The Evolution of Open Source Business Models

The Evolution of Open Source Business Models

Open source software has evolved from a movement into a big business. Gitlab, Confluent, Databricks, MongoDB, Elastic, Snyk, Hashicorp, Mulesoft, have become huge companies using open source software.

Across, just these they have generated about $100b in market cap.

Early on, open source pioneers viewed software freedom as an end unto itself. They encouraged permissive licensing so anyone could use, modify, and distribute their code.

Fast forward to today : open source has become a go-to market strategy for many software startups because it presents a powerful antidote to monotonically increasing acquisition costs.

In the early days of an open source project, broad licenses like the MIT or Apache licenses, which empower users to use the software in almost any way, encourage adoption. Open source is a marketing strategy that fills the top of the sales funnel with users who may later convert to paying customers.

But over time, tension emerges between the company and its community. These permissive licenses might enable competitors to offer competing products or clouds to host managed versions. Sometimes, the open source software’s capabilities are powerful enough to satisfy potentially paying users.

As an open-source startup matures, many open source companies change their licensing. Elastic, MongoDB, & Gitlab started with open source, but later added restrictions to convert community users into paying customers & prevent clouds from offering competing products.

The community backlash is predictable. Developers lament the death of free software. But from a business perspective, this progression is logical.

Companies a transition from one pricing model to another : Open source marketing strategy achieves penetration early on. At scale, startups pivot to maximization to extract the most dollars from their customers.

Image credit : Wikipedia

This transition typically occurs when a technology has entered the early / late majority stage of technology diffusion. Revenue is concentrated in the top accounts & future growth lies in those enterprises, too. This focus up-market creates opportunity for new startups to repeat the cycle with less restrictive licenses.

Art Lee

REMOTE ONLY! SQL Python aws gcp azure ccp ocp eks ecs aks gke joyent vmware xen citrix netapp ceph kubernets bash python golang jenkins circleci graddle github actions bitbucket runners perforce gitlab gerrit

1y

this is interesting

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Mike Anand

Chief Marketing Officer (ex AWS, AppDynamics, Adobe, and Intuit)

1y

You are spot on Tomasz Tunguz . IMHO turning GitHub likes into commercial success is a long road. License changes are important considerations. So is getting the developers to pay with CC early on. Gives you confidence that product offers value beyond free version before investing in expensive top down motion.

Ayan D.

former Founder | mongoDB & EY alum

1y

Great Business model innovation. And licence change + community has built defensibility against big-cloud players.

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Alexey Vorobey

Co-Founder @ AIstats - livescore AI-powered football app

1y

Would be interesting to analyze their income structure and partnerships with other members of the value chain e. g. MongoDB and Amazon etc.

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FERNANDO ALVES

Data & Analytics Lead at aMORA Fintech | Strategy Consultant and Entrepreneur | Learning everything about corporate credit and investments at PECB

1y

Open Source became a great strategy to cross the chasm! Thanks for the insight Tomasz Tunguz

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