From Bajaj to Philosophy: Unveiling 'Manut Kersane Gusti'

It's remarkable how lessons can appear from the most unexpected sources. Today, my educator was a Bajaj driver on my route from Gambir Station to my home. The message 'Manut Kersane Gusti' printed on the back of his shirt didn't just catch my eye—it reminded me of a concept I frequently encountered during my university days in Yogyakarta. Later, as I revisited my Javanese philosophy book, I realized this phrase was emphasized as a fundamental spiritual principle. Compelled by this serendipitous reminder, I paused my scheduled activities to document this insight. Sharing this experience, I aim not primarily to instruct but to open a dialogue of learning about this deep philosophical tenet with my audience.

Section A: Embracing "Manut kersane Gusti": A Spiritual and Cultural Journey

The Core of "Manut kersane Gusti"

"Manut kersane Gusti," or "following the will of God," represents a profound spiritual and philosophical bedrock within Javanese culture, advocating for a life in harmony with divine intent. This principle weaves together an active engagement with faith, a dedication to both personal and communal growth, and a nuanced understanding of life's unpredictability under divine guidance. It serves as a multifaceted approach to spirituality, emphasizing the importance of integrating faith into every aspect of life and society.

Active Engagement and Cultural Harmony

Emphasizing active engagement rather than passive acceptance, "Manut kersane Gusti" advocates for excellence in all endeavors as a reflection of one's devotion. This approach is balanced by an understanding of divine sovereignty, which fosters resilience by viewing life's outcomes through a spiritual lens. Javanese culture's unique blend of animistic, Hindu-Buddhist, and Islamic influences enriches this principle, promoting a society where spiritual fulfillment and communal well-being take precedence over individual ambitions.

The "sovereignty of God" refers to the belief in God's ultimate authority and power over the universe, including the fate and actions of individuals. It encompasses the idea that every aspect of life is under divine control and direction, from the grand scale of cosmic events to the minute details of daily life. In the context of "Manut kersane Gusti," the sovereignty of God underlines the principle of living in accordance with divine will, acknowledging that while humans can strive and make choices, the ultimate outcome of all endeavors is determined by God's will. This belief encourages individuals to pursue excellence in their actions and to accept life's outcomes—both successes and challenges—as part of a divine plan. It fosters a mindset of humility, patience, and resilience, as individuals recognize their efforts as part of a larger, divinely orchestrated tapestry.

By embracing the sovereignty of God, "Manut kersane Gusti" advocates for a life lived in harmony with divine guidance, emphasizing the importance of faith, ethical conduct, and communal well-being. This concept also facilitates a deep sense of peace and purpose, as individuals trust in the divine wisdom behind the unfolding of their lives and the broader universe.

Living "Manut kersane Gusti" in Daily Life

In the fabric of Javanese life, "Manut kersane Gusti" shapes decision-making, conflict resolution, and social interactions, advocating for a contemplative stance towards life's challenges and opportunities. This principle encourages ethical living, underpinned by virtues like patience, humility, and generosity, and fosters a communal ethos characterized by interconnectedness and mutual support. Through a collective decision-making process that values consensus, "Manut kersane Gusti" cultivates a harmonious society aligned with collective values and spiritual growth.

As we explore deeper into the essence of 'Manut kersane Gusti' and its pivotal role within Javanese culture, it becomes imperative to examine its dimensions through a broader lens. Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural framework offers a structured approach, enabling us to explore the nuanced ways in which 'Manut kersane Gusti' intertwines with fundamental cultural orientations.

Section B: A Cultural Framework Analysis: Applying Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck

Introduction to the Framework

Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural framework is a model used to analyze and compare cultural differences by exploring how societies address universal human concerns. It identifies five dimensions of cultural variation: human nature orientation, man-nature orientation, time orientation, activity orientation, and relational orientation. Applying this framework to "Manut kersane Gusti" helps to understand how the principle reflects and reinforces Javanese cultural orientations toward these universal concerns. It provides a structured approach to examining the cultural significance of "Manut kersane Gusti" and its impact on societal values, behaviors, and worldviews.

To deepen our understanding of "Manut kersane Gusti" and its profound impact on Javanese culture, we apply Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural framework. This analysis provides a structured approach to exploring how "Manut kersane Gusti" intersects with and reinforces key cultural orientations.

