Let us save the file by going to the File | Save menu option.



3-18

3. Switching On Node and Beam Labels

Topics: Turning on labels, changing their look and modifying
display units

1. Nodes and beam labels are a way of identifying the entities we
have drawn on the screen. In order to display the node and beam
numbers, right click anywhere within the structure. In the dialog
box that opens, choose Labels (as shown in the figure below).
Alternatively, one may access this option by selecting the View
menu from the top menu bar followed by Structure Diagrams.
Select the Labels tab of the dialog box that opens. Most of the
widely-used functions can be accessed by right-clicking your
mouse in the main view.

From Main Menu By Right-Clicking

Figure 3.14




3-19
2. In the Diagrams dialog box that appears, turn the Node Numbers
and Beam Numbers on and then click on OK. (see figure below)



Figure 3.15

3-20
The following figure demonstrates the node and beam numbers
displayed on the structure.


Figure 3.16

By default, all beam, node, plate and solid labels are colored in
black. To change the colors and the positions of these labels, go to
View | Options from the main menu and click on the appropriate
tab (Node Labels for nodes, etc.)


3-21


Figure 3.17

In this example, we can offset the node labels by 7 pixels to the
right and 2 pixels up. Click on the Font button to change the
color to navy. Hit OK to have the settings take effect.

Turning On/Off Some Labels

To turn on/off the labels for some nodes or beams, you must first
create a group by selecting the entities you want in the group,
creating a new group (Tools | Create New Group) and then going to
Select | By Group to turn the group on or off.
Change the
display units for
length,
displacements,
etc.
Change cross-
sectional and
material
property units
Change the
output units
for forces,
moments and
loading

3-22
Structural Tool Tips

You can quickly find out critical information about a particular
entity (node, beam, plate, etc.) by selecting the selection cursor for
that entity (please refer to the Task Reference section at the end of
this chapter to learn about selecting entities) and then simply
hovering your mouse over the entity you want more information
about. You can customize what you want to see in the tool tip by
going to View | Structural Tool Tip Options.



3-23

4. Creating Member 5 and Node 6

Topics:

1. To create member 5, reactivate the drawing mode by clicking on
the Snap Node/Beam button again.



Figure 3.18


3-24
2. Then, click at node 3. Click again at the point (4, 10). We will see
that member 5 has been created as shown in Figure 3.19. In this
example, the roaming grid labels were turned on from Snap
Node/Beam dialog box so the point (4, 10) can be readily
identified.


Figure 3.19


3-25
3. At this point, let us close the Snap Node/Beam dialog box by
clicking on the Close button.
4. Let us also save the model we have created so far by going to the File |
Save menu option.


3-26

5. Creating Member 6 and Node 7

Topics: Selecting members, copy/paste

1. To create member 6, we shall utilize the Copy-Paste facility
available either under the Edit menu, right-clicking your mouse
button (Figure 3.20) or using the shortcut keys Ctrl + C and Ctrl
+ V. To apply this method, first select member 5. (Please refer to
the Task Reference section at the end of this chapter to learn
about selecting members.) Click the right mouse button and choose
Copy from the pop-up menu (or press Ctrl + C). Once again,
click the right mouse button and select Paste Beams (or press Ctrl
+ V) as shown below. It is important to note that STAAD.Pro
follows the Microsoft convention for all of its standard shortcuts
(CTRL+C, +V, +X, +Z, +Y and +A)



Figure 3.20





3-27
Quick Methods to Select Objects

Method Description When to use it
Selection icons
( for nodes,
for beams,
for plates,
for solids and
for all geometry)
Simply click on an
entity (described by
the selection cursor)
and click again to
deselect. Hold the
Ctrl key down to
perform multiple
selections.
When you want to
pick a few entities at
a time
Rubber band
window
Hold your left-
mouse button down
and drag your mouse
to create a window.
Everything within
that window will be
selected.
When you want to
select a lot of
entities at one time.
Ctrl + A Selects everything
on the screen
When you want to
select everything.
Select a row from
the grid table
Selects the entity
corresponding to
that row
When you want to
find an entity
without having to
turn on labels.

You can also go to the Select menu to find other ways of selecting
objects.

2. Since the two ends of member 6 are 10ft above the corresponding
nodes of beam 5, provide 0, 10, and 0 for X, Y and Z respectively
and click on the OK button. (see figure below). You could also use
the Reference Point button to graphically select the new position
to paste to.

3-28

Figure 3.21

The directions for X, Y and Z are respect to the global axis system.
The global axis system is displayed in the lower-left hand corner of
your main view. As we click on the OK button, the following
message box comes up. This is only a reminder that we need to
subsequently assign the required properties to these entities
somewhere down the line. Click on the OK button to continue.



Figure 3.22

The following figure shows the structure with the newly created
member 6.

3-29

Figure 3.23

3. Let us once again save the model by going to the File | Save menu
option.

Unlimited Undo and Redo and Deleting

You can Undo/Redo any action by simply clicking Ctrl + Z to undo or
Ctrl + Y to redo. Each action item that can be undone or redone is
listed in the main toolbar.

3-30

Figure 3.24

You can also delete an entity by either selecting it with the proper
selection cursor or by highlighting the row that corresponds to the
entity (on a data grid table) or hitting the Delete key on your
keyboard.

