Design Example of A Six Storey Building: Dr. H. J. Shah

Document No. :: IITK-GSDMA-EQ26-V3.
0
Final Report :: A - Earthquake Codes
IITK-GSDMA Project on Building Codes

Design Example of a Six Storey
Building
by

Dr. H. J. Shah
Department of Applied Mechanics
M. S. University of Baroda
Vadodara

Dr. Sudhir K Jain
Department of Civil Engineering
Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur
Kanpur

This document has been developed under the project on Building Codes
sponsored by Gujarat State Disaster Management Authority, Gandhinagar
at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur.
The views and opinions expressed are those of the authors and not
necessarily of the GSDMA, the World Bank, IIT Kanpur, or the Bureau of
Indian Standards.
Comments and feedbacks may please be forwarded to:
Prof. Sudhir K Jain, Dept. of Civil Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur
208016, email: [email protected]

Design Example of a Building
IITK-GSDMA-EQ26-V3.0 Page 3
Example Seismic Analysis and Design of a Six Storey Building
Problem Statement:
A six storey building for a commercial complex has plan dimensions as shown in Figure 1. The building is
located in seismic zone III on a site with medium soil. Design the building for seismic loads as per IS 1893
(Part 1): 2002.
General
1. The example building consists of the main
block and a service block connected by
expansion joint and is therefore structurally
separated (Figure 1). Analysis and design for
main block is to be performed.

2 The building will be used for exhibitions, as an
art gallery or show room, etc., so that there are
no walls inside the building. Only external
walls 230 mm thick with 12 mm plaster on
both sides are considered. For simplicity in
analysis, no balconies are used in the building.

3. At ground floor, slabs are not provided and the
floor will directly rest on ground. Therefore,
only ground beams passing through columns
are provided as tie beams. The floor beams are
thus absent in the ground floor.

4. Secondary floor beams are so arranged that
they act as simply supported beams and that
maximum number of main beams get flanged
beam effect.

5. The main beams rest centrally on columns to
avoid local eccentricity.

6. For all structural elements, M25 grade concrete
will be used. However, higher M30 grade
concrete is used for central columns up to
plinth, in ground floor and in the first floor.

7. Sizes of all columns in upper floors are kept the
same; however, for columns up to plinth, sizes
are increased.

8. The floor diaphragms are assumed to be rigid.

9. Centre-line dimensions are followed for
analysis and design. In practice, it is advisable
to consider finite size joint width.

10. Preliminary sizes of structural components are
assumed by experience.

11. For analysis purpose, the beams are assumed
to be rectangular so as to distribute slightly
larger moment in columns. In practice a beam
that fulfils requirement of flanged section in
design, behaves in between a rectangular and a
flanged section for moment distribution.

12. In Figure 1(b), tie is shown connecting the
footings. This is optional in zones II and III;
however, it is mandatory in zones IV and V.

13. Seismic loads will be considered acting in the
horizontal direction (along either of the two
principal directions) and not along the vertical
direction, since it is not considered to be
significant.

14. All dimensions are in mm, unless specified
otherwise.

B
1
3
B
1
4
B
1
5
B
1
6
B
1
7
B
1
8
B
1
9
B
2
0
B
2
1
B
2
2
B
2
3
B
2
4
B
1
B
4
B
7
B
10
B
2
B
5
B
8
B
11
B
3
B
6
B
9
B
12
F.B.
F.B. F.B.
F.B.
F.B.
F.B. F.B.
F.B.
F.B.
F.B.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
F
.
B
.
C
13
C
2
C
3
C
4
(7.5,22.5) (15,22.5) (22.5,22.5)
(0,0)
(7.5,0)
14
C
(15,0)
15
C
(22.5,0)
16
C
(22.5,7.5)
12
C
(22.5,15)
8
C
(0,15)
(0,7.5)
5
C
9
C
6
C C
7
(7.5, 7.5) (15, 7.5)
11
C
(15, 15) (7.5,15)
C
10
Z
(0,22.5)
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m
7
.
5

m
7
.
5

m
7
.
5

m
A
Service block
x
z
0.80
0.10
4 m
1 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
+ 0.0
+ 2.1 m Ground Floor
+ 5.5 m First Floor
+ 10.5 m Second Floor
+ 15.5 mThird Floor
+ 20.5 m Fourth Floor
+ 25.5 m Fifth Floor
+ 30.5 m
+ 31.5 m
Tie
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
4.1 m
+ 30.2 m
+ 25.2 m
+ 20.2 m
+ 15.2 m
+ 10.2 m
+ 5.2 m
1.1 m
+ 1.1 m
M25
M25
M25
M25
M25
M25
+ 0.0 m
M25
(a) Typical floor plan
(b) Part section A-A (c) Part frame section
y
x
A
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
X
1
C
Main block
Storey
numbers
300 600
600 600
300 600
500 500
Expansion
joint
A
B
C
D
A
B
C
D
0.90
0.60
0.10
1234
1234
Terrace
Plinth
2.5

Figure 1 General lay-out of the Building.

1.1. Data of the Example
The design data shall be as follows:
Live load : 4.0 kN/m
2
at typical floor
: 1.5 kN/m
2
on terrace
Floor finish : 1.0 kN/m
2

Water proofing : 2.0 kN/m
2

Terrace finish : 1.0 kN/m
2

Location : Vadodara city
Wind load : As per IS: 875-Not designed for wind
load, since earthquake loads exceed the
wind loads.
Earthquake load : As per IS-1893 (Part 1) - 2002
Depth of foundation below ground : 2.5 m
Type of soil : Type II, Medium as per IS:1893
Allowable bearing pressure : 200 kN/m
2

Average thickness of footing : 0.9 m, assume isolated footings
Storey height : Typical floor: 5 m, GF: 3.4 m
Floors : G.F. + 5 upper floors.
Ground beams : To be provided at 100 mm below G.L.
Plinth level : 0.6 m
Walls : 230 mm thick brick masonry walls
only at periphery.
Material Properties
Concrete
All components unless specified in design: M25 grade all
E
c
= 5 000
ck
f N/mm
2

= 5 000
ck
f MN/m
2

= 25 000 N/ mm
2
= 25 000 MN/ m
2
.
For cent ral col umns up t o pl i nt h, ground fl oor and fi rst fl oor: M30
grade
E
c
= 5 000
ck
f N/mm
2

= 5 000
ck
f MN/m
2

= 27 386 N/ mm
2
= 27 386 MN/ m
2
.
St eel
HYSD reinforcement of grade Fe 415 confirming to IS: 1786 is used throughout.

1.2. Geometry of the Building
The general layout of the building is shown in
Figure 1. At ground level, the floor beams FB are
not provided, since the floor directly rests on
ground (earth filling and 1:4:8 c.c. at plinth level)
and no slab is provided. The ground beams are
provided at 100 mm below ground level. The
numbering of the members is explained as below.
1.2.1. Storey number
Storey numbers are given to the portion of the
building between two successive grids of beams.
For the example building, the storey numbers are
defined as follows:
Portion of the building Storey no.
Foundation top Ground floor 1
Ground beams First floor 2
First Floor Second floor 3
Second floor Third floor 4
Third floor Fourth floor 5
Fourth floor Fifth floor 6
Fifth floor - Terrace 7
1.2.2. Column number
In the general plan of Figure 1, the columns from
C
1
to C
16
are numbered in a convenient way from
left to right and from upper to the lower part of
the plan. Column C
5
is known as column C
5
from
top of the footing to the terrace level. However,
to differentiate the column lengths in different
stories, the column lengths are known as 105,
205, 305, 405, 505, 605 and 705 [Refer to Figure
2(b)]. The first digit indicates the storey number
while the last two digits indicate column number.
Thus, column length 605 means column length in
sixth storey for column numbered C
5
. The
columns may also be specified by using grid lines.
1.2.3. Floor beams (Secondary beams)
All floor beams that are capable of free rotation at
supports are designated as FB in Figure 1. The
reactions of the floor beams are calculated
manually, which act as point loads on the main
beams. Thus, the floor beams are not considered
as the part of the space frame modelling.
1.2.4. Main beams number
Beams, which are passing through columns, are
termed as main beams and these together with the
columns form the space frame. The general layout
of Figure 1 numbers the main beams as beam B
1

to B
12
in a convenient way from left to right and
from upper to the lower part of the plan. Giving
90
o
clockwise rotation to the plan similarly marks
the beams in the perpendicular direction. To
floor-wise differentiate beams similar in plan (say
beam B
5
connecting columns C
6
and C
7
) in
various floors, beams are numbered as 1005,
2005, 3005, and so on. The first digit indicates the
storey top of the beam grid and the last three
digits indicate the beam number as shown in
general layout of Figure 1. Thus, beam 4007 is the
beam located at the top of 4
th
storey whose
number is B
7
as per the general layout.
1.3. Gravity Load calculations
1.3.1. Unit load calculations
Assumed sizes of beam and column sections are:
Columns: 500 x 500 at all typical floors
Area, A = 0.25 m
2
, I = 0.005208 m
4

Columns: 600 x 600 below ground level
Area, A = 0.36 m
2
, I = 0.0108 m
4

Main beams: 300 x 600 at all floors
Area, A = 0.18 m
2
, I = 0.0054 m
4

Ground beams: 300 x 600
Area, A = 0.18 m
2
, I = 0.0054 m
4

Secondary beams: 200 x 600

Member self- weights:
Columns (500 x 500)
0.50 x 0.50 x 25 = 6.3 kN/m
Columns (600 x 600)
0.60 x 0.60 x 25 = 9.0 kN/m
Ground beam (300 x 600)
0.30 x 0.60 x 25 = 4.5 kN/m
Secondary beams rib (200 x 500)
0.20 x 0.50 x 25 = 2.5 kN/m
Main beams (300 x 600)
0.30 x 0.60 x 25 = 4.5 kN/m
Slab (100 mm thick)
0.1 x 25 = 2.5 kN/m
2

Brick wall (230 mm thick)
0.23 x 19 (wall) +2 x 0.012 x 20 (plaster)
= 4.9 kN/m
2
Floor wall (height 4.4

m)
4.4 x 4.9 = 21.6 kN/m

Ground floor wall (height 3.5

m)
3.5 x 4.9 = 17.2 kN/m

Ground floor wall (height 0.7

m)
0.7 x 4.9 = 3.5 kN/m

Terrace parapet (height 1.0 m)
1.0 x 4.9 = 4.9 kN/m
1.3.2. Slab load calculations

Component Terrace
(DL + LL)
Typical
(DL + LL)
Self (100 mm
thick)
2.5 + 0.0 2.5 + 0.0
Water
proofing
2.0 + 0.0 0.0 + 0.0
Floor finish 1.0 + 0.0 1.0 + 0.0
Live load 0.0 + 1.5 0.0 + 4.0
Total 5.5 + 1.5
kN/m
2

3.5 + 4.0
kN/m
2

1.3.3. Beam and frame load calculations:

(1) Terrace level:
Floor beams:
From slab
2.5 x (5.5 + 1.5) = 13.8 + 3.8 kN/m
Self weight = 2.5 + 0 kN/m
Total = 16.3 + 3.8 kN/m
Reaction on main beam
0.5 x 7.5 x (16.3 + 3.8) = 61.1 + 14.3 kN.

Note: Self-weights of main beams and columns
will not be considered, as the analysis software
will directly add them. However, in calculation
of design earthquake loads (section 1.5), these
will be considered in the seismic weight.

Main beams B1B2B3 and B10B11B12
Component B1-B3 B2
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (5.5 +1.5)

6.9 + 1.9

0 + 0
Parapet 4.9 + 0 4.9 + 0
Total 11.8 + 1.9
kN/m
4.9 + 0
kN/m
Two point loads on one-third span points for
beams B
2
and B
11
of (61.1 + 14.3) kN from the
secondary beams.
Main beams B4B5B6, B7B8B9, B16
B17 B18 and B19B20B21
From slab
0.5 x 2.5 x (5.5 + 1.5) = 6.9 + 1.9 kN/m
Total = 6.9 + 1.9 kN/m
Two point loads on one-third span points for all
the main beams (61.1 + 14.3) kN from the
secondary beams.


Component B13 B15
B22 B24
B14
B23
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (5.5 +1.5)
---- 6.9 + 1.9
Parapet 4.9 + 0 4.9 + 0
Total 4.9 + 0
kN/m
11.8 + 1.9
kN/m

beams B13, B15, B22 and B24 of (61.1+14.3)
kN from the secondary beams.
(2) Floor Level:
Floor Beams:
From slab
2.5 x (3.5 + 4.0) = 8.75 + 10 kN/m
Self weight = 2.5 + 0 kN/m
Total = 11.25 + 10 kN/m
Reaction on main beam
0.5 x 7.5 x (11.25 + 10.0) = 42.2 + 37.5 kN.


