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    Computer Communication & Networks: Transport Layer: Congestion Control

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    Ali Ahmad
    The document discusses congestion control in computer networks. Congestion occurs when network load exceeds capacity. Congestion control aims to prevent or remove congestion through open-loop prevention and closed-loop removal techniques. For example, TCP uses slow-start and congestion avoidance algorithms to control window size and prevent or remove congestion. Increasing buffer size alone does not reduce congestion, as it can increase packet delays and timeouts, leading to more congestion overall. Congestion control is a difficult problem to solve in packet networks.

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    Computer Communication & Networks: Transport Layer: Congestion Control

    Uploaded by

    Ali Ahmad
    7 views14 pages
    The document discusses congestion control in computer networks. Congestion occurs when network load exceeds capacity. Congestion control aims to prevent or remove congestion through open-loop prevention and closed-loop removal techniques. For example, TCP uses slow-start and congestion avoidance algorithms to control window size and prevent or remove congestion. Increasing buffer size alone does not reduce congestion, as it can increase packet delays and timeouts, leading to more congestion overall. Congestion control is a difficult problem to solve in packet networks.

    Original Description:

    dfds

    Original Title

    Lecture 25

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    The document discusses congestion control in computer networks. Congestion occurs when network load exceeds capacity. Congestion control aims to prevent or remove congestion through open-loop prevention and closed-loop removal techniques. For example, TCP uses slow-start and congestion avoidance algorithms to control window size and prevent or remove congestion. Increasing buffer size alone does not reduce congestion, as it can increase packet delays and timeouts, leading to more congestion overall. Congestion control is a difficult problem to solve in packet networks.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    7 views14 pages

    Computer Communication & Networks: Transport Layer: Congestion Control

    Uploaded by

    Ali Ahmad
    The document discusses congestion control in computer networks. Congestion occurs when network load exceeds capacity. Congestion control aims to prevent or remove congestion through open-loop prevention and closed-loop removal techniques. For example, TCP uses slow-start and congestion avoidance algorithms to control window size and prevent or remove congestion. Increasing buffer size alone does not reduce congestion, as it can increase packet delays and timeouts, leading to more congestion overall. Congestion control is a difficult problem to solve in packet networks.

    Copyright:

    Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
    Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online from Scribd
    Download as ppt, pdf, or txt
    of 14

    Computer Communication & Networks

    Lecture 25 Transport Layer: Congestion Control http://web.uettaxila.edu.pk/CMS/coeCCNbsSp09/index.asp

    Waleed Ejaz [email protected]

    Transport Layer

    Transport Layer Topics to Cover


    UDP, TCP, STCP Congestion Control

    Congestion

    Congestion in a network may occur if the load on the networkthe number of packets sent to the networkis greater than the capacity of the networkthe number of packets a network can handle. Congestion control refers to the mechanisms and techniques to control the congestion and keep the load below the capacity.

    Congestion in packet switching networks

    Question:
    Is it possible to avoid/reduce congestion by increasing buffer size?

    Congestion in packet switching networks


    NO
    Buffer is larger, then waiting time is longer. It will cause time out and retransmit packets, thus more congestion. If buffer size is infinite, then packet can delay forever.

    Congestion control is a very hard problem

    Packet delay and throughput as functions of load

    Congestion Control

    Congestion control refers to techniques and mechanisms that can either prevent congestion, before it happens, or remove congestion, after it has happened. In general, we can divide congestion control mechanisms into two broad categories:

    open-loop congestion control (prevention) closed-loop congestion control (removal)

    Example

    To better understand the concept of congestion control, let us give an example: Congestion Control in TCP.

    Slow Start, Exponential Increase

    In the slow-start algorithm, the size of the congestion window increases exponentially until it reaches a threshold.

    10

    Congestion Avoidance: Additive Increase

    In the congestion avoidance algorithm, the size of the congestion window increases additively until congestion is detected.

    11

    Congestion Example

    12

    Quiz 5 (1)

    Use the Bellman Ford algorithm to find the shortest paths from all other nodes to node 3.

    13

    Quiz 5 (2)

    Apply Dijkstras algorithm to the following network to generate a shortest-path-tree for node E, and build a routing table for node E.

    14

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