6. Creating Members 7 To 12 and Nodes 8 To 14

Topics: Mirror, Dimensioning

1. Looking at Figure A, it is apparent that the model is symmetric
about a vertical line passing through the points (14, 0, 0). Utilizing
the Mirror facility available under the Geometry menu, we can
mirror the first 6 members to create members 7 to 12.

Select the 6 existing members by rubber-banding a window around
them using the mouse. (Please refer to the Task Reference section
at the end of this chapter to learn more about selecting members.)
Then, go to Geometry | Mirror menu option as shown below.

3-31


Figure 3.25

2. In the Mirror dialog box that comes up, specify the Mirror Plane
as Y-Z, the Distance to Origin as 14ft and the Generate Mode as
Copy. Then, click on the OK button.


Figure 3.26

3-32


The following figure shows the structure after the mirroring has
been done.
Before After


Figure 3.27 Figure 3.28


3. Let us save our structure again by using the File | Save menu
option.

Verifying Distances

You can find out the distances between any two points by using the
dimension icon from the toolbars. Simply click on the starting point
and then the ending point and a dimension line will be drawn between the
two points. The Dimension icon will label all or some of the member
lengths in the model. You can also double-click on a member to find
information about its geometry as well.


3-33

7. Creating Members 13 and 14

Topics: Adding Beams in 3D, Viewing, Rotating

1. To complete the structure, we need to add beams between joints (6
and 13) and (7 and 14). To do that, either select the Add Beams
icon from the left side of the screen or, select the Add Beam
option under the Geometry menu from the top menu bar.



Figure 3.29

Notice that as we select the Add Beam option, the cursor changes
as shown below.



3-34

2. Click on the two nodes (6 and 13) in succession and notice that a
new beam (no. 13) has been created. Once you click on node 6, a
line will follow your cursor until you click on node 13. Repeat this
procedure by clicking between nodes 7 and 14 to create member
14. Once these are created, switch off the Add Beam option by
clicking on the Add Beams icon once again.

The structure will now look as shown below. (Please refer to the
Task Reference section at the end of this chapter to learn more
about viewing the structure from different angles.)

Isometric View Side View from +X


Figure 3.30 Figure 3.31


3. Select beams 1-4 and 7-10 by rotating the structure to its side
position (Figure 3.31). You can use the icon in the toolbar to
accomplish this. Use the rubber band window to select the bottom
beams by just creating a box around the bottom node (Figure 3.32).


3-35

Figure 3.32

4. Go the isometric view to verify that all the bottom beams have
been selected.



Figure 3.33

5. Right-click your mouse button and select the New View option to
create a window with just those beams in it.


3-36

Figure 3.33

6. From the dialog box that pops up, select Create a new window for
the view to make a new window separate from the main view but
visible at the same time.


Figure 3.34

7. Go to View | View Management | Save View and supply the name
of the view as Footings




3-37

Figure 3.35

8. This view has the same functionality as the original main view.
You can turn on the Snap/Node grid, add beams, turn on labels,
etc. It allows you the flexibility to work on a smaller part of the
model.
9. Close the new view (by clicking on the button on the view).
10. Let us save our model again by going to the File | Save menu
option.

The reason for creating a new view for this example is so that we can
look at the post-processing results for just the nodes/members in this
view. It is a great way to isolate a part of the structure and see how it
behaves.

Looking at the model in different views

The easiest way to rotate your model is to use the Up/Down and
Left/Right arrow keys on your keyboard. This will spin the
structure around very quickly.





3-38

8. Assigning Member Properties and Material
Constants

Topics: Properties, Materials, 3D Rendering, Assigning
Props/Materials

1. The next step is to define properties and constants for the members.
The commands we wish to generate are:

1 4 7 10 PRIS YD 1.0 ZD 8.0
2 3 8 9 PRIS YD 2.0 ZD 8.0
5 6 11 12 TABLE ST W10X33
13 14 TA ST W12X26

CONSTANTS
E 29000. MEMB 5 6 11 TO 14
E 3150. MEMB 1 TO 4 7 TO 10
DEN 0.283E-3 MEMB 5 6 11 TO 14
DEN 8.68E-5 MEMB 1 TO 4 7 TO 10
POISSON 0.3 MEMB 5 6 11 TO 14
POISSON 0.17 MEMB 1 TO 4 7 TO 10

These are the textual commands that get saved in your STAAD
input file. We will create these commands graphically. In the case
of constants, the values listed above for E, Poisson, Density, etc.
also happen to be the default values built into the program for steel
and concrete. Section 5.6.2 of the STAAD Technical Reference
Manual reinforces this fact. The advantage of this is that we can
use the property dialog boxes for assigning properties as well as
constants simultaneously, instead of assigning them in separate
operations. Once you learn how to use the Assign dialog box,
assigning loads, member specifications, supports, etc. are done
in a similar manner.


3-39
2. To do this, select General | Property Page from the page control
buttons on the left side of the screen.



Figure 3.36

Alternatively, you can click on the icon from the toolbar to
open the same page. The shortcut icons allow you to open up
multiple assign boxes (properties, supports, loads, etc.) at the same
time. The page control action (Figure 3.36) changes the layout of
your interface by opening the accompanying spreadsheets (data
grids) for that page and automatically turns on labels associated
with that page.