Component B1 B3 B2
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (3.5 + 4.0)

4.4 + 5.0

0 + 0
Wall 21.6 + 0 21.6 + 0
Total 26.0 + 5.0
kN/m
21.6 + 0
kN/m

beams B2 and B11 (42.2 + 37.5) kN from the
secondary beams.
Main beams B4B5B6, B7B8B9, B16
B17B18 and B19B20B21
From slab 0.5 x 2.5 (3.5 + 4.0) = 4.4 + 5.0 kN/m
Total = 4.4 + 5.0 kN/m
Two point loads on one-third span points for all
the main beams (42.2 + 37.5) kN from the
secondary beams.
Main beams B13B14B15 and
B22B23B24

Component B13 B15
B22 B24
B14
B23
From Slab
0.5 x 2.5 (3.5 + 4.0)

----

4.4 + 5.0
Wall 21.6 + 0 21.6 + 0
Total 21.6 + 0
kN/m
26.0 + 5.0
kN/m

beams B13, B15, B22 and B24 of
(42.2 +7.5) kN from the secondary beams.
(3) Ground level:
Outer beams: B1-B2-B3; B10-B11-B12; B13-
B14-B15 and B22-B23-B24
Walls: 3.5 m high
17.2 + 0 kN/m

Inner beams: B4-B5-B6; B7-B8-B9; B16-
B17-B18 and B19-B20-B21
Walls: 0.7 m high
3.5 + 0 kN/m
Loading frames
The loading frames using the above-calculated
beam loads are shown in the figures 2 (a), (b), (c)
and (d). There are total eight frames in the
building. However, because of symmetry, frames
A-A, B-B, 1-1 and 2-2 only are shown.

It may also be noted that since LL< (3/4) DL in
all beams, the loading pattern as specified by
Clause 22.4.1 (a) of IS 456:2000 is not necessary.
Therefore design dead load plus design live load
is considered on all spans as per recommendations
of Clause 22.4.1 (b). In design of columns, it will
be noted that DL + LL combination seldom
governs in earthquake resistant design except
where live load is very high. IS: 875 allows
reduction in live load for design of columns and
footings. This reduction has not been considered
in this example.
2001
3001
4001
5001
6001
7001
2002
2003
3003
4003
5003
6003
7003
1003 1002 1001
2
0
1
1
0
1
3
0
1
4
0
1
5
0
1
6
0
1
2
0
2
3
0
2
4
0
2
5
0
2
6
0
2
2
0
3
3
0
3
4
0
3
5
0
3
6
0
3
2
0
4
3
0
4
4
0
4
5
0
4
6
0
4
1
0
2
1
0
3
1
0
4
7
0
1
7
0
2
7
0
4
(11.8 + 1.9) kN/m (11.8 + 1.9) kN/m
61.1 + 14.3
61.1 + 14.3 kN
(26 + 5) kN/m (26 + 5) kN/m
7
0
3
(17.2 + 0) kN/m
C
1
C
2
C
3
C
4
B
1 2
B
3
B
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
4
.
1

m
1
.
1

m
(26 + 5) kN/m (26 + 5) kN/m
(26 + 5) kN/m (26 + 5) kN/m
(26 + 5) kN/m (26 + 5) kN/m
(26 + 5) kN/m (26 + 5) kN/m
(17.2 + 0) kN/m (17.2 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
3002
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
4002
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
5002
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
6002
42.2+37.5 kN
7002
(4.9 + 0) kN/m
42.2+37.5
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m

Figure 2 (a) Gravity Loads: Frame AA
7004 7005 7006
1006 1005 1004
61.1+14.3 kN
(3.5 + 0) kN/m (3.5 + 0) kN/m (3.5 + 0) kN/m
C
5
C
6
C
7
C
8
B
4 5
B
6
B
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
4
.
1

m
1
.
1

m
61.1+14.3 kN 61.1+14.3 kN
42.2+37.5 kN
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m
1
0
5
1
0
6
1
0
7
1
0
8
2
0
5
2
0
6
2
0
7
2
0
8
3
0
8
3
0
7
3
0
6
3
0
5
4
0
5
4
0
6
4
0
7
4
0
8
5
0
5
5
0
6
5
0
7
5
0
8
6
0
5
6
0
6
6
0
7
6
0
8
7
0
5
7
0
6
7
0
7
7
0
8
(6.9+1.9) kN/m (6.9+1.9) kN/m (6.9+1.9) kN/m
6006
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
5006
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
4006
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
3006
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
2006
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
6005
42.2+37.5 kN
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
5005
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
4005
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
3005
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
2005
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
6004
42.2+37.5 kN
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
5004
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
4004
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
3004
(4.4 + 5) kN/m
2004
61.1+14.3 61.1+14.3 61.1+14.3
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN

Figure 2(b) Gravity Loads: Frame BB
7015
1015 1014 1013
(17.2 + 0) kN/m
C
13
C
9
C
5
C
1
B
13 14
B
15
B
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
4
.
1

m
1
.
1

m
61.1 + 14.3 kN 61.1 + 14.3 kN
(4.9 + 0) kN/m
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m
1
1
3
1
0
9
1
0
5
1
0
1
2
0
9
2
0
5
2
0
1
2
1
3
3
1
3
3
0
9
3
0
5
3
0
1
4
1
3
4
0
9
4
0
5
4
0
1
5
1
3
5
0
9
5
0
5
5
0
1
6
1
3
6
0
9
6
0
5
6
0
1
7
1
3
7
0
9
7
0
5
7
0
1
(11.8 + 1.9) kN/m
7014
(4.9 + 0) kN/m
7013
6013
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
5013
4013
3013
2013
6015
5015
4015
3015
2015
(26 + 5) kN/m
6014
5014
(26 + 5) kN/m
4014
(26 + 5) kN/m
3014
(26 + 5) kN/m
2014
(26 + 5) kN/m
(17.2+ 0) kN/m (17.2 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
(21.6 + 0) kN/m
61.1 + 14.3 61.1 + 14.3
42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5

Figure 2(c) Gravity Loads: Frame 1-1
7018
1018 1017 1016
61.1 + 14.3 kN
(3.5 + 0) kN/m (3.5 + 0) kN/m (3.5 + 0) kN/m
C
14
C
10
C
6
C
2
B
16 17
B
18
B
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
5

m
4
.
1

m
1
.
1

m
61.1 + 14.3 kN 61.1 + 14.3 kN
(6.9+1.9) kN/m
42.2+37.5 kN
7.5 m 7.5 m 7.5 m
1
1
4
1
1
0
1
0
6
1
0
2
2
1
0
2
1
4
2
0
6
2
0
2
3
1
0
3
1
4
3
0
6
3
0
2
4
1
4
4
1
0
4
0
6
4
0
2
5
1
4
5
1
0
5
0
6
5
0
2
6
1
4
6
1
0
6
0
6
6
0
2
7
1
4
7
1
0
7
0
6
7
0
2
7017
(6.9+1.9) kN/m
7016
(6.9+1.9) kN/m
6018
(4.4+5) kN/m
(4.4+5) kN/m
5018
(4.4+5) kN/m
4018
(4.4+5) kN/m
3018
(4.4+5) kN/m
2018
42.2+37.5 kN
(4.4+5) kN/m
6017
(4.4+5) kN/m
5017
(4.4+5) kN/m
4017
(4.4+5) kN/m
3017
(4.4+5) kN/m
2017
42.2+37.5 kN
(4.4+5) kN/m
6016
(4.4+5) kN/m
5016
(4.4+5) kN/m
4016
(4.4+5) kN/m
3016
(4.4+5) kN/m
2016
61.1 + 14.3 61.1 + 14.3 61.1 + 14.3
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN
42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN 42.2+37.5 42.2+37.5 kN

Figure 2(d) Gravity Loads: Frame 2-2

1.4. Seismic Weight Calculations
The seismic weights are calculated in a manner
similar to gravity loads. The weight of columns
and walls in any storey shall be equally
distributed to the floors above and below the
storey. Following reduced live loads are used for
analysis: Zero on terrace, and 50% on other floors
[IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002, Clause 7.4)
(1) Storey 7 (Terrace):
DL + LL
From slab 22.5 x 22.5 (5.5+0) 2 784 + 0
Parapet 4 x 22.5 (4.9 + 0) 441 + 0

Walls 0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x
(21.6 + 0)
972 + 0
Secondary
beams
18 x 7.5 x (2.5 + 0) 338 + 0
Main
beams
8 x 22.5 x (4.5 + 0) 810 + 0
Columns 0.5 x 5 x 16 x
(6.3 + 0)
252 + 0
Total 5 597 + 0
= 5 597 kN
(2) Storey 6, 5, 4, 3:
DL + LL
From slab 22.5 x 22.5 x
(3.5 + 0.5 x 4)
1 772 + 1 013
Walls 4 x 22.5 x
(21.6 + 0)
1 944 + 0
Secondary
beams
18 x 7.5 x
(2.5 + 0)
338 + 0
Main
beams
8 x 22.5 x
(4.5 + 0)
810 + 0
Columns 16 x 5 x
(6.3 + 0)
504+0
Total 5 368 +1 013
= 6 381 kN
(3) Storey 2:
DL + LL
From slab 22.5 x 22.5 x
(3.5 + 0.5 x 4)
1 772 + 1 013
Walls 0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x
(21.6 + 0)
972 + 0
Walls

0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x
(17.2 + 0)
774 + 0

Secondary
beams
18 x 7.5 x
(2.5 + 0)
338 + 0
Main
beams
8 x 22.5 x
(4.5 + 0)
810 + 0
Columns 16 x 0.5 x (5 +
4.1) x (6.3 + 0)
459 + 0
Total 5 125 +1 013
= 6 138 kN
(4) Storey 1 (plinth):
DL + LL
Walls 0.5 x 4 x 22.5
(17.2 + 0)
774 + 0
Walls

0.5 x 4 x 22.5 x
(3.5 + 0)
158 + 0
Main
beams
8 x 22.5 x
(4.5 + 0)
810 + 0
Column 16 x 0.5 x 4.1 x
(6.3 + 0)
16 x 0.5 x 1.1 x
(9.0 + 0)
206 + 0

79 + 0

Total 2 027 + 0
= 2 027 kN
Seismic weight of the entire building
= 5 597 + 4 x 6 381 + 6 138 + 2 027
= 39 286 kN
The seismic weight of the floor is the lumped
weight, which acts at the respective floor
level at the centre of mass of the floor.
1.5. Design Seismic Load
The infill walls in upper floors may contain large
openings, although the solid walls are considered
in load calculations. Therefore, fundamental time
period T is obtained by using the following
formula:

T
a
= 0.075 h
0.75

[IS 1893 (Part 1):2002, Clause 7.6.1]

= 0.075 x (30.5)
0.75

= 0.97 sec.
Zone factor, Z = 0.16 for Zone III
IS: 1893 (Part 1):2002, Table 2
Importance factor, I = 1.5 (public building)
Medium soil site and 5% damping
402 . 1
97 . 0
36 . 1
= =
g
S
a

IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002, Figure 2.
Table1. Distribution of Total Horizontal
Load to Different Floor Levels
402 . 1
97 . 0
36 . 1
= =
g
S
a

IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002, Figure 2.

Ductile detailing is assumed for the structure.
Hence, Response Reduction Factor, R, is taken
equal to 5.0.
It may be noted however, that ductile detailing is
mandatory in Zones III, IV and V.
Hence,
A
h
=
g
a
S
R
I
2
Z

= 0.0336 1.402
5
1.5

2
0.16
=

Base shear, V
B
= A
h
W
= 0.0336 x 39 286
= 1 320 kN.

The total horizontal load of 1 320 kN is now
distributed along the height of the building as per
clause 7.7.1 of IS1893 (Part 1): 2002. This
distribution is shown in Table 1.
1.5.1. Accidental eccentricity:
Design eccentricity is given by
e
di
= 1.5 e
si
+ 0.05 b
i
or
e
si
0.05 b
i

IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002, Clause 7.9.2.

For the present case, since the building is
symmetric, static eccentricity, e
si
= 0.

0.05 b
i
= 0.05 x 22.5 = 1.125 m.
Thus the load is eccentric by 1.125 m from mass
centre. For the purpose of our calculations,
eccentricity from centre of stiffness shall be
calculated. Since the centre of mass and the centre
of stiffness coincide in the present case, the
eccentricity from the centre of stiffness is also
1.125 m.

Accidental eccentricity can be on either side (that
is, plus or minus). Hence, one must consider
lateral force Q
i
acting at the centre of stiffness
accompanied by a clockwise or an anticlockwise
torsion moment (i.e., +1.125 Q
i
kNm or -1.125 Q
i

kNm).
Forces Q
i
acting at the centres of stiffness and
respective torsion moments at various levels for
the example building are shown in Figure 3.
Note that the building structure is identical along
the X- and Z- directions, and hence, the
fundamental time period and the earthquake
forces are the same in the two directions.

