The Role of AI/ML in Capacity and Coverage Optimization Service providers are striving to maximize the value of their 5G mid-band spectrum. Low-mid-band 4G/5G Dual Connectivity and 5G Carrier Aggregation including low-band FDD/high-band TDD enhance 5G by combining low-band’s broad coverage with mid-band’s capacity, ensuring reliable and extensive network coverage. Moreover, the support for advanced MIMO such as mMIMO technology boosts network efficiency and manages multiple connections effectively. Coordinating multiple frequency bands and integrating them seamlessly into a cohesive network demands sophisticated algorithms and precise synchronization to ensure optimal performance and user experience. This is a typical capacity-coverage optimization (CCO) issue. The coverage and capacity challenge is extensive, and addressing it effectively requires examining at least eight specific sub-problems. Here’s how AI/ML technologies can be leveraged to tackle each of these issues: ◼ Dynamic Spectrum Allocation: AI/ML models, particularly Reinforcement Learning (RL), enhance spectrum use for better coverage and capacity by learning optimal allocation strategies through feedback from network environments. Methods like Deep Q-Networks (DQN) combine Q-learning with deep neural networks to handle large state spaces. ◼ Carrier Aggregation Optimization: Supervised learning models, such as Random Forest and Gradient Boosting Machines (GBM), predict optimal carrier combinations based on network data, leveraging multiple frequency bands for improved coverage and capacity. ◼ Predictive Traffic Management: Time series analysis and forecasting models like ARIMA and LSTM predict traffic patterns to proactively allocate resources, maintaining coverage and preventing congestion. ◼ Interference Mitigation: Unsupervised learning including K-means clustering and Independent Component Analysis (ICA), identify and mitigate interference, reducing signal degradation to improve coverage and capacity. ◼ Load Balancing: RL algorithms, such as Q-learning and Policy Gradient Methods, dynamically distribute traffic loads to maintain consistent coverage and maximize capacity. ◼ mMIMO and Beamforming: Deep learning models, including optimize beamforming and MIMO configurations, enhancing signal directionality for better coverage and higher capacity. ◼ Network Performance Optimization: Multi-Agent Systems and RL, like MADDPG, manage various network components in a coordinated manner to ensure continuous coverage and capacity optimization. ◼ Energy Efficiency: Combining heuristic optimization algorithms and RL, such as Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO), reduces energy consumption while maintaining performance, ensuring sustainable network operations. #ORAN #OpenRAN #Capacity #Coverage #AIML #ORANRIC #CarrierAggregation #Midband #TDDFDD #TDDUplinkCoverage
John Shen
7mo
Thanks for sharing
bhoopendra singh
7mo
Thanks for sharing
Agree, thank you Jinsung Choi for sharing!!
How can an RF engineer working for an operator apply AI/ ML knowledge in his/ her day to day working?