My Truong

How CP/M Launched the Next 50 Years of Operating Systems: 50 years ago this week, PC software pioneer Gary Kildall "demonstrated CP/M, the first commercially successful personal computer operating system in Pacific Grove, California," according to a blog post from Silicon Valley's Computer History Museum. It tells the story of "how his company, Digital Research Inc., established CP/M as an industry standard and its subsequent loss to a version from Microsoft that copied the look and feel of the DRI software." Kildall was a CS instructor and later associate professor at the Naval Postgraduate School (NPS) in Monterey, California... He became fascinated with Intel Corporation's first microprocessor chip and simulated its operation on the school's IBM mainframe computer. This work earned him a consulting relationship with the company to develop PL/M, a high-level programming language that played a significant role in establishing Intel as the dominant supplier of chips for personal computers. To design software tools for Intel's second-generation processor, he needed to connect to a new 8" floppy disk-drive storage unit from Memorex. He wrote code for the necessary interface software that he called CP/M (Control Program for Microcomputers) in a few weeks, but his efforts to build the electronic hardware required to transfer the data failed. The project languished for a year. Frustrated, he called electronic engineer John Torode, a college friend then teaching at UC Berkeley, who crafted a "beautiful rat's nest of wirewraps, boards and cables" for the task. Late one afternoon in the fall of 1974, together with John Torode, in the backyard workshop of his home at 781 Bayview Avenue, Pacific Grove, Gary "loaded my CP/M program from paper tape to the diskette and 'booted' CP/M from the diskette, and up came the prompt: * [...] By successfully booting a computer from a floppy disk drive, they had given birth to an operating system that, together with the microprocessor and the disk drive, would provide one of the key building blocks of the personal computer revolution... As Intel expressed no interest in CP/M, Gary was free to exploit the program on his own and sold the first license in 1975. What happened next? Here's some highlights from the blog post: "Reluctant to adapt the code for another controller, Gary worked with Glen Ewing to split out the hardware dependent-portions so they could be incorporated into a separate piece of code called the BIOS (Basic Input Output System)... The BIOS code allowed all Intel and compatible microprocessor-based computers from other manufacturers to run CP/M on any new hardware. This capability stimulated the rise of an independent software industry..." "CP/M became accepted as a standard and was offered by most early personal computer vendors, including pioneers Altair, Amstrad, Kaypro, and Osborne..." "[Gary's company] introduced operating systems with windowing capability and menu-driven user interfaces

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In #VoIP and #WebRTC we are used to think in pipelines Microphone ➡️ Encoder ➡️ RTP ➡️ Send ➡️ Network ➡️ Receive ➡️ RTP ➡️ Decoder ➡️ Speakers Adding audio and #LLM for #ConversationalAI is no different. Just another piece of a pipeline: STT ➡️ LLM ➡️ TTS BUT… forerunners in this voicebot/convai domain are collapsing these 3 into a single box calling it Multimodal LLM There are many reasons why 🧩 Latency 🧩 Capture more than text 🧩 Interruptions Link in comment

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And Cisco registers a beat-beat for Q4 FY24, solid Q1 guide. The largest positive for me is that the "inventory digestion largely completed." There was a lot sold-in that hadn't been installed. A very positive sign. Also announced was a 7% RiF and $1B restructuring charge. Good progress at 'all-in' customer purchases across switching, routing, wireless, security, Splunk, Observability, and Collab. The good message here is that the whole is greater than the parts, synergy. Continued progress on software, subs, and services. Splunk obviously helps.

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In this clip, Michael Dolan, SVP and GM of Projects at the The Linux Foundation Foundation, discusses the recent shifts in the open source community, highlighting the challenges posed by changes in licensing for open source projects. He notes that some organizations are altering licenses to boost revenue and valuation, which can disrupt dependencies and contributions. Dolan emphasizes the need for clear licensing from the outset and the rapid response of the developer community in cases of such license changes.