3-40
3. The rectangular cross sections, characterized by the YD and ZD
options, for members 1 to 4 and 7 to 10 are created from the dialog
boxes available under the Define button in the Properties dialog
box as shown below. This is where you would go when you need to
create non-standard shapes (rectangles, circles, trapezoids, general,
etc.)


Figure 3. 37

4. In the Prismatic Property dialog box that comes up, select the
Rectangle tab. Notice that the field called Material is presently on
the checked mode. If we keep it that way, the material properties
of concrete (E, Poisson, Density, Alpha, etc.) will be assigned
along with the cross-section name. The material property values
assigned will be the program defaults. Since we wish to go with the
defaults for concrete, we will leave that box as it is, namely,
checked. Enter 1.0 for YD and 8.0 for ZD. Finally, click on the Add
button as shown below.


3-41

Figure 3.38

5. To create the rectangular section that will eventually be assigned to
members 2, 3, 8 and 9, repeat the Step 4 and enter 2.0 for YD and
8.0 for ZD. Close the dialog box by clicking on the Close button.

Before you can actually assign properties to members, you must create
them first. This is what steps 4 and 5 are accomplishing.

Inputting values in any unit system

A quick way to add in values in any unit system in almost any dialog box
is to hit the F2 button on your keyboard when your mouse is positioned
in the edit box (i.e. YD or ZD boxes for Figure 3.38).


3-42

Figure 3.39

You can even type in fractions (5 ) and use feet and inch symbols.
Press Ctrl + Q to see a list of unit options.

6. The next property type we wish to create is the W shape from the
AISC table. This is available under the Database button in the
Properties dialog box as shown below.




Figure 3.40


3-43
7. In the Select Country dialog box that appears, choose the country
name whose steel table you want to use, in our case, American.
Then, click on OK.


Figure 3.41

8. In the American Steel Table dialog box, select the W Shape tab.
Once again, notice that the Material box is checked. Let us keep it
that way because it will enable us to subsequently assign the
material constants E, Density, Poisson, etc. along with the cross-
section since we want to assign the default values as explained in
step 4.

Choose W10X33 as the beam size, ST as the section type and click
on the Add button as shown in the figure below. Detailed
explanation of the terms such as ST, T, CM, TC, BC, etc. is
available in Section 5 of the STAAD Technical Reference Manual.


3-44

Figure 3.42

9. Repeat this procedure and select W12X26 as the beam size. This is
the section we intend to assign to members 13 and 14. Click on the
Close button to close the property selection dialog box.

At this point, the Properties dialog box will look as shown below:

3-45

Figure 3.43

10. The next step is to associate or apply these created properties to
the appropriate members. To do that, using the mouse, select the
first property type in the Properties dialog box.


Figure 3.44


3-46
11. Open the view we created previously containing the bottom footing
members by going to View | Open View and select the view called
Footings. Make sure the option Create a new window for the
view is selected. Click on OK to open this view.


Figure 3.45

Then, select members 1, 4, 7 and 10 using either the Beams Cursor
or, by going to Select | By List | Beams menu option and
specifying the beam numbers in the Enter List box. (Please refer to
the Task Reference section at the end of this chapter to learn
more about selecting members or Section 5 of this tutorial.)


3-47

Figure 3.46

Notice that as we select the members, the Assignment Method
automatically sets to Assign to Selected Beams. Click on the Assign
button.


Figure 3.47


3-48


After the property has been assigned, the model will look as shown
below.


Figure 3.48

Click anywhere in the drawing area to un-highlight the members.
You can display the property names on the section itself by right-
clicking your mouse button, choose Labels and click on the
Sections option under Properties. Please note that turning on labels
on one view does not automatically turn them on for other views.
You must handle each view separately.


3-49


Figure 3.49

12. To demonstrate another way of assigning properties, choose Use
Cursor to Assign from the Assign properties dialog box. Select the
property Rect 24.00 x 96.00 and click on the Assign button.
Your cursor will change to look like this: . Click on members
2,3,8 and 9 (in the view labeled Footings) to assign the
properties. Assign the remaining properties to the members as
listed below. You can use the method listed either Step 11 or Step
12.

Property Name Members To
Be Assigned
ST W10X33 5, 6, 11, 12
ST W12X26 13, 14

Click anywhere in the drawing area to un-highlight the members.

After all the properties have been assigned, the model will look as
shown below.


3-50

Figure 3.50

Let us close the Properties dialog box as shown below.


Figure 3. 4


3-51
13. Let us again save the work we have done so far. From the File
menu, select Save, to save the file. You can close the Footings
view as well.
14. Turn on the 3D section view of the model by right clicking your
mouse button and selecting Structure Diagrams


Figure 3.51

Click on the option Full Sections under 3D sections to draw the
3D sections. You can also change the color of the sections by
clicking on the Section Outline color button under the Colors
section. Click on OK.

3-52

Figure 3.52

The resulting diagram is shown in Figure 3.53 below.


3-53


Figure 3.53

Some notes on properties

1. You can change a property in the assign dialog box by simply
double-clicking on it and updating the values. You can also
delete it by clicking on the Delete button on your keyboard.
2. You can see what properties have been assigned to what
members by checking the Highlight Assigned Geometry box
in the assign dialog.
3. A true 3D rendering with lighting and shading can be viewed
by clicking on the icon from the toolbar or right-clicking
your mouse button.