Storey W
i

(kN)
h
i

(m)
W
i
h
i
2
x10
-3

2
i i
2
i i
h W
h W
Qi
=

x V
B

(kN)
V
i

(kN)
7 5 597 30.2 5 105 480 480
6 6 381 25.2 4 052 380 860
5 6 381 20.2 2 604 244 1 104
4 6 381 15.2 1 474 138 1 242
3 6 381 10.2 664 62 1 304
2 6 138 5.2 166 16 1 320
1 2 027 1.1 3 0 1 320
Total 14 068 1 320

All columns not shown for clarity
Mass centre
2
2
.
5

m
22.5 m
428 kNm
275 kNm
70 kNm
0 kNm
18 kNm
155 kNm
540 kNm
1.1 m
4.1 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
5 m
480 kN
380 kN
244 kN
138 kN
62 kN
16 kN
0 kN
Figure not to the scale
( Centre of stiffness)

Figure 3 Accidental Eccentricity Inducing Torsion in the Building

1.6. Analysis by Space Frames
The space frame is modelled using standard
software. The gravity loads are taken from Figure
2, while the earthquake loads are taken from
Figure 3. The basic load cases are shown in Table
2, where X and Z are lateral orthogonal directions.
Table 2 Basic Load Cases Used for Analysis
No. Load case Directions
1 DL Downwards
2
IL(Imposed/Live load)
Downwards
3 EXTP (+Torsion) +X; Clockwise
torsion due to EQ
4 EXTN (-Torsion) +X; Anti-Clockwise
torsion due to EQ
5 EZTP (+Torsion) +Z; Clockwise
torsion due to EQ
6 EZTN (-Torsion) +Z; Anti-Clockwise
torsion due to EQ
EXTP: EQ load in X direction with torsion positive
EXTN: EQ load in X direction with torsion negative
EZTP: EQ load in Z direction with torsion positive
EZTN: EQ load in Z direction with torsion negative.
1.7. Load Combinations
As per IS 1893 (Part 1): 2002 Clause no. 6.3.1.2,
the following load cases have to be considered for
analysis:
1.5 (DL + IL)
1.2 (DL + IL EL)
1.5 (DL EL)
0.9 DL 1.5 EL
Earthquake load must be considered for +X, -X,
+Z and Z directions. Moreover, accidental
eccentricity can be such that it causes clockwise
or anticlockwise moments. Thus, EL above
implies 8 cases, and in all, 25 cases as per Table 3
must be considered. It is possible to reduce the
load combinations to 13 instead of 25 by not
using negative torsion considering the symmetry
of the building. Since large amount of data is
difficult to handle manually, all 25-load
combinations are analysed using software.
For design of various building elements (beams or
columns), the design data may be collected from
computer output. Important design forces for
selected beams will be tabulated and shown
diagrammatically where needed. . In load
combinations involving Imposed Loads (IL), IS
1893 (Part 1): 2002 recommends 50% of the
imposed load to be considered for seismic weight
calculations. However, the authors are of the
opinion that the relaxation in the imposed load is
unconservative. This example therefore, considers
100% imposed loads in load combinations.
For above load combinations, analysis is
performed and results of deflections in each
storey and forces in various elements are
obtained.
Table 3 Load Combinations Used for Design
No. Load combination
1 1.5 (DL + IL)
2 1.2 (DL + IL + EXTP)
3 1.2 (DL + IL + EXTN)
4 1.2 (DL + IL EXTP)
5 1.2 (DL + IL EXTN)
6 1.2 (DL + IL + EZTP)
7 1.2 (DL + IL + EZTN)
8 1.2 (DL + IL EZTP)
9 1.2 (DL + IL EZTN)
10 1.5 (DL + EXTP)
11 1.5 (DL + EXTN)
12 1.5 (DL EXTP)
13 1.5 (DL EXTN)
14 1.5 (DL + EZTP)
15 1.5 (DL + EZTN)
16 1.5 (DL EZTP)
17 1.5 (DL EZTN)
18 0.9 DL + 1.5 EXTP
19 0.9 DL + 1.5 EXTN
20 0.9 DL - 1.5 EXTP
21 0.9 DL - 1.5 EXTN
22 0.9 DL + 1.5 EZTP
23 0.9 DL + 1.5 EZTN
24 0.9 DL - 1.5 EZTP
25 0.9 DL - 1.5 EZTN
1.8. Storey Drift
As per Clause no. 7.11.1 of IS 1893 (Part 1):
2002, the storey drift in any storey due to
specified design lateral force with partial load
factor of 1.0, shall not exceed 0.004 times the
storey height. From the frame analysis the
displacements of the mass centres of various
floors are obtained and are shown in Table 4
along with storey drift.
Since the building configuration is same in
both the directions, the displacement values
are same in either direction.
Table 4 Storey Drift Calculations
Storey Displacement
(mm)
Storey
drift
(mm)
7 (Fifth floor) 79.43 7.23
6 (Fourth floor) 72.20 12.19
5 (Third floor) 60.01 15.68
4 (Second floor) 44.33 17.58
3 (First floor) 26.75 17.26
2 (Ground floor) 9.49 9.08
1 (Below plinth) 0.41 0.41
0 (Footing top) 0 0

Maximum drift is for fourth storey = 17.58 mm.
Maximum drift permitted = 0.004 x 5000 = 20
mm. Hence, ok.
Sometimes it may so happen that the requirement
of storey drift is not satisfied. However, as per
Clause 7.11.1, IS: 1893 (Part 1): 2002; For the
purpose of displacement requirements only, it is
permissible to use seismic force obtained from the
computed fundamental period (T ) of the building
without the lower bound limit on design seismic
force. In such cases one may check storey drifts
by using the relatively lower magnitude seismic
forces obtained from a dynamic analysis.
1.9. Stability Indices
It is necessary to check the stability
indices as per Annex E of IS 456:2000 for all
storeys to classify the columns in a given storey
as non-sway or sway columns. Using data from
Table 1 and Table 4, the stability indices are
evaluated as shown in Table 5. The stability index
Q
si
of a storey is given by
Q
si
=
s u
u u
h H
P

Where
Q
si
= stability index of i
th
storey
u
P = sum of axial loads on all columns in
the i
th
storey
u
= elastically computed first order
lateral deflection
H
u
= total lateral force acting within the
storey
h
s
= height of the storey.

As per IS 456:2000, the column is classified as
non-sway if Q
si
0.04, otherwise, it is a sway
column. It may be noted that both sway and non-
sway columns are unbraced columns. For braced
columns, Q = 0.


Table 5 Stability Indices of Different Storeys

1.10. Design of Selected Beams
The design of one of the exterior beam
B2001-B2002-B2003 at level 2 along X-
direction is illustrated here.
1.10.1. General requirements
The flexural members shall fulfil the following
general requirements.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.1.2)
3 . 0
D
b

Here 3 . 0 5 . 0
600
300
D
b
> = =
Hence, ok.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.1.3)
mm 200 b
Here mm 200 mm 300 b =
Hence, ok.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.1.4)

4
L
D
c

Here, L
c
= 7500 500 = 7000 mm
mm
4
7000
mm 600 D < =
Hence, ok.
1.10.2. Bending Moments and Shear Forces
The end moments and end shears for six basic
load cases obtained from computer analysis are
given in Tables 6 and 7. Since earthquake load
along Z-direction (EZTP and EZTN) induces very
small moments and shears in these beams oriented
along the X-direction, the same can be neglected
from load combinations. Load combinations 6 to
9, 14 to 17, and 22 to 25 are thus not considered
for these beams. Also, the effect of positive
torsion (due to accidental eccentricity) for these
beams will be more than that of negative torsion.
Hence, the combinations 3, 5, 11, 13, 19 and 21
will not be considered in design. Thus, the
combinations to be used for the design of these
beams are 1, 2, 4, 10, 12, 18 and 20.
The software employed for analysis will however,
check all the combinations for the design
moments and shears. The end moments and end
shears for these seven load combinations are
given in Tables 8 and 9. Highlighted numbers in
these tables indicate maximum values.
Storey Storey
seismic
weight
Wi (kN)
Axial load
P
u
=W
i
,
(kN)
u

(mm)
Lateral
load
H
u
= V
i

(kN)
H
s

(mm)
Q
si

=
s u
h H
u u
P

Classification
7 5 597 5 597 7.23 480 5 000 0.0169 No-sway
6 6 381 11 978 12.19 860 5 000 0.0340 No-sway
5 6 381 18 359 15.68 1 104 5 000 0.0521 Sway
4 6 381 24 740 17.58 1 242 5 000 0.0700 Sway
3 6 381 31 121 17.26 1 304 5 000 0.0824 Sway
2 6 138 37 259 9.08 1 320 4 100 0.0625 Sway
1 2 027 39 286 0.41 1 320 1 100 0.0111 No-sway
From the results of computer analysis, moment
envelopes for B2001 and B2002 are drawn in
Figures 4 (a) and 4 (b) for various load
combinations, viz., the combinations 1, 2,
4,10,12,18 and 20. Design moments and shears at
various locations for beams B2001-B2002B2003
are given in Table 10.
To get an overall idea of design moments in
beams at various floors, the design moments and
shears for all beams in frame A-A are given in
Tables 11 and 12. It may be noted that values of
level 2 in Tables 11 and 12 are given in table 10.

Table 6 End Moments (kNm) for Six Basic Load Cases
Load
case
B2001 B2002 B2003 S.No.
Left Right Left Right Left Right
1 (DL) 117.95 -157.95 188.96 -188.96 157.95 -117.95
2 (IL/LL) 18.18 -29.85 58.81 -58.81 29.85 -18.18
3 (EXTP) -239.75 -215.88 -197.41 -197.40 -215.90 -239.78
4 (EXTN) -200.03 -180.19 -164.83 -164.83 -180.20 -200.05
5 (EZTP) -18.28 -17.25 -16.32 -16.20 -18.38 -21.37
6 (EZTN) 19.39 16.61 14.58 14.70 15.47 16.31

Sign convention: Anti-clockwise moment (+); Clockwise moment (-)

Table 7 End Shears (kN) For Six Basic Load Cases
Load case B2001 B2002 B2003 S.No.
1 (DL) 109.04 119.71 140.07 140.07 119.71 109.04
2 (IL/LL) 17.19 20.31 37.5 37.5 20.31 17.19
3 (EXTP) -60.75 60.75 -52.64 52.64 -60.76 60.76
4 (EXTN) -50.70 50.70 -43.95 43.95 -50.70 50.70
5 (EZTP) -4.74 4.74 -4.34 4.34 -5.30 5.30
6 (EZTN) 4.80 -4.80 3.90 -3.90 4.24 -4.24

Sign convention: (+) = Upward force; (--) = Downward force

Table 8 Factored End Moments (kNm) for Load Combinations
Load combination B2001 B2002 B2003 Combn
No:
1 [1.5(DL+IL)] 204.21 -281.71 371.66 -371.66 281.71 -204.21
2 [1.2(DL+IL+EXTP)] -124.34 -484.43 60.44 -534.21 -33.71 -451.10
4 [1.2(DL+IL-EXTP)] 451.07 33.69 534.21 -60.44 484.45 124.37
10 [1.5(DL+EXTP)] -182.69 -560.76 -12.66 -579.55 -86.91 -536.60
12 [1.5(DL-EXTP)] 536.56 86.90 579.55 12.66 560.78 182.73
18 [0.9DL+1.5EXTP] -253.47 -465.99 -126.04 -466.18 -181.69 -465.82
20 [0.9DL-1.5EXTP] 465.79 181.67 466.18 126.04 466.00 253.51
Sign convention: (+) = Anti-clockwise moment; (--) = Clockwise moment

Table 9 Factored End Shears (kN) for Load Combinations
Load combination B2001 B2002 B2003 Combn
No:
1 [1.5(DL+IL)] 189.35 210.02 266.36 266.36 210.02 189.35
2 [1.2(DL+IL+EXTP)] 78.58 240.92 149.92 276.26 95.11 224.39
4 [1.2(DL+IL-EXTP)] 224.38 95.12 276.26 149.92 240.93 78.57
10 [1.5(DL+EXTP)] 72.44 270.69 131.15 289.07 88.43 254.70
12 [1.5(DL-EXTP)] 254.69 88.44 289.07 131.15 270.70 72.43
18 [0.9DL+1.5EXTP] 7.01 198.86 47.11 205.03 16.60 189.27
20 [0.9DL-1.5EXTP] 189.26 16.61 205.03 47.11 198.87 7.00
Sign convention: (+) = Upward force; (--) = Downward force

