Onyedikachi Joshua Okeke

The probability of contamination is frequently elevated in scenarios where a well and pit latrine coexist, or in situations where heavy rain causes the overflow of open excreta dumps, which in turn flush into wells and surface water. Many possible negative health effects might arise from exposure to various ecological and biological agents in the environment. Therefore, there is a need to examine the risk of disease transmission in Ife North Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun state, using… Show more

The probability of contamination is frequently elevated in scenarios where a well and pit latrine coexist, or in situations where heavy rain causes the overflow of open excreta dumps, which in turn flush into wells and surface water. Many possible negative health effects might arise from exposure to various ecological and biological agents in the environment. Therefore, there is a need to examine the risk of disease transmission in Ife North Local Government Area (LGA) of Osun state, using epidemiological, environmental, and ecological factors. Show less

The study was aimed at investigating the impacts of biological factors on the prevalence and distribution of human related diseases in Ife, Nigeria using mathematical and statistical models. The Fuzzy logic, Anselin local moran’s I, Variogram and Semivarigram, Chi-square, correlation and spline surface interpolation analysis were performed using ArcGIS 10.1 and ENVI 4.7. The disease surveillance and predictive maps were produced. Total coliform and other biological factors were identified as… Show more

The study was aimed at investigating the impacts of biological factors on the prevalence and distribution of human related diseases in Ife, Nigeria using mathematical and statistical models. The Fuzzy logic, Anselin local moran’s I, Variogram and Semivarigram, Chi-square, correlation and spline surface interpolation analysis were performed using ArcGIS 10.1 and ENVI 4.7. The disease surveillance and predictive maps were produced. Total coliform and other biological factors were identified as effective variables. The study recommended that microbiological control of drinking water should be the norm everywhere, and that whenever there is availability of money, coliform determinations should be complemented with the quantification of enterococci. Show less

This paper focused on geostatistical analysis of epidemiological risk based on ecological and environmental characteristics of the study area. Fifty-two sampling points were randomly located, and water samples taken. The methodology employed was based on uncertainty and multi-criteria which contribute to the increase in the risk of epidemic. The Fuzzy logic, Anselin local moran’s I, Variogram and Semivarigram, Chi-square, correlation and spline surface interpolation analysis were performed… Show more

This paper focused on geostatistical analysis of epidemiological risk based on ecological and environmental characteristics of the study area. Fifty-two sampling points were randomly located, and water samples taken. The methodology employed was based on uncertainty and multi-criteria which contribute to the increase in the risk of epidemic. The Fuzzy logic, Anselin local moran’s I, Variogram and Semivarigram, Chi-square, correlation and spline surface interpolation analysis were performed using ArcGIS 10.1 and ENVI 4.7 software. The disease surveillance and predictive maps was produced. The final susceptibility map based on fuzzy logic shows that around 8.08km² out of 460.12km² within the study area is under very low level of epidemic risk, 364.98km² under low risk level while 87.06km² under moderate which amount to 1.75%, 79.32% and 18.92% respectively. Diarrhoea and Typhoid were found as the most common and rampant water borne disseises in the area. Diarrhoea was significantly correlated with schistosomiasis and gastroemteritis. Further studies are needed to be conducted in other local government areas of the state and Nigeria to have wider knowledge of the effects of environment and ecology on human related diseases Show less

Landslide is a natural disaster and can distort the entire ecosystem but it is area dependent. It has negative and adverse multiple effects which can reduce the social-cultural and economic standards of the people, hence predicting the occurrence and setting measures for reducing the impact is imperative. This study presents the report of the mapping of the susceptibility areas to landslide in Jos south LGA using the geospatial method and multi-criteria analysis. The data set for the study were… Show more