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9. Assigning Supports

Topics: Creating and assigning spring supports

1. The commands we wish to generate are:

2 TO 4 9 TO 11 FIXED BUT MZ KFY 4000.
1 5 8 12 FIXED BUT MZ KFY 2000.

These are the textual commands that get saved in your STAAD
input file. We will create these commands graphically. To access
the dialog boxes for choosing the appropriate type of support, we
select the General | Support Page from the left side of the screen or
by clicking on the icon from the toolbars. In the Supports
dialog box that subsequently pops up, click on the Add button to
create a support type like we created a property in Section 8.



Figure 3.54

3-55

2. In the Create Support dialog box that opens, select the Fixed But
tab. Select MZ under Release and enter 4000 kip/ft as the spring
constant for KFY under Define Spring. (This creates a FIXED type
of support for all degrees of freedom except a) MZ and b) the
translational degree of freedom FY is not fully restrained but
represented by a spring having a spring constant of 4000 kip/ft.)
Click on the Create button.


Figure 3.55

3. To create the second spring that will eventually be assigned to
nodes 1, 5, 8 and 12, repeat the above procedure but specify 2000
kip/ft for KFY instead of 4000.


3-56
4. The next step is to associate these created supports with specific
joints. Click on the first support specification (Support 2) in the
Supports dialog box.


Figure 3.56

5. Then, select the following nodes:

2, 3, 4, 9, 10, 11

To select these nodes, click on these nodes (holding the Ctrl key
down) on the drawing or use the rubber band window using the
Nodes Cursor . Alternatively, go to Select | By List | Nodes
menu option, and in the Select Nodes dialog box, type the node
numbers in the Enter list box. (Please refer to the Task Reference
section at the end of this chapter to learn more about selecting
nodes or Section 5 of this tutorial.)

Notice that as we select the nodes, the Assignment Method
automatically sets to Assign to Selected Nodes. Click on the
Assign button in the Specifications dialog box.


Figure 3.57

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The assignment box works and behaves the same way as the
Property Assignment box in Section 8.

6. In a similar fashion, assign the second support (Support 3) to nodes
1, 5, 8 and 12.

After both the supports have been assigned, the structure will look
as shown below:


Figure 3.58

7. Let us save our model again by going to the File | Save menu
option.

Quick methods to graphically change supports

1. You can select the Support Edit Cursor from the toolbar or
from Select | Support Edit Cursor from the main menu and double-
click on the support directly to modify it.

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2. You can change a support in the assign dialog box by simply double-
clicking on it. This will change all nodes that have been assigned this
support.
3. Using the Supported Nodes spreadsheet, you can change the support
type for a node by changing the support reference in the Support
column.


Figure 3.59
To change this
support from S3
(Support 3) to no
support, simply
erase the contents
of the cell.

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10. Specifying Loads

Topics: Creating and assigning selfweight loads, nodal loads,
member loads; viewing load values; creating load combinations

1. Load assignments are done from the General | Load Page as shown
below. You can also access this page by clicking on the icon
from the toolbars.



Figure 3.60

For this example, we wish to generate the following load data using
the graphical environment.

LOADING 1 Self Weight
SELF Y -1.0
LOADING 2 Dead Load
MEMBER LOAD
13 14 UNI GY -3.0

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LOADING 3 Wind Load
JOINT LOAD
6 7 FX 5.0
LOAD COMB 4 Combination of 1+2+3
1 1.0 2 1.0 3 1.0

In the Set Active Primary Load Case dialog box that comes up,
enter Self Weight as the title for Load Case 1 and click on OK.


Figure 3.61

2. The Loads dialog box will now appear in the data area on the right
hand side of the screen. To generate and assign the selfweight load
type, click on the Selfweight button.

3-61

Figure 3.62

3. In the Selfweight Load dialog box, specify the Direction as Y, and
enter the Factor as -1.0. Since the selfweight of the structure is to
be applied on the entire model, click on the Assign button. If you
dont want to specify a selfweight for certain members, you can
assign a density of zero to those members through Commands |
Material Constants | Density.


Figure 3.63


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4. Create another Primary Load Case by clicking on the New
Primary.. button in the assign loads dialog box. Provide the title
of this load case (Load Case 2) as Dead Load as shown in Figure
3.64 below.


Figure 3.64

5. To create the member load, click on the Member button in the
Loads dialog box.

Figure 3.65


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We could either adopt the method of creating the member load
first and then applying it to the members using the Assign Cursor
or selecting the beams first and then using the Assign to selected
beams option. We will choose the former.

6. In the Beam Loads dialog box that comes up, select the Uniform
Force tab. Specify GY as the Direction and enter 3.0 as the Force.
Then, click on the Add button.


Figure 3.66

At this point, the Loads dialog box will look as shown below.


Figure 3.67

3-64

7. The next step is to associate the member load with members 13 and
14. We shall use a method of assignment called Use Cursor to
Assign.

Notice from the previous figure that the member load (UNI GY -3)
in the Loads selection box is already highlighted. If it is not
highlighted, click on it to highlight it.

Click on the Use Cursor To Assign option and click on the
Assign button. Your cursor should turn into this:



Figure 3.68

8. Click on members 13 and 14 to assign the member loads to those
members. Turn on the load values on the main view by right-
clicking your mouse button and choosing Labels. Check the
Load Values option under the Loading Display Options.


