Process vs Thread Processes and threads are both mechanisms provided by operating systems to allow concurrent execution of multiple tasks, but they have different characteristics: 1. Process: - A process is an independent execution environment that runs as a separate instance of a program. Each process has its own memory space, resources, and execution context. - Processes are isolated from each other, meaning that one process cannot directly access the memory or resources of another process without using inter-process communication (IPC) mechanisms. - Starting a new process typically involves more overhead compared to creating a new thread, as the operating system needs to allocate resources and set up a separate memory space for the process. - Processes are more robust in terms of fault isolation. If one process crashes, it typically does not affect other processes. 2. Thread: - A thread is the smallest unit of execution within a process. Multiple threads within the same process share the same memory space and resources. - Threads within the same process can communicate directly and share data without using IPC mechanisms. - Creating a new thread is generally faster than creating a new process, as threads share resources and memory within the same process. - Threads are lighter weight than processes, as they share resources and memory. However, this also means that if one thread crashes, it can potentially affect other threads within the same process. In summary, processes provide stronger isolation and fault tolerance but come with higher overhead, while threads offer lower overhead and efficient communication but are more vulnerable to crashes and errors. The choice between using processes and threads depends on the specific requirements of the application and the trade-offs between isolation, performance, and resource utilization. #ruby #rubyonrails
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Sketech Newsletter | Software Engineer & Project Manager | Visualizing Software Engineering Concepts
Circuit Breaker Pattern Explained⚡ Circuit Breaker Pattern enhances microservice resilience by preventing cascading failures. ↳ Closed State: All requests pass through. Service is functioning normally. The circuit breaker monitors for failures within the client, Microservice A ↳ Open State: Requests are blocked due to repeated failures or timeouts in Microservice B. Prevents overloading the system. Remains open until a set timeout. ↳ Half-Open State: Tests limited requests to verify if Microservice B has recovered. If successful, closes the circuit. Otherwise, reopens. How to Implement Circuit Breaker Pattern? Integrate within the client-side code using libraries like Hystrix or Resilience4j. Wrap network calls to manage retries, fallbacks, and error thresholds. Why use it? Ensures fault-tolerant communication between microservices ____________ 📷 Visualizing Software Engineering, AI and ML concepts through easy-to-understand Sketᵉch. I'm Nina, software engineer & project manager. Sketᵉch now has a LinkedIn Page. Join me! ❤️ Sketᵉch #microservices #systemdesign #circuitbreaker #technology
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Embedded Software Intern at Valeo | Senior Mechatronics Engineering Student at Ain Shams University | NTI Trainee
Hello embedded community 👋 I just made these quick notes on configuration types in embedded systems development: • Pre-Built Configurations: Settings defined before code compilation, embedded directly into the source code or build scripts. These are static and predictable. Examples include configuration files and preprocessor directives. • Link Time Configurations: Settings determined during the linking phase of the build process. These offer intermediate flexibility, allowing customization of the final image and memory layout. Examples include defining configuration variables that influence code behavior during linking. • Post-Built Configurations: Settings applied after code compilation but before/during deployment. These are flexible, allowing changes without recompiling. Examples include reading configurations from EEPROM and using bootloaders. Feel free to ask any questions 🤗 #embeddedsystems #Engineering #Microcontrollers
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𝙋𝙧𝙤𝙪𝙙 𝙩𝙤 𝘼𝙣𝙣𝙤𝙪𝙣𝙘𝙚 𝙩𝙝𝙚 𝘾𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙡𝙚𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙤𝙛 𝙈𝙮 𝙁𝙞𝙧𝙨𝙩 𝙑𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙋𝙧𝙤𝙟𝙚𝙘𝙩 I'm excited to share the successful verification of a FIFO memory design as my first project in this field. This project involved a detailed design and execution of a comprehensive testbench, employing advanced verification techniques to ensure the FIFO's reliability and performance. * 𝙆𝙚𝙮 𝘼𝙘𝙝𝙞𝙚𝙫𝙚𝙢𝙚𝙣𝙩𝙨: - 𝟏𝟎𝟎% 𝘾𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚: Achieved full code and functional coverage, validating the FIFO's behaviour under various scenarios. - 𝙍𝙤𝙗𝙪𝙨𝙩 𝙏𝙚𝙨𝙩𝙗𝙚𝙣𝙘𝙝: Developed a testbench that included a 𝙏𝙧𝙖𝙣𝙨𝙖𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝘾𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙨 for randomized inputs and defined constraints, simulating real scenarios. - 𝘾𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝘾𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙨: Built a 𝘾𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚 𝘾𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙨 with covergroups to ensure comprehensive testing of various FIFO states. - 𝙎𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙗𝙤𝙖𝙧𝙙 𝘾𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙨: Created a 𝙎𝙘𝙤𝙧𝙚𝙗𝙤𝙖𝙧𝙙 𝘾𝙡𝙖𝙨𝙨 to compare outputs with a golden model, confirming design correctness. * 