Cultural Dimensions and "Manut kersane Gusti"

1. Human Nature Orientation: Optimism and Growth Discussion on the optimistic view of human nature within "Manut kersane Gusti" and its implications for societal ethos and individual moral development.

2. Man-Nature Orientation: Harmony and Interconnectedness Exploration of the principle's emphasis on living in harmony with the divine creation and its impact on environmental stewardship and respect for nature.

3. Time Orientation: Present Focus and Divine Alignment Analysis of the present-focused life stance encouraged by "Manut kersane Gusti" and its role in fostering mindfulness and meaningful living.

4. Activity Orientation: Being-in-Becoming and Ethical Living Reflection on the priority of personal and spiritual development over material achievements and how "Manut kersane Gusti" promotes ethical evolution.

5. Relational Orientation: Collective Well-being and Consensus Consideration of the communal harmony and consensus-driven decision-making that "Manut kersane Gusti" fosters, highlighting the cultural preference for social cohesion.

By integrating "Manut kersane Gusti" within the Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck framework, hopefully richer insights will be gained into its cultural significance and the spiritual depth it offers. This principle not only guides individual behavior and societal values but also serves as a lens for understanding resilience, mindfulness, and fulfillment in a complex and interconnected world.

Sub-Conclusion: A Guiding Principle for Life

"Manut kersane Gusti" stands as a comprehensive guide to living that harmoniously blends diligent effort with a deep acceptance of divine will. It illuminates the impact of cultural and spiritual beliefs on human experiences, offering profound insights into achieving resilience, mindfulness, and spiritual fulfillment. By adopting this principle, individuals and communities embark on a dialogue between personal action and divine guidance, fostering a life of purpose that respects the intricate balance of existence.

Having explored 'Manut kersane Gusti' through the analytical lens of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's framework, we now pivot to a practical exploration of resilience. By juxtaposing the spiritual practices of 'Manut kersane Gusti' with the Navy SEAL Mental Toughness Program, we uncover a fertile ground for integrating timeless wisdom with contemporary techniques.

The Navy SEAL Mental Toughness Program is a comprehensive training regimen designed to enhance resilience, control, and performance under extreme stress. It is grounded in principles derived from neuroscience and psychology, focusing on techniques to manage fear, stress, and decision-making in high-pressure situations. This program employs a variety of techniques, including goal setting, mental rehearsal (visualization), positive self-talk, and arousal control (breathing exercises), to prepare SEALs for the physical and mental demands of their missions. The program aims to optimize the SEALs' ability to perform under stress by training their brains to respond more effectively to fear and anxiety.

Section C: Integrating "Manut kersane Gusti" and Navy SEAL Mental Toughness Techniques

Building upon the spiritual depth of 'Manut kersane Gusti,' we transition to the contrasting yet enlightening realm of the Navy SEAL Mental Toughness Program. This deliberate juxtaposition reveals a fascinating interplay between spiritual alignment and the disciplined resilience required in elite military training. Both domains, though distinct in practice and origin, share foundational principles of mindfulness, discipline, and the relentless pursuit of excellence.

'Manut kersane Gusti' navigates life's complexities through spiritual wisdom, advocating resilience built on faith, patience, and communal harmony. Conversely, the Navy SEAL Mental Toughness Program focuses on developing resilience, focus, and mental clarity to withstand extreme conditions, employing mindfulness as a pivotal tool for enhancing operational effectiveness. This exploration aims to demonstrate how mindfulness and resilience, fundamental human virtues, transcend cultural and contextual boundaries, inviting a universal application.

The integration of 'Manut kersane Gusti' with the structured practices of the Navy SEALs underscores the potential for a holistic approach to resilience. It fosters a dialogue between spiritual traditions and disciplined training, highlighting how these methods can enrich one another. Our aim is to bridge diverse worlds, showing that the core principles of mindfulness, resilience, and purposeful living hold universal relevance.

Spiritual Alignment vs. Operational Effectiveness

The Navy SEAL Mental Toughness Program, with its basis in neuroscience and stress control, contrasts sharply with the spiritual and philosophical underpinnings of "Manut kersane Gusti." While the SEAL program is designed to enhance resilience, control, and performance in high-pressure environments through an understanding of the brain's fear mechanisms, "Manut kersane Gusti" emphasizes alignment with a higher divine will and living in harmony with nature and community.