3-65

Figure 3.69

Your structure (for Load Case 2) will look like Figure 3.70.

3-66

Figure 3.70


9. Create another Primary Load Case by clicking on the New
Primary.. button in the assign loads dialog box. Provide the title
of this load case (Load Case 3) as Wind Load as shown in Figure
3.71 below.


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Figure 3.71

10. Joint loads are created through the dialog boxes available under
the Nodal type of loads.

Since we know that these loads are to be assigned to nodes 6 and 7,
let us first select those nodes prior to creating the load itself. To
select these nodes, click on the nodes on the drawing using the
Nodes Cursor . Alternatively, go to Select | By List | Nodes
menu option, and in the Select Nodes dialog box, type the node
numbers 6 and 7 in the Enter list box. (Please refer to the Task
Reference section at the end of this chapter to learn more about
selecting nodes or Section 5 of this tutorial.)

11. After selecting the nodes, click on the Nodal button.

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Figure 3.72

12. In the Node Loads dialog box that comes up, enter 5.0 for Fx. We
can straightaway click on the Assign button to apply these loads on
the selected joints. Remember, you can also use the other
assignment choices listed in Figure 3.72 depending on the
situation.


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Figure 3.73
The dialog box will be automatically closed and the structure for
Load Case 3 will now look as shown below.


Figure 3.74

3-70


To view the loads for different load cases, simply choose the load
case from the drop-down combo-box in the toolbars.



Figure 3.75

13. The final load case we need to create is a load combination. Click
on the Combine button from the load assign box.


Figure 3.76

14. Once the Define Combinations dialog box pops up, click on the
New button to create a new load combination.


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Figure 3.77

15. Provide the name Combination of 1+2+3 and click on OK.


Figure 3.78

16. Select all the load cases from the left-hand side and click on the
button to create a combination which applies a factor of 1.0
to each case and adds them up. Click on OK.

3-72

Figure 3.79

You can view the load values for the load combination on the
structure from the drop-down combo-box in the toolbars.

17. Click anywhere on the screen to un-highlight the members. Let us
also save our model again by going to the File | Save menu option.

Quick methods to graphically change loads

1. You can select the Load Edit Cursor from the toolbar or
Select | Load Edit Cursor from the main menu and simply
double-click on a load in the view window to change the values
of the load.
2. You can double-click on the load definition from the load
assign dialog box.
3. Check the Toggle Load box when assigning loads to assign
and un-assign specific loads to nodes, members, plates or
solids.
4. Use the spreadsheets!

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11. Specifying the Analysis Command

Topics: Adding analysis commands; selecting results to be
included in the STAAD output file

1. The next step is to assign the commands to perform the analysis
and report the analysis results. We wish to generate the following
commands in the graphical environment:

PERFORM ANALYSIS PRINT STATICS CHECK
PRINT ANALYSIS RESULTS

The PERFORM ANALYSIS command tells STAAD.Pro to do a
normal linear-static analysis. The PRINT STATICS CHECK
performs and prints out an equilibrium check. The PRINT
ANALYSIS RESULTS prints displacements, reactions and
member forces in the output file. To do this, first go to
Analysis/Print Page from the left side of the screen. Then, click on
the Analysis sub-page from the second row of pages as shown
below.

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Figure 3.80

2. Click on the Define Commands button in the data area on the right
hand side of the screen.


Figure 3.81

3. In the Analysis/Print Commands dialog box that appears, select the
Statics Check print option. Then, click on the Add button followed
by the Close button. This will add the command PERFORM
ANALYSIS PRINT STATICS CHECK to the input file.


3-75

Figure 3.82

4. The dialog box for specifying the PRINT ANALYSIS RESULTS
command is located in the Post-Print sub-page of the Analysis
page.


3-76


Figure 3.83

5. Click on the Define Commands button in the data area on the right
hand side of the screen.


Figure 3.84

6. In the Analysis/Print Commands dialog box that appears, select the
Analysis Results tab. Then, click on the Add button followed by the
Close button.


3-77

Figure 3.85

This concludes the task of assigning all the data to the
structure. Let us Save the file one final time.

















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12. Viewing the Input Command File

Topics: STAAD input file (.STD file); STAAD Editor;
manipulating the model using STAAD script commands

1. Let us now take a look at the data that has been written into the file
that we just saved above. The contents of the file can be viewed
either by clicking on the STAAD Editor icon or, by going to the
Edit menu and choosing Edit Input Command File as shown below.



Figure 3.86



Figure 3.87


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A new window will open up with the data listed as shown here:


Figure 3.88

This window and the facilities it contains is known as the STAAD
Editor.

We could make modifications to the data of our structure in this
Editor if we wish to do so. Let us Exit the Editor without doing so
by selecting the File | Exit menu option of the editor window (not
the File | Exit menu of the main window behind the editor window).

If you understand the STAAD command language, you can create
the part of or the entire model by typing the commands in the
Editor (or any other Editor of your choice), instead of using the
graphical method explained in the previous sections. The Editor
provides a quick way of making changes to your model.

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13. Performing the Analysis and Design

STAAD.Pro performs analysis and design simultaneously. In order
to perform the analysis and design, select the Run Analysis option
from the Analyze menu or press Ctrl + F5 on your keyboard.


Figure 3.89

If the structure has not been saved after the last change was made,
you should save the structure first by using the Save command from
the File menu.