Landslide is a natural disaster and can distort the entire ecosystem but it is area dependent. It has negative and adverse multiple effects which can reduce the social-cultural and economic standards of the people, hence predicting the occurrence and setting measures for reducing the impact is imperative. This study presents the report of the mapping of the susceptibility areas to landslide in Jos south LGA using the geospatial method and multi-criteria analysis. The data set for the study were obtained from topographic, soil and geology maps, satellite images, digital elevation model (DEM) generated from the digitised contour. The data were analysed using ArcGIS 10.1. Eight contributing factors were examined; geology, slope, soil types, landcover, land-use, drainage length, geomorphology and lineament density. The Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) of Multi-Criteria decision-making method was used to extract the weights for the different layers. The contributing percentages for the factors are; slope (21%), soil (19%), landuse/ landcover (9%) geology (13%) drainage length (16%) geomorphology (10%) and lineament density (12%). The landslide susceptibility mapping was carried out by running the standard weighted overlay model and the map revealed that 0.06% of the study area is severely high, 3.88% is high, 46.01% is moderate, 34.39% is low and 15.66% is very low. There is a need for periodic mapping and spatial measurement to ascertain the dynamic pattern of the landslide in this region; this will assist prediction of risk potentials and preventive measures to reduce the magnitude of any future occurrences. Show less

Water sources have been severely contaminated by heavy metals (HM) in Imo river basin due to different land uses including industrialization and intensive agriculture. Six land use types were identified using GIS and water samples were collected from both surface and underground water sources to test the HM concentrations in different land uses. Geostatistical tools such as interpolation (Kriging) and regressions were used to determine the extent of chemical concentrations, and their… Show more

Water sources have been severely contaminated by heavy metals (HM) in Imo river basin due to different land uses including industrialization and intensive agriculture. Six land use types were identified using GIS and water samples were collected from both surface and underground water sources to test the HM concentrations in different land uses. Geostatistical tools such as interpolation (Kriging) and regressions were used to determine the extent of chemical concentrations, and their relationships with the land use types. Higher concentrations of the heavy metals (NO3, Cr, and Pb) were observed in the center (middle stream watershed) around the urban built and grassland areas. Downstream watershed (wetlands areas) had low concentrations of the HM except Fe. The water quality in the built-up industrial areas were found to be of poor quality relative to other parts in the study area. The findings of this work will support the Federal Ministries of Water resources, Agriculture, Environment in sustainable decision making towards reducing pollutants and restoring the river basin and its catchments. Show less

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN)
concentrations and stocks are essential for improving soil quality
and increasing C-reservoir. The study aimed at quantifying the
dynamics of soil properties under different land use in Imo
watershed where there is no knowledge about the effects of land
use on SOC and STN pool. Six land use: arable land (AL), forest
land (FL), grassland (GL), shrubland hills (SL), urban built-up green
(UL), and freshwater… Show more

Soil organic carbon (SOC) and soil total nitrogen (STN)
concentrations and stocks are essential for improving soil quality
and increasing C-reservoir. The study aimed at quantifying the
dynamics of soil properties under different land use in Imo
watershed where there is no knowledge about the effects of land
use on SOC and STN pool. Six land use: arable land (AL), forest
land (FL), grassland (GL), shrubland hills (SL), urban built-up green
(UL), and freshwater swamp-mangrove wetland (WL) were
classified using ArcGIS 10.1 and FAO land use classification
system. Soil samples were collected and analyzed from each land
use under different soil depths and slope positions with three
replications. Topsoil layer (0–30 cm) contributed to more than
90% of the total soil nutrients. Land use significantly affected SOC
content, STN content, and bulk density. SOC and STN
concentrations were in the order of FL > WL > GL > SL > UL > AL
which revealed the potentials of FL and WL for SOC and STN
sequestration. The study provides land users with the information
to improve soil quality, conserve C and N stocks for ecological
sustainability and climate change mitigation. Show less

Malaria is an important disease that has a global distribution and significant health burden, especially in the tropics and subtropics. The spatial limits of its distribution and seasonal activity are sensitive to landuse-land cover (LULC), climate factors, and the capacity to control the disease. This study analyzed the spatio-temporal pattern of malaria incidence in Ife central-local government of Osun state, Nigeria. Both spatial and non-spatial data were collected for the study. The spatial… Show more