𝙑𝙚𝙧𝙞𝙛𝙞𝙘𝙖𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙈𝙚𝙩𝙝𝙤𝙙𝙤𝙡𝙤𝙜𝙮: - 𝙍𝙚𝙨𝙚𝙩 𝙋𝙝𝙖𝙨𝙚: Thoroughly tested the FIFO's reset behaviour. - 𝙍𝙖𝙣𝙙𝙤𝙢𝙞𝙯𝙚𝙙 𝙄𝙣𝙥𝙪𝙩𝙨: Generated various input combinations to exercise different scenarios. - 𝘾𝙤𝙢𝙥𝙧𝙚𝙝𝙚𝙣𝙨𝙞𝙫𝙚 𝘾𝙤𝙫𝙚𝙧𝙖𝙜𝙚: Ensured all possible states and conditions were covered. - 𝘽𝙪𝙜 𝘿𝙚𝙩𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣 𝙖𝙣𝙙 𝘾𝙤𝙧𝙧𝙚𝙘𝙩𝙞𝙤𝙣: Proactively identified and resolved 5 design bugs, including issues with underflow and flag handling. Completing this project was a valuable learning opportunity, and I’m incredibly grateful to Eng. Kareem Waseem for his guidance throughout this journey. I am excited to bring my verification expertise to innovative and impactful projects! Feel free to explore more about the project, including the code, through the PDF below. #verification #testbench #simulation #functionalverification #digitalverification #FIFO #memory #synchronousfifo
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Circuit Breaker: It is a design pattern to prevent calling a microservice in case of failure or abnormal behavior in that service. This idea can help the client’s side ignore handling failed requests and would prevent number of failed calls giving the service time to recover. Hystrix is one of the popular implementation library. Hystrix is a Netflix library that provides a number of features for building resilient systems, including circuit breakers. For example: Service 1 calls Service 2, but, Service 2 unfortunately does not respond. Service 1 will either wait for response OR will handle the time out exception for every failure. Subsequent requests directed at Service 2 will encounter similar challenges, leading to a bad user experience. In such cases, circuit breaker can help by stopping request sending for a specific time, waiting for the timeout ends, enable a limited number of requests to check whether Service 2 is working. Circuit breaker has 3 states 1. Open- Calls will be blocked in this state 2. Closed- It will allow calls to happen until a failure threshold is reached 3. Half-Open- After a cool down period from open state, a single call to the service is allowed. If the call succeeds, the circuit breaker will transition to the closed state. If the call fails, the circuit breaker will transition to the open state.
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Software Engineer @FiftyFive Technologies | ReactJS | NextJS | NodeJS | Express | MongoDB | TypeScript | JavaScript | Tailwind CSS | Material UI | Shadcn UI | Ex-EXL
⏳ Component Lifecycle Explained Class components have lifecycle methods like "componentDidMount", "componentDidUpdate", and "componentWillUnmount". These allow us to control what happens at each stage of the component’s life. Though hooks now make functional components powerful, understanding lifecycle methods is crucial!
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🚀 Chain of Responsibility Design Pattern 🚀 The Chain of Responsibility pattern allows a request to be passed through a chain of handlers. Each handler can process the request or pass it to the next, promoting loose coupling and modularity. Key Components: Handler: Defines request handling and links to the next handler. ConcreteHandler: Implements specific request processing or forwarding. Real-World Applications: 🔹 Logging Systems: Different log levels handled by separate loggers. 🔹 Event Handling: GUI events processed by a chain of handlers. 🔹 Security: Requests undergo authentication, authorization, and auditing stages. This pattern enhances flexibility and extensibility in your systems! #DesignPatterns #SoftwareEngineering #ChainOfResponsibility #Tech #SystemDesign
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Azure Certified Solution Architect | Solution Designer | Java Clean and Green Coder | Apis and Microservices .
Short Knowledge Bite: Topic: Circuit Breaker Pattern. The Circuit Breaker pattern is a design pattern used in software development to improve the resilience of distributed systems. It detects and handles failures in services by preventing repeated attempts to access a failing service, redirecting requests to alternative mechanisms, and automatically recovering when the service becomes available again.
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Day 19 Update : Implementation of cyclic lamp using Moorey FSM Let us understand the basic concept of Moorey and Mealey FSM Moorey FSM : It is a Finite state machine that depends on Present state only Mealey FSM : It is a Finite state machine that depends on Present state and input PROCESS METHADOLOGY : They are of three types .They are 1. 1-Process methadology 2 . 2 - Process methadology 3. 3 -Process methadology 1. 1-Process FSM: - Combines both next-state logic and output logic in a single process. - Compact design but less modular. - Harder to debug and maintain. 2. 2-Process FSM: - Separates sequential state transitions into one process and next-state/output logic into another. - More modular than 1-process FSM. 3. 3-Process FSM: - Uses three separate processes: one for state transitions, one for next-state logic, and one for output logic. TIPS : In Moorey FSM 2 process and 3 process methodologies are recommended and it is more efficient whereas in Mealey FSM 1 process methodology is efficient. Github code : https://lnkd.in/gdyGCujN #30daysofverilog #fsm #verilog #vlsi
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'ell' is a beautifully simple take on prompt engineering. Provides you with a concise way to iterate on prompts and nice tools to capture/visualise all the requests that come back from your llm of choice. You can find out more in my video on it: https://lnkd.in/evqEr2KC
ell: A Powerful, Robust Framework for Prompt Engineering
https://www.youtube.com/