-500
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000
Distance in mm
M
o
m
e
n
t
s

i
n

K
N
m
Hogging Moment Envelope
1
10
2
4
18
12
Sagging Moment Envelope
20

Note: 1, 2, 4,10,12,18 and 20 denote the moment envelopes for respective load combinations.
Figure 4(a) Moments Envelopes for Beam 2001

-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
300
0 1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000
Distance in mm
Sagging Moment Envelope
Hogging Moment Envelope
1
12
4
2
18
20
10

Note: 1, 2, 4,10,12,18 and 20 denote the moment envelopes for respective load combinations
Figure 4(b) Moment Envelopes for Beam 2002
Table 10 Design Moments and Shears at Various Locations
Beam B2001 B2002 B2003
Distance from
left end (mm)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
Moment
(kNm)
Shear
(kN)
0

-537
253
255 -580
126
289 -561
182
271
625 -386
252
226 -407
151
265 -401
188
242
1250 -254
241
198 -249
167
240 -258
181
214
1875 -159
238
169 -123
190
218 -141
172
185
2500 -78
221
140 -27
218
198 -55
165
156
3125 -8
186
112 0
195
103 0
140
128
3750 0
130
-99 0
202
79 0
130
99
4375 0
140
-128 0
195
-103 -8
186
-112
5000 -55
165
-156 -27
218
-128 -78
221
-140
5625 -141
172
-185 -123
190
-218 -159
238
-169
6250 -258
181
-214 -249
167
-240 -254
241
-198
6875 -401
187
-242 -407
151
-265 -386
253
-226
7500 -561
182
-271 -580
126
-290 -537
254
-255

Table 11 Design Factored Moments (kNm) for Beams in Frame AA
Level External Span (Beam B
1)
Internal Span (B
2
)
0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6250 7500 0 1250 2500 3750
190 71 11 0 3 86 221 290 91 0 0 7 (-)
(+)
47 69 87 67 54 33 2 0 39 145 149
411 167 29 0 12 162 414 479 182 0 0 6 (-)
(+)
101 137 164 133 134 106 65 25 99 190 203
512 237 67 0 41 226 512 559 235 20 0 5 (-)
(+)
207 209 202 132 159 164 155 107 154 213 204
574 279 90 0 60 267 575 611 270 37 0 4 (-)
(+)
274 255 227 131 176 202 213 159 189 230 200
596 294 99 0 68 285 602 629 281 43 0 3 (-)
(+)
303 274 238 132 182 215 234 175 199 235 202
537 254 78 0 55 259 561 580 249 27 0 2 (-)
(+)
253 241 221 130 165 181 182 126 167 218 202
250 90 3 0 4 98 264 259 97 5 0 1 (-)
(+)
24 63 94 81 87 55 13 10 55 86 76

Table 12 Design Factored Shears (kN) for Beams in Frame AA
Level External Span (Beam B
1
) Internal Span (B
2
)
0 1250 2500 3750 5000 6250 7500 0 1250 2500 3750
7-7 110 79 49 -31 -61 -92 -123 168 150 133 -23
6-6 223 166 109 52 -116 -173 -230 266 216 177 52
5-5 249 191 134 77 -143 -200 -257 284 235 194 74
4-4 264 207 150 93 -160 -218 -275 298 247 205 88
3-3 270 213 155 98 -168 -225 -282 302 253 208 92
2-2 255 198 140 -99 -156 -214 -271 289 240 198 79
1-1 149 108 67 -31 -72 -112 -153 150 110 69 -28
1.10.3. Longitudinal Reinforcement
Consider mild exposure and maximum 10 mm
diameter two-legged hoops. Then clear cover to
main reinforcement is 20 +10 = 30 mm. Assume
25 mm diameter bars at top face and 20 mm
diameter bars at bottom face. Then, d = 532 mm
for two layers and 557 mm for one layer at top; d
= 540 mm for two layers and 560 mm for one
layer at bottom. Also consider d/d = 0.1 for all
doubly reinforced sections.

Design calculations at specific sections for flexure
reinforcement for the member B2001 are shown
in Table 13 and that for B2002 are tabulated in
Table 14. In tables 13 and 14, the design moments
at the face of the support, i.e., 250 mm from the
centre of the support are calculated by linear
interpolation between moment at centre and the
moment at 625 mm from the centre from the table
10. The values of p
c
and p
t
have been obtained
from SP: 16. By symmetry, design of beam
B2003 is same as that of B2001. Design bending
moments and required areas of reinforcement are
shown in Tables 15 and 16. The underlined steel
areas are due to the minimum steel requirements
as per the code.
Table 17 gives the longitudinal reinforcement
provided in the beams B2001, B 2002 and
B2003.

Table 13 Flexure Design for B2001
Location
from left
support
M
u
(kNm)

b
(mm)
d
(mm)
2
bd
u
M

(N/mm
2
)
Type p
t
p
c
A
st

(mm
2
)
A
sc

(mm
2
)
250 -477
+253
300
300
532
540
5.62
2.89
D
S
1.86
0.96
0.71
-
2 969
1 555
1 133
-
1 250 -254
+241
300
300
532
540
2.99
2.75
S
S
1.00
0.90
-
-
1 596
1 458
-
-
2 500 -78
+221
300
300
557
540
0.84
2.53
S
S
0.25
0.81
-
-
418
1 312
-
-
3 750 0
+130
300
300
557
560
0
1.38
S
S
0
0.42
-
-
0
706
-
-
5 000 -55
+165
300
300
557
540
0.59
1.89
S
S
0.18
0.58
-
-
301
940
-
-
6 250 -258
+181
300
300
532
540
3.04
2.07
S
S
1.02
0.65
-
-
1 628
1 053
-
-
7 250 -497
+182
300
300
532
540
5.85
2.08
D
S
1.933
0.65
0.782
-
3 085
1 053
1 248
-

D = Doubly reinforced section; S = Singly reinforced section


Table 14 Flexure Design for B2002
Location
from left
support
M
u
,
(kNm)
b
(mm)
d
(mm)
kNm) (
,
2
bd
u
M

Type p
t
p
c
A
st

(mm
2
)
A
sc

(mm
2
)
250 -511
+136
300
300
532
540
6.02
1.55
D
S
1.99
0.466
0.84
-
3 176
755
744
,-
1 250 -249
+167
300
300
532
540
2.93
1.91
S
S
0.97
0.59
-
-
1 548
956
-
-
2 500 -27
+218
300
300
557
540
0.29
2.49
S
S
0.09
0.80
-
-
150
1 296
-
-
3 750 0
+202
300
300
557
560
0
2.15
S
S
0
0.67
-
-
0
1 126
-
-
5 000 -27
+218
300
300
557
540
0.29
2.49
S
S
0.09
0.80
-
-
150
1 296
-
-
6 250 -249
+167
300
300
532
540
2.93
1.91
S
S
0.97
0.59
-
-
1 548
956
-
-
7 250 -511
+136
300
300
532
540
6.02
1.55
D
S
1.99
0.466
0.84
-
3 176
755
744
,-
D = Doubly reinforced section; S = Singly reinforced section
Table 15 Summary of Flexure Design for B2001 and B2003
B2001 A B
Distance from left (mm) 250 1250 2500 3750 5000 6250 7250
M (-) at top (kNm) 477 254 78 0 55 258 497
Effective depth d (mm) 532 532 557 557 557 532 532
A
st
, top bars (mm
2
) 2969 1596 486 486 486 1628 3085
A
sc
, bottom bars (mm
2
) 1133 - - - - - 1248
M (+) at bottom (kNm) 253 241 221 130 165 181 182
Effective depth d (mm) 540 540 540 560 540 540 540
A
st
, (bottom bars) (mm
2
) 1555 1458 1312 706 940 1053 1053

Table 16 Summary of Flexure Design for B2002
B2002 B C
Distance from left (mm) 250 1250 2500 3750 5000 6250 7250
M (-), at top (kNm) 511 249 27 0 27 249 511
Effective depth d, (mm) 532 532 557 557 557 532 532
A
st
, top bars (mm
2
) 3176 1548 486 486 486 1548 3176
A
sc
, bottom bars (mm
2
) 744 - - - - - 744
M (+) at bottom (kNm) 136 167 218 202 218 167 136
Effective depth d, (mm) 540 540 540 560 540 540 540
A
st
, (bottom bars) (mm
2
) 755 956 1296 1126 1296 956 755

At A and D, as per requirement of Table 14, 5-20 # bars are sufficient as bottom bars, though the area of the
compression reinforcement then will not be equal to 50% of the tension steel as required by Clause 6.2.3 of
IS 13920:1993. Therefore, at A and D, 6-20 # are provided at bottom. The designed section is detailed in
Figure.6. The top bars at supports are extended in the spans for a distance of (l /3) = 2500 mm.

L o c a t i o n s f o r c u r t a i l m e n t
B 2 0 0 2 B 2 0 0 1
2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0
A F H B K
B 2 0 0 3
2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0 2 5 0 0
K ' C H ' F ' D

Figure 5 Critical Sections for the Beams

Table 17: Summary of longitudinal reinforcement provided in beams
B2001 and B2003
At A and D
(External supports)
Top bars

Bottom bars
7 25 #, A
st
= 3437 mm
2
, with 250 mm (=10 d
b
)
internal radius at bend, where d
b
is the diameter
of the bar
6 20 #, A
st
= 1884 mm
2
, with 200 mm (=10 d
b
)
internal radius at bend
At Centre Top bars
Bottom bars
2- 25 #, A
st
= 982 mm
2

5 20 #, A
st
= 1570 mm
2

At B and C
(Internal supports)
Top bars
Bottom bars
7- 25 # , A
st
= 3437 mm
2

6 20 #, A
st
= 1884 mm
2

B2002
At Centre Top bars
Bottom bars
2- 25 #, A
st
= 982 mm
2

5 20 #, A
st
= 1570 mm
2

Details of beams B2001 - B2002 - B2003
2-25 # + 5-25 # extra
2500
8 8 Rest 9 No
Maximum 10 # hoops
assume 25 #
Column bars
275
40
(c) Column section
20 25
20
25 (3/4)
25
25
3/4 1
2
SPA 130
(d) Bar bending details in raw1 (Top bars)
280 90
25 135
200 160
central r = 262.5
r = 250 mm
Elevation
160
2-25 # + 5-25 # extra
6-20 #
Dia
1010
12 #
2
4
3
1260
1
2500
250 250
12 #
B2001 (300 600)
12 #
A
7500 c/c
12 #
5-20 #
A
2-25 #
Rest 22 9 Stirrups
140
(d) Bar bending details in raw 2 (Bottom bars)
140200
20
130
r = 200
central r = 210
110 130
Section B- B
300 100
100
500
2-25 #
5-20 #
12 # 12 #
6-20 #
B2002 (300 600)
12 #
6-20 #
7500 c/c
2500
Section A - A
500
300 100
100

Figure 6 Details of Beams B2001, B2002 and B2003

1.10.3.1. Check for reinforcement
(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.1)
1.10.3.2. (a) Minimum two bars should be
continuous at top and bottom.
Here, 225 mm # (982 mm
2
) are continuous
throughout at top; and 520 mm # (1 570 mm
2
)
are continuous throughout at bottom. Hence, ok.
(b)
415
25 24 . 0
24 . 0
min ,
= =
y
ck
t
f
f
p
=0.00289, i.e., 0.289%.
2
min ,
mm 486 560 300
100
289 . 0
= =
st
A
Provided reinforcement is more. Hence, ok.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.2)
Maximum steel ratio on any face at any section
should not exceed 2.5, i.e.,
%. 5 . 2
max
= p
2
max ,
3990 532 300
100
5 . 2
mm A
st
= =
Provided reinforcement is less. Hence ok.
(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.3)
The positive steel at a joint face must be at least
equal to half the negative steel at that face.
Joint A
Half the negative steel =
2
3437
= 1718 mm
2

Positive steel = 1884 mm
2
> 1718 mm
2

Hence, ok.

Joint B
Half the negative steel =
2
3437
= 1718 mm
2

Positive steel = 1 884 mm
2
> 1 718 mm
2

Hence, ok.

(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.4)
Along the length of the beam,
A
st
at top or bottom 0.25 A
st
at top at joint A
or B
A
st
at top or bottom 0.25 3 437
859 mm
2

Hence, ok.

(IS 13920; Clause 6.2.5)
At external joint, anchorage of top and bottom
bars = L
d
in tension + 10 d
b
.
L
d
of Fe 415 steel in M25 concrete = 40.3 d
b

Here, minimum anchorage = 40.3 d
b
+ 10 d
b
=
50.3 d
b.
The bars must extend 50.3 d
b

(i.e. 50.3 x 25 = 1258 mm, say 1260 mm for 25
mm diameter bars and 50.3 x 20 = 1006 mm, say
1010 mm for 20 mm diameter bars) into the
column.
At internal joint, both face bars of the beam shall
be taken continuously through the column.