Malaria is an important disease that has a global distribution and significant health burden, especially in the tropics and subtropics. The spatial limits of its distribution and seasonal activity are sensitive to landuse-land cover (LULC), climate factors, and the capacity to control the disease. This study analyzed the spatio-temporal pattern of malaria incidence in Ife central-local government of Osun state, Nigeria. Both spatial and non-spatial data were collected for the study. The spatial data included satellite imagery, GPS data of the waste dumpsites, and the administrative map of the area. The non-spatial data were demographic, climatic, and malaria incidence data. ArcGIS, SPSS, and Jmulti packages were used for the data processing and analyses which included, geospatial index and factor weighting such as kriging, and the regression analysis. The results revealed that malaria prevalence, open spaces, and dumpsites were higher in the central and southern parts, as compared with the northern part of the study area. The study further showed that higher rainfall had substantial malaria incidents. Thus, malaria prevalence increased with increasing rainfall. However, malaria cases increased with moderate temperature but decreased as temperature became higher. Rainfall indicated a strong significant Show less

Onitsha is one of the largest commercial cities in Africa with its population growth rate increasing arithmetically for the past two decades. This situation has direct and indirect effects on the natural resources including vegetation and water. The study aimed at assessing land use-land cover (LULC) change and its effects on the vegetation and landscape from 1987 to 2015 using geoinformatics. Supervised and unsupervised classifications including maximum likelihood algorithm were performed… Show more

Onitsha is one of the largest commercial cities in Africa with its population growth rate increasing arithmetically for the past two decades. This situation has direct and indirect effects on the natural resources including vegetation and water. The study aimed at assessing land use-land cover (LULC) change and its effects on the vegetation and landscape from 1987 to 2015 using geoinformatics. Supervised and unsupervised classifications including maximum likelihood algorithm were performed using ENVI 4.7 and ArcGIS 10.1 versions. The LULC was classified into 7 classes: built-up areas (settlement), waterbody, thick vegetation, light vegetation, riparian vegetation, sand deposit (bare soil) and floodplain. The result revealed that all the three vegetation types decreased in areas throughout the study period while, settlement, sand deposit and floodplain areas have remarkable increase of about 100% in 2015 when compared with the total in 1987. Number of dominant plant species decreased continuously during the study. The overall classification accuracies in 1987, 2002 and 2015 was 90.7%, 92.9% and 95.5% respectively. The overall kappa coefficient of the image classification for 1987, 2002 and 2015 was 0.98, 0.93 and 0.96 respectively. In general, the average classification was above 90%, a proof that the classification was reliable and acceptable. Show less

This study aimed at identifying the Landuse-Landcover types by mapping the soil erodibity and intensity....

Soil erosion is one of the crucial forms of land degradation; a menace caused by soil degradation and prevailing lithological feature in southern Nigeria. Several hectares of land area and properties worth about 2.5 million USD are lost annually due to soil erosion. Besides arable lands, the vegetation which serves as habitat to several species is rapidly disappearing leading to the extinction of the native plant species. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impacts of soil-gully… Show more

Soil erosion is one of the crucial forms of land degradation; a menace caused by soil degradation and prevailing lithological feature in southern Nigeria. Several hectares of land area and properties worth about 2.5 million USD are lost annually due to soil erosion. Besides arable lands, the vegetation which serves as habitat to several species is rapidly disappearing leading to the extinction of the native plant species. The objective of the study was to evaluate the impacts of soil-gully erosion from 1986-2016 by mapping the susceptibility areas, classifying the land use, and analyzing the prevailing soil properties to proffer sustainable measures. It is hypothesized that the exacerbated soil erosion was attributed to low soil nutrients and weakened bed-rock which consequently had a significant effect on the vegetation cover. The study data consisted of satellite images, and topographical maps covering soil, geology, demography, DEM, and vegetation. In addition, field data were collected using a handheld GPS. ArcGIS 10.3, ENVI 4.7, RUSLE model and statistical software packages were applied for the data preprocessing and analyses. The image classification accuracy and kappa coefficient were 91.6%, 87.7%, 90.7%, and 0.84, 0.76, and 0.83 for 1986, 2001, and 2016 respectively. The results revealed that the vulnerability areas had soil with a high percentage of sand from the false-bedded sandstone and Upper Coal Measures, and a low organic matter than universally recommended for agricultural soil. The area for vegetation cover decreased from 61.7% in 1986 to 29.8% in 2016. The rapid decline of at least 20% in area cover (km2) was recorded during the study period for all the major food crops. Integration of geoinformatics, statistics, and the RUSLE model recorded a spatiotemporally applicable and dependable result and should be used in the future appraisal of soil erosion in Nigeria and other developing countries. Show less