When you select the Run Analysis option from the Analyze menu,
the following dialog box appears:


Figure 3.90

We are presented with the choice of 2 engines: the STAAD engine
and the STARDYNE Advanced Analysis engine. The STARDYNE
Analysis engine is suitable for advanced problems such as Buckling
Analysis, Modal Extraction using various methods, fatigue
analysis, etc. However, if the calculations call for steel or concrete
design, UBC load generation, etc., we have to select the STAAD

3-81
engine. Most of your analysis will probably be done through the
STAAD engine.

Let us set the radio button on the STAAD engine. The STAAD
Design Code tab in Figure 3.90 is used to select the design code to
be used, if you have installed multiple design codes. Also, if you
purchased the standard package, and no additional codes, you
should select the design engine that was supplied with the standard
package such as, US for American buyers, British for British
buyers, and so on.

Click on that tab and make sure the standard US concrete and steel
codes are selected.


Figure 3.91

Click on the Run Analysis button.

As the Analysis progresses, several messages appear on the screen
as shown in the figure below.


3-82

Figure 3.92


You are presented with three options. The View Output File
option will invoke the STAAD Viewer with all of the analysis
results presented in a textual format. The Go to Post Processing
Mode option will take you to the STAAD.Pro Post-processor
where you can graphically view your results. The Stay in
Modeling Mode option will keep you in the Pre-processor or
modeling environment. Select the first option (View Output File)
and Click on the Done button.


3-83

14. Viewing the Output File

During the analysis process, STAAD.Pro creates an Output file.
This file provides important information on whether the analysis
was performed properly. For example, if STAAD.Pro encounters an
instability problem during the analysis process, it will be reported
in the output file.

If you successfully followed Section 13, the output file should be
displayed. We can also access the output file at any time by
selecting File | View | Output File | STAAD Output option from the
top menu or by clicking on the icon. The STAAD.Pro output
file for the problem we just ran is shown in the next few pages.



Figure 3.93

The STAAD.Pro output file is displayed through a file viewer
called SproView. This viewer allows us to set the text font for the
entire file and print the output file to a printer. Use the appropriate
File menu option from the SproView menu bar.


3-84

Figure 3.94

By default, the output file contains a listing of the entire Input also.
You may choose not to print the echo of the Input commands in the
Output file. Please select Commands | Miscellaneous | Set Echo
option from the menu bar and select the Echo Off button.

It is quite important that we browse through the entire output file
and make sure that the results look reasonable, that there are no
error messages or warnings reported, etc. Errors encountered
during the analysis and design can disable access to the Post-
processing mode the graphical screens where results can be
viewed graphically. All errors in the model will be reported in the
STAAD output file. The information presented in the output file is
a crucial indicator of whether or not the structure satisfies the
engineering requirements of safety and serviceability.


3-85
P R O B L E M S T A T I S T I C S
-----------------------------------
NUMBER OF JOINTS/MEMBER+ELEMENTS/SUPPORTS = 14/ 14/
10
ORIGINAL/FINAL BAND-WIDTH= 7/ 3/ 20 DOF
TOTAL PRIMARY LOAD CASES = 3, TOTAL DEGREES OF FREEDOM
= 44
SIZE OF STIFFNESS MATRIX = 1 DOUBLE KILO-WORDS
REQRD/AVAIL. DISK SPACE = 12.0/ 14278.8 MB, EXMEM =
76.0 MB

PORTAL FRAME WITH SINKING SUPPORTS --
PAGE NO. 3
***TOTAL APPLIED LOAD ( KIP FEET ) SUMMARY (LOADING 1 )
SUMMATION FORCE-X = 0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = -31.16
SUMMATION FORCE-Z = 0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGIN-
MX= 0.00 MY= 0.00 MZ= -
436.19
***TOTAL REACTION LOAD( KIP FEET ) SUMMARY (LOADING 1 )
SUMMATION FORCE-X = 0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = 31.16
SUMMATION FORCE-Z = 0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGIN-
MX= 0.00 MY= 0.00 MZ=
436.19
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENTS ( INCH /RADIANS) (LOADING 1)
MAXIMUMS AT NODE
X = 6.42833E-05 7
Y = -1.23773E-02 14
Z = 0.00000E+00 0
RX= 0.00000E+00 0
RY= 0.00000E+00 0
RZ= 4.58081E-05 14
***TOTAL APPLIED LOAD ( KIP FEET ) SUMMARY (LOADING 2 )
SUMMATION FORCE-X = 0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = -120.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Z = 0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGIN-
MX= 0.00 MY= 0.00 MZ= -
1680.00

