Omar Hatamleh, Ph.D

Dr. Jacob Rome, a visionary in the area of in-space assembly and manufacturing (ISAM), presented at the 2nd ASME SSDM and gave a passionate speech about the need to advance ISAM technologies. Manufacturing space vehicles in space will enable greater flexibility and could result in more efficient space vehicles than if they were launched from the ground, not to mention, these vehicles are not constrained by the fairing volume. Looking forward to seeing these technologies come to to fruition within the next decade. We are also accepting papers in the area of ISAM at the AIAA Scitech Conference: https://lnkd.in/g5tHyumN Title: An Architecture for Orbital Manufacturing in Support of the Future Space Enterprise Abstract: Research and development for in-space servicing, assembly, and manufacturing (ISAM) is ongoing to support future national space enterprise efforts. Many government entities, non-profit organizations, and commercial companies are engaging actively in ISAM research while supporting and sharing knowledge through consortiums such as the Consortium for Space Mobility and ISAM Capabilities (COSMIC) and Consortium for Execution of Rendezvous and Servicing Operations (CONFERS). Research and advancements are being made in the area of manufacturing, assembly, servicing, life extension, refueling, repairing, on-orbit debris removal, orbital transfers, maneuvering, and more. The objective of this presentation is to provide an architecture for orbital manufacturing in support of the future space enterprise. Research on specific aspects of the roadmap, specifically, manufacturing of electrical components within a backbone structure, inspection of manufactured components, and autonomous assembly of snap-fit parts are being conducted. While the OSF (orbit satellite factory) has been a catalyst in spawning new research and making advancements that support ISAM, the current OSF concept needs to be expanded and to be re-evaluated in the context of the capabilities being sought by governent and industry (e.g., refueling, lunar manufacturing, etc.) As part of the OSF effort, existing & future capabilities were studied and evaluated. The roadmap has helped to identify high-value opportunities for orbital manufacturing that would complement the ISAM technological landscape. For example, rather than a stand-along factory building free-flying satellites, an orbital manufacturing outpost could produce replacement parts for satellite upgrades. Another opportunity would be to focus on building large structures that would be assembled at another location by robots or humans. In short, the manufacturing roadmap will be expanded to address many other use cases where orbital manufacturing can add value to space missions of all types.

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Looks like some details are emerging about the design of China's Megawatt-Class SPACE NUCLEAR REACTOR. https://lnkd.in/exjYg4-T In 2017, SCMP reported "China’s nuclear spaceships will be ‘mining asteroids and flying tourists’ as it aims to overtake US in space race...China is on course to develop nuclear-powered space shuttles by 2040, and will have the ability to mine resources from asteroids and build solar power plants in space soon after, according to state media." https://lnkd.in/eC4DjDWg Since then, a MW-class has passed a comprehensive evaluation. https://lnkd.in/evNfib2E Russia and China are also collaborating on nuclear power for their joint moon base. [Note, the NASA Artemis Basecamp (NOT A MOON BASE) will only have a 40kW power system. If the Chinese-Russian base uses the 1.5 MW (1,500kW) design, it will have 37.5x the power of the underpowered Artemis basecamp. The technical paper (which outlines the selection design and progress, and future focus areas) can be found here: https://lnkd.in/eX4cSchj Here are the highlights: -The system provides a net 1.5 Megawatts of electric power for a 10 year design life. -The TOTAL SYSTEM mass is just 7.866 tons (7,866 kg) and folds up to 12 m length x 4.4 m diameter, "making it easy to load and launch the rocket" (for example Long-March 5) -The REACTOR (656kg) is a porous uranium nitride pellet (ZrN) based reactor, which is lithium-cooled and operates at 1550 K creating 6MW of thermal energy. The Shield (1,267) is a shadow shield using a combination of neutron moderation and absorption materials (such as LiH or B4C, etc.) and γ shielding materials (such as tungsten or depleted uranium). -The POWER system (2,660kg) is a helium-xenon Brayton closed cycle with an overall efficiency of 25.79% and consists of a Brayton generator, regenerator, and cooler. The initial turbine inlet temperature is 1500 K, and outputs 1.5MW net electricity. -The COOLING system (2,759) is coated nickel alloy pipe; -CURRENT FOCUSA Areas: Nitride pellets manufacture, Molybdenum-Rhenium Alloy purity & welding, long-term helium extraction, expanding the operating temperature of samarium cobalt, indigenous heat-pipe testing & thin film processing, autonomous operations; It concludes: "Our country is in a new period of accelerating the construction of a space power. In the future, it plans to carry out deep space exploration missions such as manned moon landings, asteroid exploration, flybys of Jupiter, and the edges of the solar system. Space reactors will play an important strategic role."  Bhavya Lal A.C. Charania Pamela Melroy Jennifer Granholm Chris Shank

