Benedict Carter’s Post

Sir Keir Starmer recently travelled to Germany to meet with Chancellor Olaf Scholz. His aim was to start to ‘reset’ the UK’s relationship with Europe four years on from Brexit. The two leaders discussed a new treaty likely focused on defence-related issues, foreign policy co-operation, and movement of people between the two countries. Germany is the UK's second-largest trading partner. Strong trading relationships are important. They help to support investment, while exports can also build economic diversification and resilience. This is especially important for the UK, which has experienced low levels of productivity and productivity growth for the last 15 years. Looking forward, labour force growth is likely to slow. As the UK population ages, productivity growth becomes ever more important for future economic growth and living standards. The UK has experienced almost two decades of weak productivity growth relative to other major advanced economies such as the US, Germany, and France. Productivity growth in this case is measured as GDP or output per hour worked. The reasons for the UK’s ‘productivity puzzle’ are complex, but can be boiled down to three factors. Firstly, the chart shows a big negative impact on UK productivity between 2007 and 2009. This can be explained by the global financial crisis and its impact on productivity growth in the financial sector. Before 2007, high levels of leverage generated a lot of growth, with deposit and loan volumes growing quickly. After the crisis, lower leverage has been an important contributor to reduced productivity. Secondly, from 2010, public and private sector capital investment in equipment and structures was relatively weak, contributing to slower productivity growth. Uncertainty and transition costs linked to Brexit may also have had an impact. Finally, the flip side of lower investment in capital was a period of high employment growth, as firms chose to increase output capacity through hiring lower cost workers instead. If these are the main reasons for the UK’s extended period of weak productivity growth, what are the potential solutions? Higher rates of government spending on infrastructure and housing, stronger trade ties and support for exporting companies, and new generation technologies such as artificial intelligence. None of these are quick or easy remedies.

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