Paulo Cabral’s Post

Cable/Bushing CT Technical Data 1、Rated secondary current: 5A、1A 2、Power frequency withstand voltage: 3kV(0.72kV) 3、Rated frequency: 50/60Hz 4、Installation : indoor 5、Technical standard: IEC 60044-1 IEC61869-1&2 #CurrentTransformer

Continuing with IEC 61850, in my previous post, we zoomed in on levels 0 and 1 of a typical SAS. We also touched on the Merging Unit (MU), which plays a critical role in digitizing analog (SV) and binary (GOOSE) signals from instrument transformers and electromechanical control circuits, respectively. It is worth noting that both analog and binary signals can be published via GOOSE protocols; however, analog signals are relatively slower and less suitable for protection purposes, a gap that the SV protocol addresses. Both SV and GOOSE utilize the publisher-subscriber model, where one IED acts as a publisher, sending event messages to interested IEDs within the substation network. The subscriber IEDs receive these messages. The GOOSE protocol is typically used for inter-tripping and interlocking between bays within a substation and can be as fast as 2 milliseconds, depending on how well the network is managed.

Reliability testing standards are guidelines and procedures that specify the methods, conditions, and criteria for testing the reliability of power electronics. They are developed and issued by various organizations and agencies, such as IEEE, IEC, UL, and MIL. Reliability testing standards can help you ensure the quality and consistency of power electronics by following the best practices and recommendations for reliability testing and reporting.

The Doble F6880 Digital Network Analyzer (DNA) reveals details that are essential to helping protection engineers and relay test technicians quickly resolve issues in IEC 61850 network traffic. This compact and lightweight instrument is paired with powerful software that analyzes IED communications and provides diagnostic and analytical functionality in real time. The DNA is a digital substation multimeter, capable of plotting IEC 61850 sampled values (SV) and GOOSE messages via real-time oscillography, phasor, and tabular data views. It is also a system event recorder, capturing events via customizable triggers and producing analysis reports that allow the user to evaluate network performance and power system anomalies, like voltage sag, harmonic distortion, and underfrequency. The F6880 compares SV and GOOSE information from SCL files with the present network traffic to identify system misconfiguration issues such as missing, duplicated, or unknown messages. The DNA can even be left connected in the substation for extended periods, offering remote access and control. 📺 Watch the Video https://lnkd.in/gTd_t8e4 #DobleTested #IEC61850 #substations #digitalnetworks #protectiontesting #software #electricalengineering

Surge testing is the procedure of simulating and injecting unidirectional surges caused by over-voltages from switching or lightning transients to evaluate susceptibility of electrical and electronic equipment to these surge interferences. IEC 61000-4-5 defines the test setup, test levels and procedure to perform the surge test. Test levels are selected based on the different environment and installation conditions defined in the standard. Surge generator at INTL Inc. can perform testing as per IEC 61000-4-5 using combination waveform (1.2/50µs) up to test level of 6kV. https://lnkd.in/dMGCUN_V #SurgeTest #SurgeTesting #SurgeTestingServices #INTL #Intertestlab

🚨 Understanding the IEC 60099-4 Classification for Surge Arresters 🚨 Did you know that the IEC classification of surge arresters is closely linked to the diameter of the Metal Oxide Varistors (MOVs)? 📏 When you dive deeper, it gets a bit more nuanced: 🔍 Qrs Ratings (Repetitive Charge Transfer): Directly connected to the performance of the MOV itself. 🔥 Wth Ratings (Thermal Energy): This involves not just the MOV performance but also the thermal dissipation behavior of the surge arrester design. ⚠️ Important Update: Forget about the Line Discharge Class (LDC)! Since the new IEC Edition in 2014, LDC is no longer applicable. Insulation coordination and system studies must now carefully evaluate both the charges and energy requirements in relation to lightning surges and switching surges. ⚡ Understanding these classifications is crucial for designing robust and reliable power systems. Stay ahead in your field by keeping these details in mind! 💡 #ElectricPower #SurgeProtection #IECStandards #MOV #ElectricalEngineering #PowerSystems #LightningProtection #SwitchingSurges

What is #EMC and why it matters #ElectroMagneticCompability (EMC) concerns how different electrical equipment can co-exist in a world of ever increasing varieties of such equipment without influencing each other in an unacceptable way.  The goal of EMC is the correct operation of different equipment in a common #electromagnetic environment. https://lnkd.in/e8FVQrXG #IARU #AmateurRadio #HAMradio

Surge testing is the procedure of simulating and injecting unidirectional surges caused by over-voltages from switching or lightning transients to evaluate susceptibility of electrical and electronic equipment to these surge interferences. IEC 61000-4-5 defines the test setup, test levels and procedure to perform the surge test. Test levels are selected based on the different environment and installation conditions defined in the standard. Surge generator at INTL Inc. can perform testing as per IEC 61000-4-5 using combination waveform (1.2/50µs) up to test level of 6kV. Request a Quote https://lnkd.in/eZZUVYcT #Intertestlab #InternationaltestingLaboratory #Testing #Laboratory

In my previous post, I mentioned that IEC 61850 was developed to tackle interoperability issues that arise between various manufacturers in electrical substations. The development of the standard enables seamless communication and data exchange between devices from different manufacturers in electrical substations. Some key benefits of the standard include: 1. Devices from various manufacturers work together seamlessly due to standardized communication protocols (MMS, GOOSE, SV). 2. Simplified configuration and reduced testing requirements are achieved through the utilization of common data models (CID, SCD). 3. The object-oriented architecture approach allows for easy addition or replacement of devices. 4. Self-description capability reduces errors and increases system uptime. 5. The standard facilitates easier expansion and upgrade of systems. 6. IEC 61850 drastically reduces copper cable usage, especially at the process bus level when SV and GOOSE protocols are fully implemented.