Climate change and population growth are the key drivers of land use-land cover (LULC) change in sub-Saharan Africa. Ecosystem services from the species biodiversity have been the sources of food and energy in Nigeria through agriculture and provision of food, firewood, and shelter. The change in LULC has led to the degradation of the natural resources especially the plants which their severe extinction poses major threats to the increasing rural population whose livelihoods depend on them. The… Show more

Climate change and population growth are the key drivers of land use-land cover (LULC) change in sub-Saharan Africa. Ecosystem services from the species biodiversity have been the sources of food and energy in Nigeria through agriculture and provision of food, firewood, and shelter. The change in LULC has led to the degradation of the natural resources especially the plants which their severe extinction poses major threats to the increasing rural population whose livelihoods depend on them. The study aimed at using Remote sensing and GIS in assessing LULC change, and its impacts on the major plant species towards restoring the natural ecosystem in the area. We hypothesized that the anthropogenic and natural processes brought substantial changes in the land-use which consequently affected the plant and human communities. Data on land-use and plants between 1987 and 2015 were collected and analyzed for landuse-cover types, changes in area cover, and plants composition by using geospatial and statistical tools. The result revealed that 1987 recorded the highest percentage cover for all plant species including chromolaena odorata and panicum maximum, and other species while, 2015 showed the lowest under all the investigated land-use types except wetland. The finding also revealed that wetland had 87.3% increase between 1987 and 2002, and a 53% increase between 1987 and 2015. Conclusively, all the LULC types lost at least 5% of their land area to wetland over the 30 years of the study with dense and light forest recording the highest loss of more than 60% each. Recommendations were given on the conservation measures to salvage human and flora communities since our analysis revealed that they will all become extinct in the next 3-4 decades if no action is taken. Show less

The study investigate land use and land cover change around Eti period of 30years, between 1984 and 2014 using satellite remote sensing (landsat) data to determine the changes that occur within this period and the impact of the changes over the area. The Landsat images mangrove, built-up/bare land, water body 3,870.63ha (13.34%) in 1984and 16,332.66ha (56.3%) in 2014 from 13,729.9ha (49.98%) in 1984 to 2269.7ha (8.3%) in 2014. Water body shows only a marginal decrease of 1,692.18ha (4.8%)… Show more

The study investigate land use and land cover change around Eti period of 30years, between 1984 and 2014 using satellite remote sensing (landsat) data to determine the changes that occur within this period and the impact of the changes over the area. The Landsat images mangrove, built-up/bare land, water body 3,870.63ha (13.34%) in 1984and 16,332.66ha (56.3%) in 2014 from 13,729.9ha (49.98%) in 1984 to 2269.7ha (8.3%) in 2014. Water body shows only a marginal decrease of 1,692.18ha (4.8%) between the period of 30years examined while there is marginal increase of 690.39ha (3.9%) in wetland area. Show less

Rapid industrial, commercial and economic growth in Warri as a result of oil exploration activities has led to a continual increasing urbanization. This promotes flooding with excess rainfall due to the total impervious cover of the area and the unsanitary habit of people dumping refuse into stream channels, drains and also building along the flood pathways. Land cover change for the period 1987, 2002 and 2007of Warri was investigated using satellite remote sensing data...

The study attempted to assess the spatial impact of River Kaduna flooding of Kaduna South LGA and the surrounding areas using High resolution images...