Quentin Reul

Wolters Kluwer aims to provide professionals with timely, more informed, actionable expert insights which can be easily integrated into their workflow and daily routines. It is no longer sufficient to have content as the main focus of Wolters Kluwer solutions with semantics and metadata as secondary concerns. It has become readily apparent that content curation and business processes need to become more knowledge-centric, i.e., to “semantify” the content and the business. To semantify content… Show more

Wolters Kluwer aims to provide professionals with timely, more informed, actionable expert insights which can be easily integrated into their workflow and daily routines. It is no longer sufficient to have content as the main focus of Wolters Kluwer solutions with semantics and metadata as secondary concerns. It has become readily apparent that content curation and business processes need to become more knowledge-centric, i.e., to “semantify” the content and the business. To semantify content, we describe how we have developed an enterprise upper ontology based on industry standards and have developed a process to make domain-specific extensions to that ontology. With regards to our business processes, we outline how we are driving a transformational change in editorial staff and developers alike to semantify content curation and development efforts. Providing knowledge-driven expert solutions requires both of these fundamental transformations; it is not sufficient to semantify content without also changing the way the business works, and vice versa. Show less

Wolters Kluwer (WK) is a global provider of information, software and services for legal, tax, accounting, health, and risk and compliance professionals. WK’s strategy [1] involves continuous innovation and expansion of expert solutions, including extensive use of domain knowledge, increasingly represented in the WK Knowledge Graph (KG).

KGs are a flexible knowledge representation paradigm intended to facilitate the processing of knowledge for both humans and machines. They are based… Show more

Wolters Kluwer (WK) is a global provider of information, software and services for legal, tax, accounting, health, and risk and compliance professionals. WK’s strategy [1] involves continuous innovation and expansion of expert solutions, including extensive use of domain knowledge, increasingly represented in the WK Knowledge Graph (KG).

KGs are a flexible knowledge representation paradigm intended to facilitate the processing of knowledge for both humans and machines. They are based on standard Semantic Web technologies and are widely regarded as a key enabler for several increasingly popular use cases, including Web search, question answering, personal assistants and enabling other AI-based applications across most industry sectors, including the legal market.

KGs are quite often generic, fragmented and incomplete, which limits their usage and coverage potential. In an industrial environment, knowledge models like KGs, controlled vocabularies and thesauri need to be combined from heterogeneous sources, mainly via mapping mechanisms. Creating an enterprise KG requires a lot of intellectual and manual knowledge work in order to end up with a scalable and sustainable result. Show less

This paper presents our experience on building RDF knowledge graphs for an industrial use case in the legal domain. The information contained in legal information systems are often accessed through simple keyword interfaces and presented as a simple list of hits. In order to improve search accuracy one may avail of knowledge graphs, where the semantics of the data can be made explicit. Significant research effort has been invested in the area of building knowledge graphs from semi-structured… Show more

This paper presents our experience on building RDF knowledge graphs for an industrial use case in the legal domain. The information contained in legal information systems are often accessed through simple keyword interfaces and presented as a simple list of hits. In order to improve search accuracy one may avail of knowledge graphs, where the semantics of the data can be made explicit. Significant research effort has been invested in the area of building knowledge graphs from semi-structured text documents, such as XML, with the prevailing approach being the use of mapping languages. In this paper, we present a semantic model for representing legal documents together with an industrial use case. We also present a set of use case requirements based on the proposed semantic model, which are used to compare and discuss the use of state-of-the-art mapping languages for building knowledge graphs for legal data. Show less

Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Ontology matching has been recognised as a means to achieve semantic interoperability on the Web by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. Existing ontology matching approaches have two major limitations. The first limitation relates to similarity metrics, which provide a pessimistic value when considering complex objects such as strings and conceptual… Show more

Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Ontology matching has been recognised as a means to achieve semantic interoperability on the Web by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. Existing ontology matching approaches have two major limitations. The first limitation relates to similarity metrics, which provide a pessimistic value when considering complex objects such as strings and conceptual entities. The second limitation relates to the role of description logic reasoning. In particular, most approaches disregard implicit information about entities as a source of background knowledge.