Neuroscience and Divine Will: Control of Fear vs. Surrender

The SEALs' approach uses the understanding of how the amygdala triggers stress responses to develop techniques that maintain clarity and control. In contrast, "Manut kersane Gusti" involves a surrender to the divine will, viewing challenges as part of a larger cosmic order, thereby fostering resilience through acceptance rather than control.

Goal Setting: Structured Objectives vs. Divine Alignment

The SEALs' method of breaking down objectives into clear, manageable tasks for operational effectiveness finds a parallel in "Manut kersane Gusti's" call for personal excellence aligned with divine guidance. However, the latter integrates a spiritual dimension, viewing achievements as part of fulfilling one's role in a divine plan, rather than merely operational milestones.

Mental Rehearsal: Cognitive Preparation vs. Spiritual Contemplation

Both the SEALs' mental rehearsal and "Manut kersane Gusti's" spiritual reflection prepare individuals for challenges. However, while SEALs focus on operational readiness, rehearsing tactical scenarios to reduce stress response, "Manut kersane Gusti" encourages reflection on one's actions within a broader spiritual context, emphasizing readiness not just for worldly tasks but for fulfilling one's spiritual destiny.

Self-Talk: Overcoming Fear with Positive Narratives vs. Spiritual Affirmations

Positive self-talk in the SEAL program, aimed at enhancing performance under pressure, shares similarities with "Manut kersane Gusti's" use of spiritual affirmations to navigate life's challenges. Both techniques transform fear and doubt into sources of strength, though the SEALs focus on operational effectiveness, and "Manut kersane Gusti" on spiritual resilience and alignment.

Arousal Control: Physiological Regulation vs. Meditative Breathing

The SEALs' arousal control through breathing exercises to maintain calmness under stress mirrors meditative practices in "Manut kersane Gusti." However, while the SEALs aim for physiological control to enhance operational performance, "Manut kersane Gusti" uses breathing as a form of spiritual alignment, highlighting a fundamental difference in the ultimate goal of these practices.

Section D: Comparative Analysis in Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's Framework

This section juxtaposes the Javanese principle of "Manut kersane Gusti" with the mindfulness practices of the Navy SEALs within Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural framework. We explore how these distinct practices address fundamental aspects of human experience, revealing both shared values and unique approaches.

Summary of Comparative Insights:

• Human Nature Orientation:

  Shared: Both view human nature optimistically, emphasizing growth, resilience, and the potential for improvement.

  Difference: "Manut kersane Gusti" focuses on spiritual growth and ethical living, while Navy SEALs prioritize physical and mental toughness.

• Man-Nature Orientation:

  Manut kersane Gusti: Advocates harmony with nature, reflecting a spiritual connection.

  Navy SEALs: Emphasize mastery over nature through control of physiological responses, aimed at enhancing performance.

• Time Orientation:

  Shared: Both prioritize the present moment, though for different reasons—spiritual alignment for "Manut kersane Gusti" and operational effectiveness for Navy SEALs.

• Activity Orientation:

  Contrast: "Manut kersane Gusti" embraces being-in-becoming, focusing on inner growth. Navy SEALs adopt a doing approach, valuing tangible achievements and outcomes.

• Relational Orientation:

  Manut kersane Gusti: Promotes collective well-being and consensus.

  Navy SEALs: Highlight individual capability within a team context, balancing collective operation with personal accountability.

Synthesis and New Insights:

The comparative journey brings to light the intrinsic value of both "Manut kersane Gusti" and the Navy SEAL techniques. By weaving these threads together, we recognize a shared commitment to resilience, mindfulness, and the pursuit of a purposeful life. This comparative analysis not only enriches our understanding of human capacity for growth but also lays the groundwork for innovative practices that integrate spiritual depth with tactical resilience.

By examining these practices through Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's framework, we uncover how cultural and practical approaches to resilience and mindfulness can both intersect and diverge. This analysis not only deepens our understanding of each practice but also illuminates universal themes of human resilience, excellence, and the pursuit of meaning across different cultures and contexts.

• Universal Themes: Both practices underscore the importance of present-focused attention and human potential for growth, albeit through different means—spiritual development in "Manut kersane Gusti" and operational effectiveness in Navy SEALs.