1.10.4. Web reinforcements
Vertical hoops (IS: 13920:1993, Clause 3.4 and
Clause 6.3.1) shall be used as shear
reinforcement.

Hoop diameter 6 mm
8 mm if clear span exceeds 5 m.
(IS 13920:1993; Clause 6.3.2)

Here, clear span = 7.5 0.5 = 7.0 m.
Use 8 mm (or more) diameter two-legged hoops.

The moment capacities as calculated in Table 18
at the supports for beam B2001 and B2003 are:
321 kNm
As
M
u
= 321 kNm
Bs
M
u
=
568 kNm
Ah
M
u
= kNm 568 =
Bh
u
M
The moment capacities as calculated in Table 18
at the supports for beam B2002 are:

321 kNm
As
M
u
= 321 kNm
Bs
M
u
=
585 kNm
Ah
M
u
= 585 kNm
Bh
M
u
=
1.2 (DL+LL) for U.D.L. load on beam B2001 and
B2003.
= 1.2 (30.5 + 5) = 42.6 kN/m.
1.2 (DL+LL) for U.D.L. load on beam B2002
= 1.2 (26.1 + 0) = 31.3 kN/m.
1.2 (DL+LL) for two point loads at third points on
beam B2002
= 1.2 (42.2+37.5) = 95.6 kN.
The loads are inclusive of self-weights.
For beam B2001 and B2003:
kN. V V
L D
b
L D
a
7 . 159 6 . 42 5 . 7 5 . 0 = = =
+ +

For beam 2002:
kN. 213 6 . 95 3 . 31 5 . 7 5 . 0 = + = =
+ + L D
b
L D
a
V V

Beam B2001 and B2003:
Sway to right

5 . 7
568 321
4 . 1
lim , lim ,
1.4
,
+
=
+
+
=
L D
a
V
AB
L
Bh
u
M
As
u
M
L D
a
V
a u
V

kN 3 . 6 166 159.7 = =
kN 7 . 325 166 159.7
,
= + =
b u
V .
Sway to left
,lim ,lim
1.4
,
568 321
159.7 1.4
7.5
-
Ah Bs
M M
u u D L
V V
u a a
L
AB
+
+
=
+
=

kN 7 . 325 166 159.7 = + =
kN 3 . 6 166 7 . 159
,
= =
b u
V
Maximum design shear at A and B = 325.7 kN,
say 326 kN
Beam B2001 and B2003
(iv) Design S.F.diagram
166
(iii) Sway to left
(ii) Sway to right
(i) 1.2 (D + L)
S.F.diagram
166 kN
S.F.diagram
169.1 kN
S.F.diagram
Loding
7.5 m
42.6 kN/m
325.7 kN
272.4
219.2
159.7 kN
159.7 kN
A
+
272.4
219.2
166
+
325.7 kN
159.7 kN
159.7 kN
B

Figure 7 Beam Shears due to Plastic
Hinge Formation for Beams B2001
and B2003

Beam 2002

Sway to right

5 . 7
568 321
4 . 1
lim , lim ,
1.4
,
+
=
+
+
=
L D
a
V
AB
L
Bh
u
M
As
u
M
L D
a
V
a u
V

kN 47 166 213 = =

kN 379 166 213
,
= + =
b u
V .

Sway to left
kN 379 166 213
,
= + =
a u
V
kN 47 166 213
,
= =
b u
V

Maximum design shear at A = 379 kN.

Maximum design shear at B = 379 kN.

B
2.5 m
39.1
213 kN
213 kN
127
31.4
340
301
208.3
379
2.5 m
39.1
+
A
213 kN
213 kN
301
340
208.3
127
31.4
379 kN
+
Beam 2002
(iv) Design S.F.diagram
+
166
(iii) Sway to left
S.F.diagram
166 kN
(ii) Sway to right
166 kN
S.F.diagram
(i) 1.2 (D + L)
S.F.diagram
Loding
2.5 m
7.5 m
31.3 kN/m
134.7 kN
134.7 kN
166
95.6 kN 95.6 kN

Figure 8 Beam Shears due to Plastic
Hinge Formation for Beam B 2002
Maximum shear forces for various cases from
analysis are shown in Table 19(a). The shear force
to be resisted by vertical hoops shall be greater of:
i) Calculated factored shear force as per analysis.
ii) Shear force due to formation of plastic hinges
at both ends of the beam plus the factored
gravity load on the span.
The design shears for the beams B2001 and
B2002 are summarized in Table 19.
As per Clause 6.3.5 of IS 13920:1993,the first
stirrup shall be within 50 mm from the joint face.
Spacing, s, of hoops within 2 d (2 x 532 = 1064
mm) from the support shall not exceed:
(a) d/4 = 133 mm
(b) 8 times diameter of the smallest
longitudinal bar = 8 x 20 = 160 mm
Hence, spacing of 133 mm c/c governs.
Elsewhere in the span, spacing,
mm. 266
2
532
2
= =
d
s
Maximum nominal shear stress in the beam

2 2
3
mm / N 3.1 N/mm 37 . 2
532 300
10 379
< =
=
c

(
c,max
, for M25 mix)
The proposed provision of two-legged hoops and
corresponding shear capacities of the sections are
presented in Table 20.


Table 18 Calculations of Moment Capacities at Supports
All sections are rectangular.
For all sections: b = 300 mm, d = 532 mm, d=60 mm, d/d = 0.113
f
sc
= 353 N/mm
2
, x
u,max
= 0.48d = 255.3 mm.

As
M
u
(kNm)
Ah
M
u
(kNm)
Bs
M
u
(kN-m)
Bh
M
u
(kN-m)
Top bars 7-25 # = 3 437
mm
2

7-25 # = 3 437
mm
2

7-25 # = 3 437
mm
2

7-25 # = 3 437
mm
2

Bottom bars 6-20 # = 1 884
mm
2

6-20 # = 1 884
mm
2

6-20 # = 1 884
mm
2

6-20 # = 1 884
mm
2

A
st
(mm
2
) 1 884 3 437 1 884 3 437
A
sc
(mm
2
) 3 437 1 884 3 437 1 884
C
1
= 0.36 f
ck
b x
u

= A x
u

2 700 x
u
2 700 x
u
2 700 x
u
2 700 x
u

C
2
= A
sc
f
sc
(kN) 1 213.2 665 1 213.2 665
T = 0.87 f
y
A
st
(kN) 680.2 1 240.9 680.2 1 240.9
x
u
= (T-C
2
) /A Negative
i.e. x
u
<d'
Under-reinforced
213.3
x
u
< x
u,max

Under-reinforced
Negative
i.e. x
u
<d'
Under-reinforced
213.3
x
u
< x
u,max

Under-reinforced
M
uc1
= (0.36f
ck
b x
u
)
(d-0.42x
u
)
- 254 - 254
M
uc2
= A
sc
f
sc
(d-d') - 314 - 314
M
u
= 0.87f
y
A
st

(d-d')
321.06 321.06
M
u
= M
u1
+ M
u2
,
(kNm)
321 568 321 568

Table 19 (a) Design Shears for Beam B2001 and B2003
B2001
B2003
A B
D C
Distance (mm) 0 1 250 2 500 3 750 5 000 6 250 7 500
Shear from analysis
(kN)
255 198 140 -99 -156 -214 -271
Shear due to yielding
(kN)
326 272 219 166 -219 -272 -326
Design shears 326 272 219 166 -219 -272 -326

Table 19 (b) Design Shears for Beam B2002
B2002 C D
Distance (mm) 0 1 250 2 500 3 750 5 000 6 250 7 500
Shear (kN) 281 240 198 -79 -198 -240 -289
Shear due to yielding
(kN)
379 340 301 166 -301 -340 -379
Design shears 379 340 301 166 -301 -340 -379

Table 20 Provisions of Two-Legged Hoops and Calculation of Shear Capacities
(a) Provision of two-legged hoops

B2001 and B2003 (by symmetry) B2002
Distance
(m)
0-1.25 1.25-2.5 2.5-5.0 5.0-6.25 6.25-7.5 0-2.5 2.5-5.0 5.0-7.5
Diameter
(mm)
12 12 12 12 12 12 12 12
Spacing
(mm)
130 160 200 160 130 110 130 110
(b)Calculation of Shear Capacities
B2001 and B2003 (by symmetry) B2002
Distance
(m)
0-1.25 1.25-2.5 2.5-5.0 5.0-6.25 6.25-7.5 0-2.5 2.5-5.0 5.0-7.5
V
u
(kN) 326 272 219 272 326 379 301 379
B x d
(mm)
300 x 532 300 x 540 300 x540 300 x540 300 x532 300x 532 300x540 300 x 532
V
us
/d
(N/mm)
628.6 510.4 408.3 510.4 628.6 742.4 628.6 742.4
V
us

(kN)
334.4 275.6 220.4 275.6 334.4 395 334.4 395
Note: The shear resistance of concrete is neglected.
The designed beam is detailed in Figure 6.
1.11. Design of Selected Columns
Here, design of column C2 of external frame AA
is illustrated. Before proceeding to the actual
design calculations, it will be appropriate to
briefly discuss the salient points of column design
and detailing.
Design:
The column section shall be designed just above
and just below the beam column joint, and larger
of the two reinforcements shall be adopted. This
is similar to what is done for design of continuous
beam reinforcements at the support. The end
moments and end shears are available from
computer analysis. The design moment should
include:
(a) The additional moment if any, due to long
column effect as per clause 39.7 of IS 456:2000.
(b) The moments due to minimum eccentricity as
per clause 25.4 of IS 456:2000.
All columns are subjected to biaxial moments and
biaxial shears.
The longitudinal reinforcements are designed for
axial force and biaxial moment as per IS: 456.
Since the analysis is carried out considering
centre-line dimensions, it is necessary to calculate
the moments at the top or at the bottom faces of
the beam intersecting the column for economy.
Noting that the B.M. diagram of any column is
linear, assume that the points of contraflexure lie
at 0.6 h from the top or bottom as the case may
be; where h is the height of the column. Then
obtain the column moment at the face of the beam
by similar triangles. This will not be applicable to
columns of storey 1 since they do not have points
of contraflexure.
Referring to figure 9, if M is the centre-line
moment in the column obtained by analysis, its
moment at the beam face will be:
0.9 M for columns of 3 to 7
th
storeys, and
0.878 M for columns of storey 2.

Figure 9 Determining moments in the column
at the face of the beam.

Critical load combination may be obtained by
inspection of analysis results. In the present
example, the building is symmetrical and all
columns are of square section. To obtain a trial
section, the following procedure may be used:
Let a rectangular column of size b x D be
subjected to P
u
, M
ux
(moment about major axis)
and M
uz
(moment about minor axis). The trial
section with uniaxial moment is obtained for axial
load and a combination of moments about the
minor and major axis.
For the trial section
u u
P P =
'
and
ux uz uz
M
D
b
M M + =
'
.
Determine trial reinforcement for all or a few
predominant (may be 5 to 8) combinations and
arrive at a trial section.
It may be emphasized that it is necessary to check
the trial section for all combinations of loads since
it is rather difficult to judge the governing
combination by visual inspection.
Detailing:
Detailing of reinforcement as obtained above is
discussed in context with Figure 10. Figure 10(a)
shows the reinforcement area as obtained above at
various column-floor joints for lower and upper
column length. The areas shown in this figure are
fictitious and used for explanation purpose only.
The area required at the beam-column joint shall
have the larger of the two values, viz., for upper
length and lower length. Accordingly the areas
required at the joint are shown in Figure. 10 (b).
Since laps can be provided only in the central half
of the column, the column length for the purpose
of detailing will be from the centre of the lower
column to the centre of the upper column. This
length will be known by the designation of the
lower column as indicated in Figure 9(b).
It may be noted that analysis results may be such
that the column may require larger amounts of
reinforcement in an upper storey as compared to
the lower storey. This may appear odd but should
be acceptable.
1.11.1. Effective length calculations:
Effective length calculations are performed in
accordance with Clause 25.2 and Annex E of IS
456:2000.
Stiffness factor
Stiffness factors ( I / l ) are calculated in Table 21.
Since lengths of the members about both the
bending axes are the same, the suffix specifying
the directions is dropped.
Effective lengths of the selected columns are
calculated in Table 22 and Table 23.