In this thesis, we first present a new similarity function, called the degree of commonality coefficient, to compute the overlap between two sets based on the similarity between their elements. The results of our evaluations show that the
degree of commonality performs better than traditional set similarity metrics in the ontology matching task. Secondly, we have developed the Knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) framework, which differs from
existing approaches by using description logic reasoning (i) to extract implicit information as background knowledge for every entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate correspondences from an alignment. The results of our evaluation show that the use of Description Logic in the ontology matching task can increase coverage. We identify people interested in ontology matching and reasoning techniques as the target audience of this work. Show less

In this paper, we describe the Knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) framework, which differs from existing ontology mapping approaches by using description logic reasoning
(i) to extract implicit information for every entity, and (ii) to remove
inappropriate mappings from an alignment.

This paper addresses the problem of access control in the context of unified distributed architectures, in which a local authorization policy is not able to recognize all the terms applicable to the authorization decision requests. The approach is based on semantic interoperability between the different services of the architecture. More specifically, we present the ontology-based interoperation service (OBIS), which calculates the matching of security concepts extracted from access requests… Show more

This paper addresses the problem of access control in the context of unified distributed architectures, in which a local authorization policy is not able to recognize all the terms applicable to the authorization decision requests. The approach is based on semantic interoperability between the different services of the architecture. More specifically, we present the ontology-based interoperation service (OBIS), which calculates the matching of security concepts extracted from access requests and local authorization policies. This service is then validated in an employability use case scenario. Show less

The annotation of resources with policy metadata enables the enforcement of security and privacy policies in open and distributed environments. In this paper, we present the Security Policy Ontology for Distributed Environment (SecPODE), which is capable of representing different types of security policies. This ontology differs from existing security policy ontology by being grounded in natural language rather than complex paradigms. As a result, SecPODE is both easy to use and intuitive to… Show more

The annotation of resources with policy metadata enables the enforcement of security and privacy policies in open and distributed environments. In this paper, we present the Security Policy Ontology for Distributed Environment (SecPODE), which is capable of representing different types of security policies. This ontology differs from existing security policy ontology by being grounded in natural language rather than complex paradigms. As a result, SecPODE is both easy to use and intuitive to extend by security experts and data subject alike. Finally, we show how SecPODE can be used to gain access to Web resources. Show less

Personal data privacy and security is a concern for users and legislators alike. The use of data in social networking and applications that aggregate often personal data in a variety of contexts is expanding. Users need tools and application frameworks to enable the monitoring and control of their personal data in these distributed computing environments. The TAS3 project is developing such a framework around the concept of a trust framework backed up by a network of policy management points… Show more

Personal data privacy and security is a concern for users and legislators alike. The use of data in social networking and applications that aggregate often personal data in a variety of contexts is expanding. Users need tools and application frameworks to enable the monitoring and control of their personal data in these distributed computing environments. The TAS3 project is developing such a framework around the concept of a trust framework backed up by a network of policy management points. The framework ensures users can see how their data is being shared and used and enables them to set appropriate policies on specific data objects. Show less

Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Such interoperability can be achieved by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. In this paper, we describe the knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) framework, which differs from existing ontology mapping approaches by using description logic reasoning (i) to extract implicit information as background knowledge for every
entity, and… Show more

Semantic interoperability is essential on the Semantic Web to enable different information systems to exchange data. Such interoperability can be achieved by identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. In this paper, we describe the knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) framework, which differs from existing ontology mapping approaches by using description logic reasoning (i) to extract implicit information as background knowledge for every
entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate mappings from an alignment. The results of our evaluation show that the use of Description Logic in the ontology matching task increases coverage. Show less

This document describes the TAS3 ontology developed by STARLab. We first introduce a Descriptive Upper Ontology (DUO) representing general concepts, which can be applied to any domain. This upper ontology is different from existing ones as (i) it is grounded in natural language, and (ii) provides a descriptive framework to capture real world semantics. As a result, the upper
ontology can be re-used in a non-restrictive manner.

Ontology mapping has been recognised as an important approach to identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. The Knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) approach relies on DL reasoning (i) to extract background knowledge about every entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate correspondences from an alignment. The main assumption is that the use of this background knowledge reduces erroneous mappings, thus increasing coverage. In this paper, we provide an overview… Show more

Ontology mapping has been recognised as an important approach to identifying similar information in heterogeneous ontologies. The Knowledge Organisation System Implicit Mapping (KOSIMap) approach relies on DL reasoning (i) to extract background knowledge about every entity, and (ii) to remove inappropriate correspondences from an alignment. The main assumption is that the use of this background knowledge reduces erroneous mappings, thus increasing coverage. In this paper, we provide an overview of KOSIMap, and present the result of our system for its ?rst participation to the Ontology Alignment Evaluation Initiative (OAEI). Show less

SKOS—Simple Knowledge Organization System—provides a model for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, folksonomies, and other similar types of controlled vocabulary. As an application of the Resource Description Framework (RDF), SKOS allows concepts to be composed and published on the World Wide Web, linked with data on the Web and integrated into other concept schemes.

