The road cut though Sideling Hill, Maryland, is a text book example of a classic syncline that is a magnet for geology field trips. Sideling Hill is a long, steep, narrow mountain ridge that runs north to south across western #Maryland. For centuries, this ridge blocked the path of travelers who wanted to go between Maryland and West Virginia.
The first passage of Sideling Hill was a railroad tunnel blasted through it in 1873 -74. When the interstate highway system was being developed, it was determined that a tunnel would be too expensive and a road cut was planned instead. Excavation began in April 1983 and 4.5 million cubic yards (~10 million tons) of rock was removed before the highway was opened in August 1985.
The road cut exposes almost 810 feet (246 m) of strata folded in a beautiful syncline that provides an excellent outdoor classroom to study sedimentary rocks, structural geology, and geomorphology. Exposed rocks consist of Late Devonian to primarily Mississippian Formations that include conglomerates, sandstones, siltstones, mudstones, shale, coal, and even diamictite (see comment definition).
The fold formed due to the enormous compressional forces generated during the Alleghenian Orogeny when the North American and African continents collided. Folding began during the Mississippian Period and the orogeny peaked during the late Permian (~230 to 240 Mya).
Sideling Hill lies within the Valley and Ridge Physiographic Province of eastern North America, a region characterized by tightly folded strata. Erosion of these folds produced a series of subparallel ridges and valleys, with the anticlinal ridges generally capped by erosion-resistant sandstones and the intervening valleys underlain by soluble limestones and easily eroded shales. At first, Sideling Hill appears to be an unusual feature because the syncline would more likely form a valley rather than a ridge. However, the youngest rocks in the core of the syncline are resistant sandstones and conglomerates that therefore cap the ridge.
Mainly abstracted from the Maryland Geological Survey (MGS)
#Geology #nature #syncline
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