0.9 M
D
0.878 M
C
M
C
M
D
Figure 10 Description of procedure to assume
reinforcement in a typical column

Table 21 Stiffness factors for Selected
Members
Member Size
(mm)
I
(mm
4
)
l
(mm)
Stiffness
Factor
(I/l)x10
-3

All Beams 300 x
600
5.4 x
10
9

7 500 720
Columns
C101,
C102
600 x
600
1.08 x
10
10

1 100 9 818
C201,
C202
500 x
500
5.2 x
10
9

4 100 1 268
C301,
C302
500 x
500
5.2 x
10
9

5 000 1 040
C401,
C402
500x
500
5.2 x
10
9

5 000 1 040

C
2 C
2
Area in mm
2
mm
2
mm
2
mm
2
mm
2
mm
2
mm
2
mm
2
mm
2
(a) Required areas (fictitious)
(b) Proposed areas at joints
Table 22 Effective Lengths of Columns 101, 201 and 301
K
c
Upper joint Lower joint
1

2
l
ef
/L l
ef
Type Column no. Unsupp.
Length
(K
c
+ K
b
) (K
c
+ K
b
)
l
ef
/b or l
ef
/D

About Z (EQ In X direction)
101
(Non-sway)
800 9 818 9 818 +1 268 + 720
= 11 806
Infinite 0.832 0 0.67 536 1.07 Pedestal
201
(Sway)
3 500 1 268 1 040 +1 268 +720
= 3 028
9 818+1 268+720
= 11 806
0.418 0.107 1.22 1.2 4 270 8.54 Short
301
(Sway)
4 400 1 040 1 040 +1 040 +720
= 2 800
1 040 +1 268 +720
= 3 028
0.371 0.341 1.28 1.2 5 632 11.26 Short

About X (EQ In Z direction)
101
(No-sway)
800 9 818 9 818 +1 268 +720
= 11 806
201
(Sway)
3 500 1 268 1 040 +1 268 +720
= 3 028
9 818 +1 268 +720
= 11 806
0.418 0.107 1.22 1.2 4 270 8.54 Short
301
(Sway)
4 400 1 040 1 040 +1 040 +720
= 2 800
1 040 +1 268 +720
= 3 028
0.371 0.341 1.28 1.2 5 632 11.26 Short

Table 23 Effective Lengths of Columns 102, 202 and 302
K
c
Upper joint Lower joint
1

2
l
ef
/L l
ef
Type Column no. Unsupp.
Length
(K
c
+ K
b
) (K
c
+ K
b
)
l
ef
/b
or
l
ef
/D
About Z (EQ In X direction)
102
(No-sway)
800 9 818 9 818 +1 268 +720 x 2
= 12 526
202
(Sway)
3 500 1 268 1 040 +1 268 +720 x 2
= 3 748
9 818 +1 268 +720 x 2
= 12 526
0.338 0.101 1.16
Hence
use 1.2
4 200 8.4 Short
302
(Sway)
4 400 1 040 1 040 x 2 +720 x 2
= 3 520
1 040 +1 268 +720 x 2
= 3 748
0.295 0.277 1.21
Hence
use 1.2
5 324 10.65 Short
About X (EQ In Z direction)
102
(No-sway)
800 9 818 9 818 +1 268 +720
= 11 806
202
(Sway)
3 500 1 268 1 040 +1 268+720
= 3 028
9 818 +1 268 +720
= 11,806
0.418 0.107 1.22
Hence
use 1.2
4 270 8.54 Short
302
(Sway)
4 400 1 040 1 040 +1 040 +720
= 2 800
1 040 +1 268 +720
= 3 028
0.371 0.341 1.28
Hence
use 1.2
5 632 11.26 Short

1.11.2. Determination of trial section:
The axial loads and moments from computer
analysis for the lower length of column 202 are
shown in Table 24 and those for the upper length
of the column are shown in Table 26.In these
tables, calculations for arriving at trial sections are
also given. The calculations are performed as
described in Section 1.11.1 and Figure 10.
Since all the column are short, there will not be
any additional moment due to slenderness. The
minimum eccentricity is given by
30 500
min
D L
e + =
(IS 456:2000, Clause 25.4)
For lower height of column, L = 4,100 600 =
3,500 mm.
mm mm e e
y x
20 66 . 23
30
500
500
3500
min , min ,
> = + = =

e
x,min
= e
z,min
= 23.7 mm.
Similarly, for all the columns in first and second
storey, e
x,min
= e
y,min
= 25 mm.
For upper height of column, L = 5,000 600 =
4,400 mm.

,min ,min
4,400 500
25.46 20
500 30
x z
e e mm mm = = + = >
For all columns in 3
rd
to 7
th
storey.
e
x,min
= e
z,min
= 25.46 mm.
For column C
2
in all floors, i.e., columns C102,
C202, C302, C402, C502, C602 and C702, f
ck
=
25 N/mm
2
, f
y
= 415 N/mm
2
, and . 1 . 0
500
50 '
= =
d
d

Calculations of Table 25 and 27 are based on
uniaxial moment considering steel on two
opposite faces and hence, Chart 32 of SP: 16 is
used for determining the trial areas.
Reinforcement obtained for the trial section is
equally distributed on all four sides. Then, Chart
44 of SP: 16 is used for checking the column
sections, the results being summarized in Tables
25 and 27.
The trial steel area required for section below
joint C of C202 (from Table 25) is p/f
ck
= 0.105
for load combination 1 whereas that for section
above joint C, (from Table 27) is p/f
ck
= 0.11 for
load combination 12.
For lower length, 105 . 0 =
ck
f
p
,
i.e., p = 0.105 x 25 = 2.625, and
. 6562
100
500 500 625 . 2
100
2
mm
pbD
A
sc
=

= =
For upper length, 11 . 0 =
ck
f
p
,
i.e., p = 0.11 x 25 = 2.75, and
. 6875
100
500 500 75 . 2
100
2
mm
pbD
A
sc
=

= =
Trial steel areas required for column lengths
C102, C202, C302, etc., can be determined in a
similar manner. The trial steel areas required at
various locations are shown in Figure 10(a). As
described in Section 1.12. the trial reinforcements
are subsequently selected and provided as shown
in figure 11 (b) and figure 11 (c). Calculations
shown in Tables 25 and 27 for checking the trial
sections are based on provided steel areas.
For example, for column C202 (mid-height of
second storey to the mid-height of third storey),
provide 8-25 # + 8-22 # = 6968 mm
2
, equally
distributed on all faces.
A
sc
= 6968 mm
2
, p = 2.787, 111 . 0 =
ck
f
p
.
P
uz
= [0.45 x 25(500 x 500 6968)
+ 0.75 x 415 x 6968] x 10
-3
= 4902 kN.
Calculations given in Tables 24 to 27 are self-
explanatory.
2
= 6968 mm
8-25 mm #
+ 8-22 mm #
8-25 mm #
D
302
2
6278 mm
2
= 6968 mm
2
16-25 mm #
= 7856 mm
C
B
102
2
2
7762 mm
5400 mm
2
C
A
(c) Areas to be used for detailing
6875 mm
2
202
+ 8-22 mm #
D
302
202
402
D
302
6278 mm
5230 mm
6875 mm
B
A
102
2
C
202
B
A
102
C
2
6562 mm
7762 mm
5400 mm
3780 mm
(a) Required trial areas in
mm at various locations
C C
(b) Proposed reinforcement areas
at various joints
2
2
2
2
2
2
2
2

Figure 11 Required Area of Steel at Various Sections in Column

TABLE 24 TRIAL SECTION BELOW JOINT C
Comb.
Centreline
moment Moment at face Cal. Ecc.,mm Des. Ecc.,mm
P
u

M
uz

No.
P
u
,
kN
e
x
e
z
e
dx
e
dz

M
ux
,
kNm
M
uz
,
kNm

M
ux
,
kNm
M
uz
,
kNm
M
ux
,
kNm
M
uz
,
kNm

1 4002 107 36 93.946 31.608 23.47 7.90 25.00 25.00 100 100 4002 200 0.64 0.06 0.105
2 3253 89 179 78.14 157.16 24.02 48.31 25.00 48.31 81 157 3253 238 0.52 0.08 0.083
3 3225 83 145 72.87 127.31 22.60 39.48 25.00 39.48 81 127 3225 208 0.52 0.07 0.078
4 3151 82 238 72.00 208.96 22.85 66.32 25.00 66.32 79 209 3151 288 0.50 0.09 0.083
5 3179 88 203 77.26 178.23 24.30 56.07 25.00 56.07 79 178 3179 258 0.51 0.08 0.08
6 2833 17 12 14.93 10.54 5.27 3.72 25.00 25.00 71 71 2833 142 0.45 0.05 0.042
7 2805 23 45 20.19 39.51 7.20 14.09 25.00 25.00 70 70 2805 140 0.45 0.04 0.038
8 3571 189 46 165.94 40.39 46.47 11.31 46.47 25.00 166 89 3571 255 0.57 0.08 0.096
9 3598 195 13 171.21 11.41 47.58 3.17 47.58 25.00 171 90 3598 261 0.58 0.08 0.1
10 3155 65 242 57.07 212.48 18.09 67.35 25.00 67.35 79 212 3155 291 0.50 0.09 0.083
11 3120 58 199 50.92 174.72 16.32 56.00 25.00 56.00 78 175 3120 253 0.50 0.08 0.079
12 3027 57 279 50.05 244.96 16.53 80.93 25.00 80.93 76 245 3027 321 0.48 0.10 0.097
13 3063 65 236 57.07 207.21 18.63 67.65 25.00 67.65 77 207 3063 284 0.49 0.09 0.082
14 2630 68 3 59.70 2.63 22.70 1.00 25.00 25.00 66 66 2630 132 0.42 0.04 0.024
15 2596 75 38 65.85 33.36 25.37 12.85 25.37 25.00 66 65 2596 131 0.42 0.04 0.024
16 3552 190 40 166.82 35.12 46.97 9.89 46.97 25.00 167 89 3552 256 0.57 0.08 0.1
17 3587 198 1 173.84 0.88 48.47 0.24 48.47 25.00 174 90 3587 264 0.57 0.08 0.1
18 1919 41 249 36.00 218.62 18.76 113.92 25.00 113.92 48 219 1919 267 0.31 0.09 0.04
19 1883 33 206 28.97 180.87 15.39 96.05 25.00 96.05 47 181 1883 228 0.30 0.07 0.023
20 1791 33 272 28.97 238.82 16.18 133.34 25.00 133.34 45 239 1791 284 0.29 0.09 0.038
21 1826 40 229 35.12 201.06 19.23 110.11 25.00 110.11 46 201 1826 247 0.29 0.08 0.03
22 1394 92 10 80.78 8.78 57.95 6.30 57.95 25.00 81 35 1394 116 0.22 0.04 negative
23 1359 100 31 87.80 27.22 64.61 20.03 64.61 25.00 88 34 1359 122 0.22 0.04 negative
24 2316 166 32 145.75 28.10 62.93 12.13 62.93 25.00 146 58 2316 204 0.37 0.07 0.038
25 2351 173 9 151.89 7.90 64.61 3.36 64.61 25.00 152 59 2351 211 0.38 0.07 0.04

bD f
P
ck
u
'
2
'
bD f
M
ck
u
ck
f
p
TABLE 25
CHECKING THE DESIGN OF TABLE 24

Comb.
P
u

n

M
ux
, M
uz
,

M
u1

Check
No. kNm kNm

1 4002 0.82 2.03 0.64 100 100 0.09 281 0.123 0.123 0.246
2 3253 0.66 1.77 0.52 81 157 0.13 406 0.058 0.186 0.243
3 3225 0.66 1.76 0.52 81 127 0.13 406 0.058 0.129 0.187
4 3151 0.64 1.74 0.50 79 209 0.13 406 0.058 0.315 0.373
5 3179 0.65 1.75 0.51 79 178 0.13 406 0.058 0.237 0.295
6 2833 0.58 1.63 0.45 71 71 0.135 422 0.055 0.055 0.109
7 2805 0.57 1.62 0.45 70 70 0.135 422 0.055 0.055 0.109
8 3571 0.73 1.88 0.57 166 89 0.105 328 0.277 0.086 0.364
9 3598 0.73 1.89 0.58 171 90 0.105 328 0.292 0.087 0.379
10 3155 0.64 1.74 0.50 79 212 0.13 406 0.058 0.324 0.382
11 3120 0.64 1.73 0.50 78 175 0.13 406 0.058 0.233 0.291
12 3027 0.62 1.70 0.48 76 245 0.135 422 0.054 0.398 0.452
13 3063 0.62 1.71 0.49 77 207 0.135 422 0.054 0.297 0.351
14 2630 0.54 1.56 0.42 66 66 0.145 453 0.049 0.049 0.098
15 2596 0.53 1.55 0.42 66 65 0.145 453 0.050 0.049 0.100
16 3552 0.72 1.87 0.57 167 89 0.105 328 0.281 0.086 0.368
17 3587 0.73 1.89 0.57 174 90 0.105 328 0.302 0.087 0.388
18 1919 0.39 1.32 0.31 48 219 0.17 531 0.042 0.310 0.352
19 1883 0.38 1.31 0.30 47 181 0.18 563 0.039 0.227 0.266
20 1791 0.37 1.28 0.29 45 239 0.18 563 0.040 0.335 0.375
21 1826 0.37 1.29 0.29 46 201 0.18 563 0.039 0.266 0.305
22 1394 0.28 1.14 0.22 81 35 0.175 547 0.113 0.043 0.156
23 1359 0.28 1.13 0.22 88 34 0.175 547 0.127 0.043 0.170
24 2316 0.47 1.45 0.37 146 58 0.16 500 0.166 0.043 0.210
25 2351 0.48 1.47 0.38 152 59 0.16 500 0.174 0.043 0.218
uz
u
P
P
bD f
P
ck
u
2
1
bd f
M
ck
u
n
u
uz
M
M

