CFD never ceases to amaze me. I give you Exhibit A. The filling of a subcritical parahydrogen tank is simulated with CONVERGE. This uses an equilibrium two-phase diffuse interface approach with tabulated fluid properties based on a Helmholtz equation of state for parahydrogen in REFPROP. Cold liquid parahydrogen enters the tank from the bottom at 20 K and approximately 2 bar. The two-phase region is modeled at equilibrium with all mixture properties evaluated directly from the equation of state and surface tension forces at the phase interface. The video shows cut-planes colored by vapor volume fraction, vapor mass fraction, temperature, mixture cv, velocity magnitude, and phase indicator flag (1=liquid, 2=two-phase liquid/vapor mixture, 3=vapor). Thanks to David Rowinski for this bleeding edge CONVERGE simulation. #cfd #convergecfd #hydrogen
Very cool to see! I have worked on something similar for an LH2 buffer vessel at the European Spallation Source a couple of years ago.
Insightful!
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Research and Development Eng
1moIt is a nice work, but maintaining a constant pressure throughout the filling procedure is challenging. The ullage volume is gradually compressed as the liquid level rises, raising the tank's pressure. Furthermore, it is not quite right to model hydrogen gas as an ideal gas under croygenic conditions.