• Methodological Differences: These approaches offer a rich tapestry of strategies for personal and collective resilience, demonstrating that there are multiple pathways to achieving well-being and effectiveness.

This comparative analysis highlights the interconnectedness and distinctiveness of human experiences and practices across cultural divides, offering valuable insights into the complex nature of human resilience and mindfulness.

Here is an attempt in contrasting "Manut Kersane Gusti" with the mindfulness techniques used by Navy SEALs across the five components of Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's framework:

This matrix reveals the nuanced differences and similarities between "Manut Kersane Gusti" and the mindfulness techniques of the Navy SEALs, particularly how each approach addresses fundamental aspects of human experience according to Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural dimensions. It highlights the complementary nature of these practices, suggesting a rich tapestry of strategies for personal and collective growth and resilience. The matrix developed in Section D, based on Kluckhohn and Strodtbeck's cultural dimensions, highlights several key differences between "Manut Kersane Gusti" and the mindfulness techniques used by Navy SEALs.

This matrix highlights the synergies and distinctions between "Manut Kersane Gusti" and Navy SEALs' mindfulness practices, providing a structured comparison across key techniques. It showcases how spiritual and practical aspects of resilience and mindfulness can complement each other, offering a comprehensive approach to personal development and well-being.

Drawing together the insights gleaned from our exploration, it becomes clear that despite their distinct origins—one deeply rooted in Javanese spiritual tradition and the other in the precision of modern military training—both "Manut kersane Gusti" and the Navy SEAL techniques offer profound lessons in resilience, mindfulness, and the continuous pursuit of excellence. Our journey reveals a mutual respect for the individual's capacity for growth and adaptation, highlighting the intrinsic value found in blending these disciplines. This fusion not only enriches our toolkit for personal development but also serves as a testament to the universal quest for a balanced and purposeful existence. By embracing the complementary strengths of 'Manut kersane Gusti's' spiritual wisdom and the structured methodologies of the SEALs, we uncover a harmonious approach to navigating life's challenges—one that promises to enhance our resilience, focus our intentions, and deepen our connection to the world around us. This synthesis underscores the potential for creating a comprehensive, integrated framework that leverages the best of both worlds, encouraging us to forge a path of growth that is as spiritually fulfilling as it is practically effective.

As we transition from theoretical exploration to actionable strategies, the synthesis of "Manut kersane Gusti" and Navy SEAL resilience techniques beckons us to consider their practical integration across various facets of society—leadership, education, and personal development. The following section outlines how we might apply these integrated insights to foster a holistic approach to resilience, mindfulness, and purpose-driven living.

Section E: Practical Integration of "Manut kersane Gusti" and Mindfulness Practices

As we transition from the deep exploration of 'Manut kersane Gusti' and the Navy SEALs' mental toughness to practical applications, we aim to illuminate how these principles can be applied across leadership, education, and personal development. By weaving these insights into the fabric of everyday life, we demonstrate their relevance and potential for fostering resilience, mindfulness, and purposeful living in diverse settings.

Integrating the spiritual principles of "Manut kersane Gusti" with structured mindfulness practices, such as those utilized by Navy SEALs, fosters a comprehensive approach to resilience, mindfulness, and purpose-driven living. Here are actionable strategies for this integration:

1. Goal Setting with Spiritual Purpose

• Integration Strategy: Combine Navy SEALs' clear, purpose-driven goal setting with "Manut kersane Gusti's" spiritual intentions. Aim for goals that advance personal and professional achievements while enhancing communal well-being and spiritual growth.

• Applications: In educational settings, encourage students to align goals with personal values and societal contributions. In corporate environments, integrate sustainability and ethical considerations into business objectives.

• Expected Outcome: Increased motivation and fulfillment from achievements that benefit both the individual and the broader community.

2. Mental Rehearsal Enhanced by Spiritual Reflection

• Integration Strategy: Merge mental rehearsal techniques from Navy SEALs with "Manut kersane Gusti's" contemplative reflection, focusing on both success and the spiritual journey.

• Applications: Professionals preparing for challenging tasks can reflect on ethical implications alongside desired outcomes. Athletes can visualize not only victories but also personal and spiritual growth through competitions.