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Worth clarifying that a facial #ageestimation vendor with a model trained on for example ‘passport & visa’ photos captured on standalone cameras should score well on National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) as NIST Application & Visa test images are similarly captured at visa & immigration offices. So some FAE models may not see any / much improved accuracy when tested with mobile phone captured images. Conversely Yoti’s Sep 24 FAE model, which is almost entirely trained on mobile phone captured images, scores much less well on NIST test images than on ACCS mobile phone captured images. But despite this, the Yoti FAE model is still the leading model tested by NIST on 13-16 year olds & one of the top models across all ages NIST test images. https://lnkd.in/dqJEZPFN

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𝐂𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 𝐁𝐢𝐭𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐞 / 𝐂𝐁𝐑 🔸 CBR is when video bitrate is on average the same no matter the timeframe selected 🔸 The better the codec, the more it will adhere and keep to CBR no matter the content 🔸 Most video streams in WebRTC use CBR More here: Link in comment

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🚨 Attention Roku Users: 2FA Now Mandatory After Account Breaches 🚨 Roku has made two-factor authentication (2FA) mandatory for all users following two separate incidents that compromised around 591,000 customer accounts. 🔒 The company believes the attacks were carried out using credential stuffing. 🗝️ #Roku #AccountSecurity #2FAUpdate While some users' accounts were used to make unauthorized purchases, Roku has assured customers that no sensitive financial information or personal data was accessed. 💳 Affected customers have been reimbursed for any fraudulent charges. 💸 #DataBreach #CustomerProtection #RokuSecurity 🤔 Are you a Roku user? Have you enabled 2FA on your account yet? If not, you'll be prompted to do so the next time you log in online. 🔐 Share your thoughts on this mandatory security measure in the comments below! 👇 #2FAMandatory #RokuCommunity #CyberAwareness Remember, using strong, unique passwords and enabling 2FA across all your accounts is crucial in today's digital landscape. 💪 Stay vigilant and protect your personal information! 🛡️ #CyberSecurity #PasswordSafety #StaySafeOnline — This summary was AI generated. If there are any issues with it, please call it out 😎 Thanks Ben. — https://lnkd.in/g-aG-uHs

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Cloud Communications Alliance Files Comments Opposing the California PUC ALJ’s Proposed Decision in VoIP Licensing and Regulation Rulemaking Proceeding: Yesterday, on behalf of the Cloud Communications Alliance (CCA), our firm filed detailed Comments in opposition to the Proposed Decision, citing fundamental issues that would disrupt the competitive VoIP landscape, contradict federal regulations, and stifle innovation. Jonathan Marashlian, Marashlian & Donahue, PLLC, The CommLaw Group at [email protected] Over two years ago, on August 25, 2022, the California Public Utilities Commission (CPUC) initiated Rulemaking 22-08-008 to consider major changes to the licensing status and regulatory obligations of interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) providers operating in the state. On September 13, 2024, Commissioner John Reynolds, the Administrative Law Judge (ALJ) overseeing the rulemaking proceeding, issued a Proposed Decision that would significantly alter the regulatory landscape for VoIP service providers in California. If adopted by the Commission later this year, the decision would impose a new regulatory framework on nearly all VoIP service providers operating or planning to operate in the state. The changes would introduce substantial requirements across three main categories of VoIP providers—Nomadic, Fixed, and Limited Facilities-Based VoIP—effectively raising barriers to market entry and increasing the compliance burden on existing operators. This comprehensive overhaul of the state’s VoIP regulations signals a major shift away from the more deregulated federal approach set by the FCC and would have far-reaching consequences for service providers.

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Trying to understand how AI and Analytics can help your Agency? Check this out!