1
n
u
ux
M
M

1
TABLE 26 TRIAL SECTION ABOVE J OINT C

Comb.
Centreline
moment
Moment at
face Cal. Ecc.,mm Des. Ecc.,mm
P
u

M
uz

No.
P
u
,
kN
e
x
e
z
e
dx
e
dz

M
ux
,
kNm
M
uz
,
kNm

M
ux
,
kNm
M
uz
,
kNm
M
ux
,
kNm
M
uz
,
kNm

1 3339 131 47 117.9 42.3 35.31 12.67 35.31 25.00 118 83 3339 201 0.53 0.06 0.075
2 2710 111 293 99.9 263.7 36.86 97.31 36.86 97.31 100 264 2710 364 0.43 0.12 0.095
3 2687 99 238 89.1 214.2 33.16 79.72 33.16 79.72 89 214 2687 303 0.43 0.10 0.075
4 2632 98 368 88.2 331.2 33.51 125.84 33.51 125.84 88 331 2632 419 0.42 0.13 0.1
5 2654 110 313 99 281.7 37.30 106.14 37.30 106.14 99 282 2654 381 0.42 0.12 0.09
6 2377 87 11 78.3 9.9 32.94 4.16 32.94 25.00 78 59 2377 138 0.38 0.04 0.018
7 2355 98 63 88.2 56.7 37.45 24.08 37.45 25.00 88 59 2355 147 0.38 0.05 0.022
8 2965 296 65 266.4 58.5 89.85 19.73 89.85 25.00 266 74 2965 341 0.47 0.11 0.095
9 2987 307 13 276.3 11.7 92.50 3.92 92.50 25.00 276 75 2987 351 0.48 0.11 0.096
10 2643 78 389 70.2 350.1 26.56 132.46 26.56 132.46 70 350 2643 420 0.42 0.13 0.1
11 2616 64 321 57.6 288.9 22.02 110.44 25.00 110.44 65 289 2616 354 0.42 0.11 0.082
12 2547 63 437 56.7 393.3 22.26 154.42 25.00 154.42 64 393 2547 457 0.41 0.15 0.11
13 2548 77 368 69.3 331.2 27.20 129.98 27.20 129.98 69 331 2548 401 0.41 0.13 0.096
14 2228 169 10 152.1 9 68.27 4.04 68.27 25.00 152 56 2228 208 0.36 0.07 0.038
15 2201 183 55 164.7 49.5 74.83 22.49 74.83 25.00 165 55 2201 220 0.35 0.07 0.037
16 2963 310 58 279 52.2 94.16 17.62 94.16 25.00 279 74 2963 353 0.47 0.11 0.095
17 2990 324 7 291.6 6.3 97.53 2.11 97.53 25.00 292 75 2990 366 0.48 0.12 0.102
18 1605 50 399 45 359.1 28.04 223.74 28.04 223.74 45 359 1605 404 0.26 0.13 0.062
19 1577 36 330 32.4 297 20.55 188.33 25.00 188.33 39 297 1577 336 0.25 0.11 0.046
20 1509 35 427 31.5 384.3 20.87 254.67 25.00 254.67 38 384 1509 422 0.24 0.14 0.07
21 1537 49 358 44.1 322.2 28.69 209.63 28.69 209.63 44 322 1537 366 0.25 0.12 0.056
22 1189 197 20 177.3 18 149.12 15.14 149.12 25.00 177 30 1189 207 0.19 0.07 0.016
23 1162 211 45 189.9 40.5 163.43 34.85 163.43 34.85 190 41 1162 230 0.19 0.07 0.016
24 1925 281 48 252.9 43.2 131.38 22.44 131.38 25.00 253 48 1925 301 0.31 0.10 negative
25 1952 295 17 265.5 15.3 136.01 7.84 136.01 25.00 266 49 1952 314 0.31 0.10 negative

bD f
P
ck
u
'
2
'
bD f
M
ck
u
ck
f
p
TABLE 27
Design Check on Trial Section of Table 26 above Joint C

Comb.
P
u

n

M
ux
, M
uz
,

M
u1

Check
No. kNm kNm

1 3339 0.68 1.80 0.53 118 83 0.12 375 0.124 0.067 0.191
2 2710 0.55 1.59 0.43 100 264 0.145 453 0.091 0.423 0.514
3 2687 0.55 1.58 0.43 89 214 0.145 453 0.076 0.306 0.382
4 2632 0.54 1.56 0.42 88 331 0.145 453 0.078 0.613 0.691
5 2654 0.54 1.57 0.42 99 282 0.145 453 0.092 0.474 0.566
6 2377 0.48 1.48 0.38 78 59 0.155 484 0.068 0.045 0.113
7 2355 0.48 1.47 0.38 88 59 0.155 484 0.082 0.045 0.127
8 2965 0.60 1.68 0.47 266 74 0.13 406 0.493 0.058 0.551
9 2987 0.61 1.68 0.48 276 75 0.13 406 0.523 0.058 0.581
10 2643 0.54 1.57 0.42 70 350 0.145 453 0.054 0.668 0.722
11 2616 0.53 1.56 0.42 65 289 0.14 438 0.052 0.524 0.576
12 2547 0.52 1.53 0.41 64 393 0.14 438 0.052 0.849 0.901
13 2548 0.52 1.53 0.41 69 331 0.14 438 0.059 0.653 0.712
14 2228 0.45 1.42 0.36 152 56 0.17 531 0.168 0.040 0.209
15 2201 0.45 1.42 0.35 165 55 0.17 531 0.191 0.040 0.231
16 2963 0.60 1.67 0.47 279 74 0.13 406 0.533 0.058 0.591
17 2990 0.61 1.68 0.48 292 75 0.13 406 0.572 0.058 0.630
18 1605 0.33 1.21 0.26 45 359 0.17 531 0.050 0.622 0.672
19 1577 0.32 1.20 0.25 39 297 0.17 531 0.044 0.497 0.541
20 1509 0.31 1.18 0.24 38 384 0.17 531 0.044 0.682 0.727
21 1537 0.31 1.19 0.25 44 322 0.17 531 0.052 0.552 0.603
22 1189 0.24 1.07 0.19 177 30 0.18 563 0.290 0.043 0.333
23 1162 0.24 1.06 0.19 190 41 0.18 563 0.316 0.061 0.377
24 1925 0.39 1.32 0.31 253 48 0.17 531 0.375 0.042 0.417
25 1952 0.40 1.33 0.31 266 49 0.17 531 0.397 0.042 0.439
uz
u
P
P
bD f
P
ck
u
2
1
bd f
M
ck
u
n
u
uz
M
M

1
n
u
ux
M
M

1
1.11.3. Design of Transverse reinforcement
Three types of transverse reinforcement (hoops or
ties) will be used. These are:
i) General hoops: These are designed for shear as
per recommendations of IS 456:2000 and IS
13920:1993.
ii) Special confining hoops, as per IS 13920:1993
with spacing smaller than that of the general
hoops
iii) Hoops at lap: Column bars shall be lapped
only in central half portion of the column. Hoops
with reduced spacing as per IS 13920:1993 shall
be used at regions of lap splicing.
1.11.3.1. Design of general hoops
(A) Diameter and no. of legs
Rectangular hoops may be used in rectangular
column. Here, rectangular hoops of 8 mm
diameter are used.

Here h = 500 2 x 40 + 8 (using 8# ties)
= 428 mm > 300 mm (Clause 7.3.1, IS
13920:1993)
The spacing of bars is (395/4) = 98.75 mm, which
is more than 75 mm. Thus crossties on all bars
are required
(IS 456:2000, Clause 26.5.3.2.b-1)

Provide 3 no open crossties along X and 3 no
open crossties along Z direction. Then total legs
of stirrups (hoops) in any direction = 2 +3 = 5.
(B) Spacing of hoops
As per IS 456:2000, Clause 26.5.3.2.(c), the pitch
of ties shall not exceed:
(i) b of the column = 500 mm
(ii) 16
min
(smallest diameter) = 16 x 20
= 320 mm
(iii) 300 mm . (1)

The spacing of hoops is also checked in terms of
maximum permissible spacing of shear
reinforcement given in IS 456:2000, Clause
26.5.1.5
b x d = 500 x 450 mm. Using 8# hoops,
A
sv
= 5 x 50 = 250 mm
2
.
The spacing should not exceed
(i)
b
A f 0.87
SV y
4 . 0
(requirement for minimum shear
reinforcement)
= mm 451.3
500 4 . 0
250 415 87 . 0
=

(ii) 0.75 d = 0.75 X 450 = 337.5 mm
(iii) 300 mm; i.e., 300 mm (2)
As per IS 13920:1993, Clause 7.3.3,
Spacing of hoops b/2 of column
= 500 / 2 = 250 mm (3)
From (1), (2) and (3), maximum spacing of
stirrups is 250 mm c/c.
1.11.3.2. Design Shear
As per IS 13920:1993, Clause 7.3.4, design shear
for columns shall be greater of the followings:
(a) Design shear as obtained from analysis
For C
202
, lower height, V
u
= 161.2 kN, for load
combination 12.
For C
202
, upper height, V
u
= 170.0 kN, for load
combination 12.
(b) V
u
= 1.4
+
st
lim u, lim u,
h
M M
bR bL
.
For C202, lower height, using sections of B2001
and B2002

lim ,
bL
u
M = 568 kNm (Table 18)

lim ,
bR
u
M = 568 kNm, (Table 18)
h
st
= 4.1 m.
Hence,
+
=
+
=
4.1
568 568
4 . 1
h
M M
4 . 1
st
lim u, lim u,
bR bL
u
V
= 387.9 kN say 390 kN.
For C202, upper height, assuming same design as
sections of B2001 and B2002

lim ,
bL
u
M (Table 18) = 585 kNm
bR
u
M
lim ,
(Table 18) = 585 kNm, and
h
st
= 5.0 m.

Then

kN. 6 . 327
5.0
585 585
4 . 1
h
M M
4 . 1
st
lim u, lim u,
=
+
=
+
=
bR bL
u
V

Design shear is maximum of (a) and (b).
Then, design shear V
u
= 390 kN. Consider the
column as a doubly reinforced beam, b = 500 mm
and d = 450 mm.
A
s
= 0.5 A
sc
= 0.5 x 6 968 = 3 484 mm
2
.
For load combination 12, P
u
= 3,027 kN for lower
length and P
u
= 2,547 kN for upper length.

Then,
1.5.
1.5
length. upper for , 22 . 2
25 500 500
1000 2547 3
1
and length, lower for , 45 . 2
25 500 500
1000 3027 3
1
40.2.2) Clause 2000, : 456 (IS
P 3
1
u
=
=

+ =
=

+ =
+ =
Take
f A
ck g

mm 8 . 299
1000 5 . 135
450 250 415 87 . 0
87 . 0
s
Then
stirrups. legged 5 # mm 8 using , mm 250
kN 5 . 135 5 . 254 390
kN 5 . 254 10 450 500 13 . 1 bd
N/mm 13 . 1 753 . 0 5 . 1 and N/mm 753 . 0
58 . 1
450 500
3484 100 100
v
2
3 -
c
2
c
2
=

= =
=
= =
= = =
= = =
=
=
us
sv y
sv
us
uc
c
s
V
d A f
A
V
V
bd
A

Use 200 mm spacing for general ties.
1.11.3.3. Design of Special Confining Hoops:
As per Clause 7.4.1 of IS 13920:1993, special
confining reinforcement shall be provided over a
length l
0
, where flexural yielding may occur.

l
0
shall not be less than
(i) D of member, i.e., 500 mm
(ii) ,
6
L
c

i.e.,
6
600) - (4100
= 583 mm for column C202
and,
6
600) - (5000
=733 mm for column C302.
Provide confining reinforcement over a length of
600 mm in C202 and 800 mm in C302 from top
and bottom ends of the column towards mid
height.
As per Clause 7.4.2 of IS 13920:1993, special
confining reinforcement shall extend for
minimum 300 mm into the footing. It is extended
for 300 mm as shown in Figure 12.
As per Clause 7.4.6 of IS 13920:1993, the
spacing, s, of special confining reinforcement is
governed by:
s 0.25 D = 0.25 x 500 = 125 mm 75 mm
100mm
i.e. Spacing = 75 mm to 100 mm c/c... (1)
As per Clause 7.4.8 of IS 13920:1993, the area of
special confining reinforcement, A
sh
, is given by:

A
sh
= 0.18 s h . -
A
A
f
f
k
g
y
ck
0 1
Here average h referring to fig 12 is
mm 107
4
100 98 130 100
=
+ + +
= h
A
sh
= 50.26 mm
2

A
k
= 428 mm x 428 mm
50.26 = 0.18 x s x 107 x
1 -
428 428
500 500

415
25

50.26 = 0.4232 s
s = 118.7 mm
100 mm (2)
Provide 8 mm # 5 legged confining hoops in both
the directions @ 100 mm c/c.