• Expected Outcome: A balanced preparation for challenges, emphasizing ethical integrity and spiritual harmony alongside success.

3. Positive Self-Talk with Spiritual Affirmation

• Integration Strategy: Combine positive self-talk strategies from Navy SEAL training with "Manut kersane Gusti's" spiritual affirmations to enhance faith, perseverance, and divine alignment.

• Applications: Use in stress management programs to replace negative thoughts with spiritually infused affirmations.

• Expected Outcome: Strengthened mental resilience, fostered positive mindset, and deepened spiritual connections for improved well-being.

4. Arousal Control Combined with Meditative Breathing

• Integration Strategy: Integrate Navy SEALs' arousal control techniques with "Manut kersane Gusti's" meditative breathing practices for spiritual mindfulness.

• Applications: Teach combined techniques in workshops on stress management and personal development for maintaining composure under pressure.

• Expected Outcome: Better stress management, heightened focus, and serene mind, facilitating improved decision-making and personal growth.

Sub-Conclusion

By adopting these integrated practices, individuals can effectively navigate life's challenges, enhancing their resilience and focus while imbuing their actions with deeper meaning and purpose. This holistic approach contributes positively to personal well-being and the well-being of the community, showcasing the practical applicability of "Manut kersane Gusti" principles in conjunction with modern mindfulness techniques.

Building upon the practical integration strategies outlined, we now illustrate their impact through a series of integrated case studies. These real-world applications highlight how 'Manut kersane Gusti' and mindfulness practices can be harmoniously blended to foster ethical leadership, educational growth, and personal development across various societal sectors.

Section F. Integrated Case Studies: Leadership, Education, and Personal Development

Through a series of case studies, we explore the tangible implications of integrating "Manut kersane Gusti" with modern mindfulness practices. Each scenario, from corporate ethics to environmental stewardship and military training, serves as a testament to the transformative power of combining spiritual wisdom with resilience techniques. These examples underscore the potential for "Manut kersane Gusti" to inform ethical leadership, enhance educational experiences, and guide personal growth in a world that increasingly seeks balance between achievement and inner peace.

The integration of "Manut kersane Gusti" with modern practices offers profound insights into ethical leadership, educational growth, and personal development. By weaving spiritual insights into practical scenarios, individuals across various sectors can foster decisions that align with ethical considerations, communal well-being, and personal growth.

Leadership and Ethics in Action

• Corporate and Political Leadership: Executives and political leaders, by reflecting on "Manut kersane Gusti," can navigate ethical dilemmas and policy decisions with a focus on long-term communal welfare and ethical integrity. For instance, a corporate leader facing strategic decisions with ethical implications might engage in deep reflection to align their actions with both corporate responsibility and spiritual values, resulting in sustainable and ethically sound business practices.

• Crisis Management: During corporate or political crises, leaders can draw on "Manut kersane Gusti" for guidance, using spiritual reflection to address challenges in a manner that not only solves immediate problems but also aligns with broader ethical and spiritual principles, fostering transparency, accountability, and a shift towards a more mindful organizational culture.

Educational Growth: Beyond the Classroom

• Agricultural and Environmental Stewardship: Agricultural students integrating "Manut kersane Gusti" into their studies can approach sustainable farming not just as a technical discipline but as a spiritual practice that honors the interconnectedness of all life. This holistic perspective enhances their commitment to environmental stewardship and community engagement.

• University Education and School Curriculums: Implementing mindfulness and "Manut kersane Gusti" principles in educational settings can be achieved through curriculum integration, workshops, mindfulness spaces, and extracurricular activities. Such initiatives foster a learning environment that supports mental health, personal growth, and a sense of spiritual purpose among students.

Personal Development: A Holistic Approach

• Military Training and Team Cohesion: In a military context, integrating "Manut kersane Gusti" with goal-setting and team-building practices can enrich the mental toughness training of Navy SEALs, fostering a sense of purpose, ethical engagement, and spiritual brotherhood. This approach enhances operational effectiveness while grounding actions in a deeper ethical and spiritual context.

As we culminate our journey through the spiritual teachings of 'Manut kersane Gusti' and their integration with Navy SEAL mindfulness techniques, the final section offers a roadmap for practical implementation. Here, we extend beyond the theoretical and case study analyses to embrace broader implications, paving the way for a more resilient, mindful, and spiritually connected society.

