A 2020 study found that the machines - ranging from mining trucks, outboard motors and forklifts to electricity generators - emitted almost double the amount of particulate matter from Australia's entire on-road fleet. “We now understand there’s no safe level of air pollution. [It’s] a solvable problem … You can do something about relatively quickly, and you’d see benefits relatively quickly as well,” said Dr Kate Charlesworth, Climate Council councillor and physician.