450
8 mm # 5 leg @ 150 mm c/c (8 no.)
8 mm # 5 leg @ 100 mm c/c
98 130
100 100
100
130
both ways
28-16 #
100
M10 Grade
Concrete
M20
150
4200
Pedestal M25
8 mm # 5 leg @ 200 mm c/c ( 2no.)
8 mm # 5 leg @ 200 mm c/c (3 no.)
16 - 25 mm #
re - 9
n 102 - 202 - 302
98
100
8 - 25 mm # + 8 - 22 mm #
be lapped at the section
* Not more than 50 % of the bars
for clarity
* Beam reinforcements not shown
500
5
0
0
600
4400
600
3500
600
800
900
800 800 800
8 mm # 5 leg @ 100 mm c/c (25 no.)
8 mm # 5 leg @ 150 mm c/c (8 no.)
8 mm # 5 leg @ 100 mm c/c (20 no.)
8 mm # 5 leg @ 200 mm c/c (4 no.)
8 mm # 5 leg @ 200 mm c/c (4 no.)
8 - 25 mm # + 8 - 22 mm #

Figure 12 Reinforcement Details


1.11.3.4. Design of hoops at lap
As per Clause 7.2.1 of IS 13920:1993, hoops shall
be provided over the entire splice length at a
spacing not exceeding 150 mm centres
Moreover, not more than 50 percent of the bars
shall be spliced at any one section.
Splice length = L
d
in tension = 40.3 d
b
.
Consider splicing the bars at the centre (central
half ) of column 302.
Splice length = 40.3 x 25 = 1008 mm, say 1100
mm. For splice length of 40.3 d
b
, the spacing of
hoops is reduced to 150 mm. Refer to Figure 12.
1.11.3.5. Column Details
The designed column lengths are detailed
in Figure 12. Columns below plinth require
smaller areas of reinforcement; however, the bars
that are designed in ground floor (storey 1) are
extended below plinth and into the footings.
While detailing the shear reinforcements, the
lengths of the columns for which these hoops are
provided, are slightly altered to provide the exact
number of hoops. Footings also may be cast in
M25 grade concrete.
1.12. Design of footing: (M20 Concrete):
It can be observed from table 24 and table 26 that
load combinations 1 and 12 are governing for the
design of column. These are now tried for the
design of footings also. The footings are subjected
to biaxial moments due to dead and live loads and
uniaxial moment due to earthquake loads. While
the combinations are considered, the footing is
subjected to biaxial moments. Since this building
is very symmetrical, moment about minor axis is
just negligible. However, the design calculations
are performed for biaxial moment case. An
isolated pad footing is designed for column C2.
Since there is no limit state method for soil
design, the characteristic loads will be considered
for soil design. These loads are taken from the
computer output of the example building. Assume
thickness of the footing pad D = 900 mm.
(a) Size of footing:
Case 1:
Combination 1, i.e., (DL + LL)
P = (2291 + 608) = 2899 kN
H
x
= 12 kN, H
z
= 16 kN
M
x
= 12 kNm, M
z
= 6 kNm.
At the base of the footing
P = 2899 kN
P = 2899 + 435 (self-weight) = 3334 kN,
assuming self-weight of footing to be 15%
of the column axial loads (DL + LL).
M
x1
= M
x
+ H
y
D
= 12 + 16 0.9 = 26.4 kNm
M
z1
= M
z
+H
y
D
= 6 + 12 0.9 = 18.8 kNm.
For the square column, the square footing shall be
adopted. Consider 4.2 m 4.2 m size.
A = 4.2 4.2 = 17.64 m
2

Z =
6
1
4.2 4.2
2
= 12.348 m
3
.
189
17.64
3344
= =
A
P
kN/m
2

2.14
12.348
26.4

1
= =
x
x
Z
M
kN/m
2

1.52
12.348
18.8

1
= =
z
z
Z
M
kN/m
2

Maximum soil pressure
= 189 + 2.14 + 1.52
= 192.66 kN/m
2
< 200 kN/m
2

Minimum soil pressure
= 189 2.14 1.52
= 185.34 kN/m
2
> 0 kN/m
2
.

Case 2:
Combination 12, i.e., (DL - EXTP)
Permissible soil pressure is increased by 25%.
i.e., allowable bearing pressure = 200 1.25
= 250 kN/m
2
.
P = (2291 - 44) = 2247 kN
H
x
= 92 kN, H
z
= 13 kN
M
x
= 3 kNm, M
z
= 216 kNm.
At the base of the footing
P = 2247 kN
P = 2247 + 435 (self-weight) = 2682 kN.
M
x1
= M
x
+ H
y
D
= 3 + 13 0.9 = 14.7 kNm
M
z1
= M
z
+H
y
D
= 216 + 92 0.9 = 298.8 kNm.
152.04
17.64
2682

'
= =
A
P
kN/m
2

1.19
12.348
14.7

1
= =
x
x
Z
M
kN/m
2

24.20
12.348
298.8

1
= =
z
z
Z
M
kN/m
2

Maximum soil pressure
= 152.04 + 1.19 + 24.2
= 177.43 kN/m
2
< 250 kN/m
2
.
Minimum soil pressure
= 152.04 - 1.19 24.2
= 126.65 kN/m
2
> 0 kN/m
2
.
Case 1 governs.
In fact all combinations may be checked for
maximum and minimum pressures and design the
footing for the worst combination.
Design the footing for combination 1, i.e., DL +
LL.
2
kN/mm 164.34
17.64
2899
= =
A
P

Factored upward pressures for design of the
footing with biaxial moment are as follows.
For M
x

p
up
= 164.34 + 2.14 = 166.48 kN/m
2

p
u,up
= 1.5 166.48 = 249.72 kN/m
2

For M
z

p
up
= 164.34 + 1.52 = 165.86 kN/m
2

p
u,up
= 1.5 165.86 = 248.8 kN/m
2

Since there is no much difference in the values,
the footing shall be designed for M
z
for an upward
pressure of 250 kN/m
2
on one edge and 167
kN/m
2
on the opposite edge of the footing.
The same design will be followed for the other
direction also.
Net upward forces acting on the footing are
shown in fig. 13.

kN/m
2 2
kN/m
4
2
0
0
4200
1
6
3
4
(c) Plan
D
C B
A
1283 417
(b) Upward pressure
232.7
224.6
216.4
250 167
874 826
1283 417
(a) Flexure and one way shear
826
417
800
1700
1700
800 1700 1700
1 2
Z Z Z
Z
1 2
Z Z

Figure 13
(b) Size of pedestal:
A pedestal of size 800 mm 800 mm is used.
For a pedestal
A = 800 800 = 640000 mm
2

Z =
3 2
mm 85333333 800 800
6
1
=
For case 1
q
01
=
85333333
10 ) 8 . 18 4 . 26 (
800 800
1000 2899
6
+
+

= 4.53 + 0.53 = 5.06 N/mm
2
(1)
For case 2
q
02
=
85333333
10 ) 8 . 298 7 . 14 (
800 800
1000 2247
6
+
+

= 3.51 + 3.67 = 7.18 N/mm
2

Since 33.33 % increase in stresses is permitted
due to the presence of EQ loads, equivalent stress
due to DL + LL is
. N/mm 4 . 5 33 . 1 18 . 7
2
= (2)
From (1) and (2) consider q
0
= 5.4 N/mm
2
.
For the pedestal
1
20
4 . 5 100
9 . 0 tan +

This gives
0
14 . 78 i.e., , 762 . 4 tan
Projection of the pedestal = 150 mm
Depth of pedestal = 150 4.762 = 714.3 mm.
Provide 800 mm deep pedestal.
(c) Moment steel:
Net cantilever on x-x or z-z
= 0.5(4.2-0.8) = 1.7 m.
Refer to fig. 13.
2 . 4 7 . 1
3
2
7 . 1 250
2
1
7 . 1
3
1
7 . 1 4 . 216
2
1
+ =
uz
M
= 1449 kNm
For the pad footing, width b = 4200 mm
For M20 grade concrete, Q
bal
= 2.76.
Balanced depth required
= mm 354
4200 76 . 2
10 1449
6
=

Try a depth of 900 mm overall. Larger depth may
be required for shear design. Assume 16 mm
diameter bars.
d
x
= 900 50 8 = 842 mm
d
z
= 842 16 = 826 mm.
Average depth = 0.5(842+826) = 834 mm.
Design for z direction.
506 . 0
826 826 4200
10 1449
6
2
=

=
bd
M
uz

16 : SP 2, table from , 145 . 0 =
t
p
2
mm 5481 900 4200
100
145 . 0
= =
st
A
2
min ,
mm 4536 900 4200
100
12 . 0
= =
st
A
(Clause 34.5, IS: 456)
Provide 28 no. 16 mm diameter bars.
A
st
= 5628 mm
2
.

(o.k.) .... ...... mm 826 3
mm 26 . 151
27
16 100 4200
Spacing
<
=

=

(d) Development length:
HYSD bars are provided without anchorage.
Development length = 47 16 = 752 mm
Anchorage length available
= 1700 50 (cover) = 1650 mm (o.k.)
(e) One-way shear:
About z
1
-z
1

At d = 826 mm from the face of the pedestal
kN 886 2 . 4
2
250 7 . 232
874 . 0 =
+
=
u
V
b = 4200 mm, d = 826 mm
2
N/mm 255 . 0
826 4200
1000 886
=
= =
bd
V
u
v

162 . 0
826 4200
5628 100 100
=
=
bd
A
st

c
= 0.289 N/mm2
v
<
c
(o.k.)

(f) Two-way shear:
This is checked at d/2, where d is an average
depth, i.e., at 417 mm from the face of the
pedestal. Refer to fig. 13 (c).
Width of punching square
= 800 + 2417 = 1634 mm.
Two-way shear along linr AB
kN. 883 283 . 1
2
2 . 4 634 . 1
2
250 6 . 224
=
+
=
2
N/mm 0.648
834 1634
1000 883
=
= =
bd
V
u
v

Design shear strength = k
s
c
, where
k
s
= 0.5 +
c
and
c
= (b
c
/
c
l ) = 500/500 = 1
k
s
= 0.5 +1 = 1.51, i.e., k
s
= 1
Also,
2
N/mm 118 . 1 20 25 . 0 25 . 0 = = =
ck c
f
Then k
s
c
= 1.118 = 1.118 N/mm
2
.
Here
v
<
c
(o.k.)`

(g) Transfer of load from pedestal to footing:
Design bearing pressure at the base of pedestal
=
2
N/mm 25 . 11 25 45 . 0 45 . 0 = =
ck
f
Design bearing pressure at the top of the footing
2
2
1
N/mm 18 20 45 . 0 2 45 . 0 = = =
ck
f
A
A

Thus design bearing pressure = 11.25 N/mm
2
.
Actual bearing pressure for case 1
= 1.5 q
01
= 1.5 5.06 = 7.59 N/mm
2
.
Actual bearing pressure for case 2
= 1.2 q
02
= 1.2 7.18 = 8.62 N/mm
2
.
Thus dowels are not required.
Minimum dowel area = (0.5/100) 800 800
= 3200 mm
2
.
Area of column bars = 7856 mm
2

It is usual to take all the bars in the footing to act
as dowel bars in such cases.
Minimum Length of dowels in column = L
d
of
column bars
= 28 25 = 700 mm.
Length of dowels in pedestal = 800 mm.
Length of dowels in footing
= D + 450 = 900 + 450 = 1350 mm.
This includes bend and ell of the bars at the end.
The Dowels are lapped with column bars in
central half length of columns in ground floors.
Here the bars are lapped at mid height of the
column width 1100 mm lapped length.
Total length of dowel (Refer to fig. 12)
= 1350 + 800 + 600 + 1750 + 550
= 5050 mm.
Note that 1100 mm lap is given about the mid-
height of the column.

(h) Weight of the footing:
= 4.2 4.2 0.9 25 = 396.9 kN
< 435 kN, assumed.
Acknowledgement
The authors thank Dr R.K.Ingle and Dr. O.R.
Jaiswal of VNIT Nagpur and Dr. Bhupinder Singh
of NIT Jalandhar for their review and assistance
in the development of this example problem.
.

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