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🚀 Securing Satellites in the Age of AI 🛰️ As an #Astrophysicist / Space Data Scientist with Point Solutions Group, LLC, I had the honor of delivering a #keynote presentation titled "Securing Satellites: Cyber-Hardening Satellites in the Age of AI" at the 14th Annual PEAK #CyberSymposium, hosted by the ISSA COS chapter in #ColoradoSprings. With #AI driving both new threats and innovative defense strategies, safeguarding our satellite infrastructure has never been more critical. During the presentation, I explored: * The role of AI in amplifying #CyberThreats to #satellites, from #LEO to #HEO orbits. * Real-world case studies, including the #ROSAT incident, illustrating vulnerabilities in #SpaceSystems. * Strategic defense measures, such as AI-enhanced #architectures, proactive #DefenseModels, and collaborative #intelligence sharing, which are essential for countering evolving cyber threats. It was an amazing experience engaging with professionals dedicated to ensuring the security of our #Space assets. If you missed it, you can access the #PresentationDeck here! I'd love to hear your thoughts and discuss further strategies for satellite cybersecurity. Let's continue to push #innovation in this ever-evolving field! #Cybersecurity #SatelliteSecurity #AI #SpaceTech #ISSA #CyberHardening #SpaceOperations #AIForDefense

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Brian BJ Hall is a visionary leader at the forefront of artificial intelligence and quantum computing. His groundbreaking work has led to the development of the eXp-AIOS AI and Quantum AI infrastructure, revolutionizing the way campaigns leverage data and technology. Hall's central innovation is NAISCII, a revolutionary OmniTranslation Universal Language. This brainchild, detailed on his website onekindscience.com through blog posts and books, represents a significant leap forward in communication. NAISCII paves the way for seamless understanding across languages and cultures, fostering a new era of global cooperation. Hall's Services: Empowering Campaigns with Data-Driven Insights Brian BJ Hall offers a comprehensive suite of services designed to equip campaigns with the tools they need to thrive in today's competitive political environment. These services include: Real-time Persuasion Optimization: Tailoring campaign messages to resonate with individual voters based on real-time data analysis. Advanced Micro-targeting: Identifying and reaching the most receptive segments of the electorate with precision. Conversational AI for Voter Engagement: Building deeper connections with voters through personalized interactions. Hyperlocal Campaign Management: Streamlining campaign operations and maximizing efficiency. Fundraising Gamification: Increasing donor engagement and maximizing fundraising efforts. Data Analysis and Insights: Providing actionable insights to inform campaign strategies and resource allocation. Compliance and Legal Automation: Ensuring campaigns adhere to regulations and minimize legal risks. AI-powered Political Ad Networks: Optimizing ad placement and messaging for maximum impact. Decentralized Campaign Finance Platforms: Providing secure and transparent fundraising and spending solutions. Personalized Voter Education Platforms: Tailoring educational resources to meet the specific needs of voters. Biometric-based Voter Verification Systems: Ensuring the integrity of elections and boosting voter confidence. Augmented Reality Campaigning: Creating immersive experiences that engage voters and leave a lasting impression. The Benefits of Partnering with Brian BJ Hall By partnering with Brian BJ Hall, campaigns can: Gain a competitive edge: Stay ahead of the curve with cutting-edge technology and innovative strategies, including his revolutionary eXp-AIOS and Quantum AI infrastructure. Maximize voter engagement: Connect with voters on a deeper level and build lasting relationships, facilitated by NAISCII's universal communication. Optimize campaign operations: Streamline processes and allocate resources effectively. Leverage data-driven insights: Make informed decisions based on real-time data analysis. Increase fundraising success: Attract and retain passionate donors. Ensure compliance and mitigate legal risks: Stay compliant with regulations and avoid costly mistakes.