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***TOTAL REACTION LOAD( KIP FEET ) SUMMARY (LOADING 2 )
SUMMATION FORCE-X = 0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = 120.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Z = 0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGIN-
MX= 0.00 MY= 0.00 MZ=
1680.00
PORTAL FRAME WITH SINKING SUPPORTS --
PAGE NO. 4
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENTS ( INCH /RADIANS) (LOADING 2)
MAXIMUMS AT NODE
X = -7.42318E-03 14
Y = -8.42445E-02 14
Z = 0.00000E+00 0
RX= 0.00000E+00 0
RY= 0.00000E+00 0
RZ= 5.28974E-03 14
***TOTAL APPLIED LOAD ( KIP FEET ) SUMMARY (LOADING 3 )
SUMMATION FORCE-X = 10.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = 0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Z = 0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGIN-
MX= 0.00 MY= 0.00 MZ= -
150.00
***TOTAL REACTION LOAD( KIP FEET ) SUMMARY (LOADING 3 )
SUMMATION FORCE-X = -10.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Y = 0.00
SUMMATION FORCE-Z = 0.00
SUMMATION OF MOMENTS AROUND THE ORIGIN-
MX= 0.00 MY= 0.00 MZ=
150.00
MAXIMUM DISPLACEMENTS ( INCH /RADIANS) (LOADING 3)
MAXIMUMS AT NODE
X = 6.34271E-01 7
Y = 1.90142E-02 1
Z = 0.00000E+00 0
RX= 0.00000E+00 0
RY= 0.00000E+00 0
RZ= -2.35485E-03 6
************ END OF DATA FROM INTERNAL STORAGE ************
51. PRINT ANALYSIS RESULTS

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15. Post-Processing

STAAD.Pro offers extensive result verification and visualization
facilities. These facilities are accessed from the Post-Processing
Mode. The Post-Processing mode is used to verify the analysis and
design results and generate reports.

For this session, we shall perform the following tasks:

Display deflection diagrams
Annotate Displacements
Change the display units for displacement values shown in
the tables
Switch between load cases for viewing deflection diagrams
Review the Nodes Displacement Table
Animate the sectional displacements


3-88

15.1 Going To The Post-Processing Mode

Topics: Invoking the Post-processor

1. To access the Post-Processing mode, we can either click on the
Post-Processing icon from the top toolbar or select it from the
Mode menu as shown in the figures below.


Figure 3.95



Figure 3. 96


3-89
2. The Results Setup dialog box appears as shown below. Here we
can select the load cases for which to display the results. Let us
select the load case from the Available selection box and click on
the button. Then, click on the OK button. The dialog box will
look like the one shown below.


Figure 3.97



3-90

15.2 Viewing The Deflection Diagram

The screen will now look like the figure shown below.



Figure 3.98




The diagram currently on display is the node deflection diagram for
load case 1 (SELFWEIGHT). The title at the bottom of the diagram
is indicative of that aspect.

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If you, lets say, wandered off into any other result diagram, and
wanted to get back to the deflection diagram, just select the Node |
Displacement tab along the page control area on the left side.



Figure 3.99

The option for selecting the deflection diagram is also available
from another facility - the Results | Deflection menu option - as
shown below.


Figure 3.100

3-92

15.3 Switching Between Load Cases For Viewing The
Deflection Diagram

Topics: Methods to graphically view results from different load
cases

1. We can change the load case for which to view the deflection
diagram by selecting a load case in the list box called Active Load.
See Figure 3.98 Alternatively, either click on the Symbols and
Labels icon or right-click your mouse and select Structure
Diagrams as shown below.





Figure 3.101


3-93
2. In either case, the Diagrams dialog box comes up. Select the
Loads and Results tab and choose the desired load case from the
Load Case list box. You can also turn on the load icons as well as
other force diagrams by simply checking on the desired boxes.
Click on OK once you have made your selections.


Figure 3.102

3-94

15.4 Changing The Size Of The Deflection Diagram

Steps: Scaling diagrams

1. If the diagram appears too imperceptible, it may be because it may
be drawn to too small a scale. To change the scale of the deflection
plot, you may

a) click on the Scale icon from the toolbars or



Figure 3.103

b) choose Scale from the Results menu or


Figure 3.104

c) right-click your mouse and choose Structure Diagrams and
then select the Labels tab.

3-95


Figure 3.105

2. Check on the Apply immediately box to see the effects of the
scaling immediately. In the Displacement field, specify a smaller
number than what is currently listed. The deflection diagram should
now be larger. In Figure 3.105, the number provided is 0.1 in per
ft. This means that for every 0.1 inches of deflection, the program
will scale it to 1 ft. Click on OK to close the box.


3-96

15.5 Annotating Displacements

Annotation is the process of displaying the displacement values on
the screen.

Topics: Annotating values
1. Select the View Value option from the Results menu.

Figure 3.106


3-97
2. The following dialog box comes up. From the Ranges tab, select
All nodes. If you wish to annotate deflection for just a few nodes,
specify the node numbers in the node list. You can only use
commas and hyphens as separators (i.e. 1,3,5 or 1-6,8)

Figure 3.107

We will annotate the results for all nodes. So, keep the button on
All.

3-98
3. From the Node tab, check the Resultant option. Resultant stands for
the square root of sum of the squares of the values of X, Y and Z
displacements. Click the Annotate button to view the values on the
structure. Click the Close button to close the dialog box.

Figure 3.108

The following figure shows the annotated deflection diagram for
load case 3 (Wind Load).


3-99

Figure 3.109

I cant see my annotations!!!

You can only annotate the values for a particular result if and only
if the result diagram is displayed. For example, if you want to
annotate the maximum bending moment values about the Z-axis,
you must turn on the M
z
diagram.

3-
100

15.6 Changing the Units in which Displacement
Values are Annotated

The units in which displacement values are displayed in the post-
processing mode are referred to as the display units.

Topics: Changing Display Units

1. Display units may be modified from the Tools | Set Current
Display Unit menu option as shown below.


Figure 3.110


3-
101
2. In the Options dialog box that comes up, select the Structure Units
tab. Change the Dimensions of Displacement from feet to say, cm
or inches or anything else you desire, and select OK. The diagram
will be updated to reflect the new units.