Section G: Practical Implementation and Broader Implications

In the concluding section, we shift from theoretical exploration to actionable recommendations, outlining strategies for incorporating "Manut kersane Gusti" and mindfulness into diverse aspects of life. This practical guide underscores the adaptability of these principles, offering a blueprint for their integration into educational curricula, corporate leadership programs, and individual practices. Through this pragmatic lens, we not only envision a more resilient and mindful society but also affirm the enduring relevance of "Manut kersane Gusti" in addressing the complexities of modern life.

Adapting "Manut kersane Gusti" and mindfulness practices to broader audiences involves creating inclusive, flexible frameworks that can be tailored to the needs of different groups, including educational institutions, corporate environments, and individual personal development plans.

• Educational Integration: For universities and schools, embedding mindfulness and "Manut kersane Gusti" into curriculums and extracurricular activities can enhance students' well-being, focus, and ethical understanding. Training for educators, designated mindfulness spaces, and community engagement initiatives further embed these practices into the educational fabric.

• Professional Development: In corporate and political arenas, workshops and leadership training programs can incorporate "Manut kersane Gusti" principles to foster ethical leadership, sustainable decision-making, and a culture of integrity and responsibility.

• Community and Individual Growth: Beyond formal settings, community workshops, online resources, and personal practice guides can help individuals integrate "Manut kersane Gusti" and mindfulness into their daily lives, promoting resilience, ethical living, and spiritual well-being.

By embracing "Manut kersane Gusti" in conjunction with mindfulness practices, we can cultivate a more interconnected, ethical, and spiritually aware society. This integration offers a pathway to addressing contemporary challenges with wisdom, compassion, and resilience, grounding modern practices in timeless spiritual principles.

Section H: Conclusion: Towards a Holistic Path of Resilience and Purpose

As we conclude our exploration of "Manut kersane Gusti" and its synergies with the mental toughness techniques of the Navy SEALs, we stand at the crossroads of tradition and modernity, spirituality and pragmatism. This journey through Javanese spiritual wisdom and rigorous mental training practices reveals not just the diversity of paths to resilience and mindfulness but also the profound connections that bind them.

"Manut kersane Gusti" offers a guiding light for living a life that harmoniously blends effort with acceptance of divine will, providing deep insights into the cultural and spiritual beliefs that shape human experiences towards resilience, mindfulness, and fulfillment. By intertwining these principles with the structured methodologies of the Navy SEALs, we uncover innovative strategies that promise not only enhanced personal and professional development but also a deeper sense of purpose and interconnectedness.

Reflective Call to Action:

Now, as we move forward from this exploration, I invite you to reflect on how the principles of "Manut kersane Gusti" might illuminate your path, whether through personal challenges, professional endeavors, or the pursuit of spiritual and ethical growth. Consider:

• How can the integration of spiritual alignment and practical resilience inform your approach to obstacles and opportunities?

• In what ways might a deeper understanding of divine will and communal harmony enhance your leadership style or decision-making processes?

• How can the practice of mindfulness, cultivated through both spiritual reflection and disciplined training, enrich your daily life and relationships?

Let us each consider how we might embody the wisdom of "Manut kersane Gusti," embracing the balance of effort and surrender, to navigate our complex world with resilience, purpose, and a profound sense of fulfillment. Whether through adopting new practices, engaging in thoughtful reflection, or fostering greater empathy and understanding in our interactions, the journey towards integrating these principles into our lives promises a richer, more meaningful existence for ourselves and our communities.

In embracing the lessons of "Manut kersane Gusti" alongside modern mindfulness techniques, we not only honor the depth of Javanese cultural wisdom but also contribute to a global dialogue on living meaningfully and ethically in a complex world. Let this exploration serve as an invitation to weave these insights into the fabric of our lives, inspiring us to cultivate a more resilient, mindful, and interconnected society.

REFERENCES

Colebrooke, L. (2015). Special Operations Mental Toughness: The Invincible Mindset of Delta Force Operators, Navy SEALs, Army Rangers & Other Elite Warriors! CreateSpace Independent Publishing Platform.

Kluckhohn, F. R., & Strodtbeck, F. L. (1961). Variations in value orientations. Row, Peterson.