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According to a post on the Shelf Talk Blog, the Seattle Public Library has been hit by a “ransomware event” on May 25, causing disruptions to a number of online services offered by the Library. Public computers, online catalog and loaning system, e-books, and in-building Wi-Fi were among the knocked-out services, which remained down on May 28. #Ransomware has become a lucrative business for hackers around the world, often targeting large corporations or institutions that can afford to pay millions of dollars. But this is not the first time a major American city’s library system has been targeted. In 2021, the Boston Public Library fell victim to a #cyberattack, though it remains unclear whether any ransom was paid to restore its systems. Does your organization prepare a detailed incident response plan for ransomware and other disruptions? Is it regularly tested and updated for effectiveness? Examine your readiness today 👉 https://lnkd.in/gtBBCPi . . . #RansomwareProtection #HackingPrevention #CybersecurityTips #DataSecurity #OnlineSafety #DigitalThreats #CyberDefense #InternetSecurity #HackersBeware #SecureNetworks

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Just about every significant deployment on the Internet makes use of reverse proxy software, and the most commonly deployed software is not memory safe. 👎 That’s why we’re supporting the development of River – a reverse proxy written in Rust that aims to offer both safety and performance. 👍 Since its launch in February, River has evolved to include load balancing, rate limiting, graceful reloads, and more. Read on for more details about the latest release and what’s next for River! 🌊 🔗 https://lnkd.in/guUSw_3E #MemorySafety #ReverseProxy #RustLang #OpenSource #TechInnovation

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Good stuff here about Media over QUIC from Mike English!

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This goes for so many things: GPIOs can be repurposed and then driven to control the things they’re connected to. In automotive ECUs, this is how the CAN protocol can be subverted. Many microcontrollers have a pin locking mechanism where a secure bootloader can stop pins being controlled later by malware. And yet how many secure bootloaders actually do that? 🦗 🦗 🦗

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Three questions about the new 🤑 Cash Out tactic "Ghost Tap". Yesterday we released new research, speaking to the industry I compiled the three questions I've heard most. First: 👻 Ghost Tap is a new way to misuse existing technology, to relay stolen card NFC to the other side of the world in seconds. Criminals use it as a new scalable, cheap and fast method to cash out. The criminal (the relayer) stays hidden while the mules (the tapper) are at risk. Q: How is this different than earlier NFC research at 🏫 TU Darmstadt and Eset? A: TU Darmstadt developed PoC technology years ago, and Eset found an Android malware misusing it. Ghost Tap is a cash-out method misusing Apple and Google Pay, and allows for speed and scale at low criminal investments. The method doesn't need the card or phone to function. Q: How are they stealing victim's cards? A: Criminals have been using all kinds of methods to steal card info, including: social engineering, info stealers, malware. There wasn't need for criminals to devise new methods, they can leverage existing ones, or even use off-the-shelf stolen data. Q: Is this threat hypothetical or is is really happening? A: We're getting reports from multiple countries supporting the use of the method in the wild. There also seem to be banks and banking systems which are more resilient to this threat. https://lnkd.in/eW9swnRk CC Cengiz Han Sahin Yorick Koster Andy C. Andrew Hawthorne Maurits Lucas Rohan Mer Rombert Anjema Simon Sharp Paul McGowan ThreatFabric

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Arista Networks (ANET) had its earning call on May 7th. ProntoNLP's #LLM signal gave a very positive alert about the stock. Since then ANET went up over 14%. As can be seen below based on our #LLM ANET is doing much better than all other companies in its GICS group (Communications Equipment). This quarter was a particularly good one for ANET and the sentiment score is the highest in the past 6 quarters. In particular, its #LLM Forecast score is much higher than in the last quarter (0.92 vs. 0.66). Based on our analysis we see more upside for ANET. Start using ProntoNLP's signal and Research platform today and get to act on earning calls, filings and news in real time. Follow ProntoNLP to get timely alerts on the hotetst stocks. #quantitativefinance #portfoliomanagement #stockpicking

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If you split the media processing pipeline in WebRTC to its coarse components, it makes it a bit easier to understand where latency occurs and from there, to decide where to focus your attention to optimize it. Read more 👉 Link in comment #WebRTC

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