Figure 3.111

You can also change the number of decimal places to be shown for
each value as well.
Change
number of
decimal
places
shown

3-
102
The following figure shows the annotations of the deflection
diagram in centimeters.


Figure 3.112


3-
103
15.7 The Node Displacement Table

Upon entering the Post-Processing mode, the first screen that we
came across is shown below.


Figure 3.113

For the Node | Displacement page on the left side, notice that there
are 2 tables displayed along the right side. The upper table, called
the Node Displacements Table, lists the displacement values for
every node for every selected load case. Load cases may be
selected or de-selected for the purpose of this table from the
Results | Select Load Case menu. The lower table is called the
Beam Relative Displacement Table.


3-
104
If you happen to close down any of these tables, you can restore
them from the View | Tables menu or by right-clicking your mouse
button and selecting Tables .



Figure 3.54

The Node Displacement table window has two tabs: All and
Summary (see figure below).



Figure 3.115

3-
105
All - This tab presents all nodal displacements in tabular form for
all load cases and all degrees of freedom.



Figure 3.116

Summary - This tab, shown in the figure below, presents the
maximum and minimum nodal displacements (translational and
rotational) for each degree of freedom. All nodes and all Load
Cases specified during the Results Setup are considered. Maximum
values for all degrees of freedom (in bold type) are presented with
the corresponding Node of occurrence and Load Case number
(L/C).



Figure 3.117

Maximum values are in bold

3-
106
For the Beam Relative Displacement table, the details are as
follows:

All - The All tab presents the displacements of members at
intermediate section points. All specified members and all
specified load cases are included. The table shows displacements
along the local axes of the members, as well as their resultants.

Max Displacements - The Max Displacements tab presents the
summary of maximum sectional displacements (see figure below).
This table includes the maximum displacement values and location
of its occurrence along the member, for all specified members and
all specified load cases. The table also provides the ratio of the
span length of the member to the resultant maximum section
displacement of the member.



Figure 3.118


3-
107
The sub-pages under the Node page are described below in brief.

Page Sub-Page Purpose
Node Displacement
Displays nodal displacements along with
tabular results for Node-Displacements and
sectional Beam displacements.
Reactions
Displays support reactions on the drawing as
well as in a tabular form.
Modes
Displays mode shapes for the selected Mode
shape number. The eigenvectors are
simultaneously displayed in tabular form.
This Page appears only for dynamic analyses
cases, namely, response spectrum, time
history, and if modal calculations are
requested.

Time History
Displays Time history plots, for time history
analysis. This sub-page too will appear only if
time history analysis is performed.


Other methods to view nodal results

1) Select the nodes cursor and double-click on any node. You can
simply double-click from node to node without having to close the
dialog box.

2) Go to View | Structural Tool Tip Options and select the node
displacements you want to appear when the mouse is placed over
any node. Make sure you have selected the nodes cursor before
placing your mouse over a node.

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108
TASK REFERENCE


A. Selecting nodes, beams, plates, etc.

The Selection Toolbar




3-
109
Icon Corresponding Menu/Sub-menu
options
Purpose Description

Nodes
Cursor
Select | Nodes Cursor

Used to
select nodes
graphically
First, select the
Nodes Cursor.
Then, click on
the nodes you
wish to select.
To select
multiple nodes,
hold down the
Control key while
selecting.

Beams
Cursor
Select | Beams Cursor

Used to
select nodes
graphically
First, select the
Beams Cursor.
Then, click on
the members you
wish to select.
To select
multiple
members, hold
down the Control
key while
selecting.

Plates
Cursor
Select | Plates Cursor

Used to
select plates
graphically
First, select the
Plates Cursor.
Then, click on
the plates you
wish to select.
To select
multiple plates,
hold down the
Control key while
selecting.

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110
Icon Corresponding Menu/Sub-menu
options
Purpose Description

Solids
Cursor
Select | Solids Cursor

Used to
select solids
graphically
First, select the
Solids Cursor.
Then, click on
the solids you
wish to select.
To select
multiple solids,
hold down the
Control key while
selecting.

Geometry
Cursor
Select | Geometry Cursor

Used to
select any
geometry
graphically.
It is a
mechanism
for selecting
nodes,
beams,
plates and
solids, or,
any
combination
of these,
simultaneou
sly.
First, select the
Geometry
Cursor. Then,
click on the
entity you wish to
select. To select
multiple entities,
hold down the
Control key while
selecting.

Text Label
Cursor
Select | Text Cursor

Used to
enter the
mode for
editing pre-
created text
labels
To edit any pre-
created text,
first, select the
Text Label
Cursor. Then,
double-click on
the text that you
wish to modify.


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111
B. Viewing the structure from different angles

The Rotation Toolbar





3-
112

Icon Description Example


Front View
Displays the structure as seen
from the front. When the
global Y axis is vertical, this is
the X-Y plane view.


Side View
Displays the structure as seen
from the side. When the
global Y axis is vertical, this is
the Y-Z plane view.


Plan View
Displays the structure as seen
from the top. When the global
Y axis is vertical, this is the X-
Z plane view.


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Icon Description Example

Isometric
View
Displays the structure in the
isometric view.