This document is a… Show more

SKOS—Simple Knowledge Organization System—provides a model for expressing the basic structure and content of concept schemes such as thesauri, classification schemes, subject heading lists, taxonomies, folksonomies, and other similar types of controlled vocabulary. As an application of the Resource Description Framework (RDF), SKOS allows concepts to be composed and published on the World Wide Web, linked with data on the Web and integrated into other concept schemes.

This document is a user guide for those who would like to represent their concept scheme using SKOS.

In basic SKOS, conceptual resources (concepts) are identified with URIs, labeled with strings in one or more natural languages, documented with various types of note, semantically related to each other in informal hierarchies and association networks, and aggregated into concept schemes.

In advanced SKOS, conceptual resources can be mapped across concept schemes and grouped into labeled or ordered collections. Relationships can be specified between concept labels. Finally, the SKOS vocabulary itself can be extended to suit the needs of particular communities of practice or combined with other modeling vocabularies.

This document is a companion to the SKOS Reference, which provides the normative reference on SKOS. Show less

The principle objective of Work Package 1 within the IPAS project has been to develop a system to support the engineering designer, so that when during the design or redesign process for a particular part, relevant information about how it, and related parts, have performed in service, should be available in an assessable form. This report details the results from the evaluation of Demonstrator 3c, conducted at Rolls-Royce Derby between 20 and 24 August 2008. While the evaluation had to be… Show more

The principle objective of Work Package 1 within the IPAS project has been to develop a system to support the engineering designer, so that when during the design or redesign process for a particular part, relevant information about how it, and related parts, have performed in service, should be available in an assessable form. This report details the results from the evaluation of Demonstrator 3c, conducted at Rolls-Royce Derby between 20 and 24 August 2008. While the evaluation had to be curtailed in certain respects the results were highly positive and validate the approach taken over the IPAS project, in particular Demonstrator 3a, b and c. The evaluation also identied a number of shortcoming with respect to the construction and presentation of the knowledge held in the document repository. Show less

IPAS (Integrated Products and Services) was a three year project co-funded by the UK Technology Strategy Board’s Collaborative Research and Development programme and Rolls-Royce plc, that involved researchers from ten universities and companies, with
specialisms in artificial intelligence, engineering, and organisational psychology. One of the principal aims of IPAS was to provide feedback from in-service operation of products to the design of new products and services.

Ontologies are vital for the achievement of the Semantic Web. Given their central role it is highly desirable that ontologies be
evaluated and made consistent. Several evaluation approaches investigate whether an ontology is "fit for purpose". Further approaches focus on the consistency of the axioms populating the ontology. More specifically, the OntoClean methodology determines the adequacy of taxonomic relationships based on the philosophical interpretation of concepts. By contrast, we… Show more

Ontologies are vital for the achievement of the Semantic Web. Given their central role it is highly desirable that ontologies be
evaluated and made consistent. Several evaluation approaches investigate whether an ontology is "fit for purpose". Further approaches focus on the consistency of the axioms populating the ontology. More specifically, the OntoClean methodology determines the adequacy of taxonomic relationships based on the philosophical interpretation of concepts. By contrast, we propose a new evaluation approach, CleOn, which evaluates the adequacy of taxonomic relationships between sub-concept concept
pairs. This method effectively processes the linguistic information inherent in class names, and defines a lexical path for each concept in the taxonomy in terms of its immediate parent, and recursively for all terms back to the thesaurus's root node. The lexical adequacy of a link between a parent and a child concept is then defined in terms of their lexical paths. As part of this research, we have applied our methodology to a domain
specific ontology and show our approach is simpler to apply than the OntoClean methodology. Further, we demonstrate the discordance between the terminology used by a large company in the aerospace and defence sector and the terminology used by academics in mechanical engineering. Show less

Consistent ontologies are vital for the growth of the Semantic Web. We describe and appraise the OntoClean methodology and the different implementations available to evaluate taxonomic relationships in ontologies. We propose a new system, CleanONTO, which uses definitions to describe each concept, where definitions are paths from the concept to the root node of the ontology. In the current study, these definitions (paths) have been extracted from WordNet.