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🚀 Introducing the HTV-R: The Heart of the NYX Hypersonic Missile Defense Platform 🚀 HYPERIAN AEROSPACE is once again pushing boundaries with the HTV-R—the world’s first radar and command & control system with a built-in self-defense Direct Energy Multi-Cannon Weapon designed to neutralize incoming threats targeting its own platform. This revolutionary feature ensures continuous operation and unparalleled security, setting a new standard for missile defense systems. Why the HTV-R Stands Alone: 📡 Advanced Radar & Command & Control Precision The HTV-R provides the most precise, responsive targeting in the industry, tracking hypersonic threats in real time. With multi-band, multi-mode radar technology, it can detect, prioritize, and track a vast range of incoming missiles, aircraft, and drones faster than ever before. 🔆 Self-Defense Direct Energy Multi-Cannon Weapon HYPERIAN’s HTV-R is the only radar and command platform equipped with a self-defense weapon, capable of destroying threats before they reach the command center itself. This breakthrough innovation secures the critical command & control element that ensures the effectiveness of the entire missile defense system. 🚛 Mobility on Hyper Tactical Vehicles (HTV) Mounted on our highly versatile HTV, the HTV-R can be deployed rapidly and positioned in high-risk zones, offering unmatched flexibility and coverage. Without a robust radar and command & control platform, a missile defense system is rendered ineffective. The HTV-R, with its integrated self-defense and cutting-edge technology, guarantees that the NYX Hypersonic Missile Defense Platform is always ready to defend. Once again, HYPERIAN AEROSPACE is revolutionizing what’s possible—delivering the world’s fastest, most precise, and reliable missile defense command & control system. Want to see how HYPERIAN is transforming global security? Let’s connect! 🔗 https://HYPERIANAero.com #MissileDefense #RadarTechnology #Hypersonics #HYPERIANAerospace #NYXDefensePlatform #CommandAndControl #Innovation

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𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐦 𝐄𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐠𝐥𝐞𝐦𝐞𝐧𝐭 𝐒𝐰𝐚𝐩𝐩𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐢𝐧 𝐒𝐩𝐚𝐜𝐞 𝐟𝐨𝐫 𝐆𝐥𝐨𝐛𝐚𝐥 𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐦 𝐍𝐞𝐭𝐰𝐨𝐫𝐤𝐬   Boeing has unveiled plans for a groundbreaking satellite mission named Q4S, set to launch in 2026. The mission is set to involve two entangled-photon pair sources housed within one space vehicle. Boeing is working with payload and technology partner HRL Laboratories, LLC Laboratories, which is a joint venture between Boeing and General Motors. The mission will fly on an Astro Digital Corvus satellite.   𝐓𝐡𝐞 𝐐4𝐒 𝐌𝐢𝐬𝐬𝐢𝐨𝐧: 𝐁𝐞𝐲𝐨𝐧𝐝 𝐐𝐮𝐚𝐧𝐭𝐮𝐦 𝐊𝐞𝐲 𝐃𝐢𝐬𝐭𝐫𝐢𝐛𝐮𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧   The Q4S (Quantum, 4-photon, Space) mission is a Boeing-funded initiative that could revolutionize secure applications across various fields.  Unlike previous quantum missions focused on quantum key distribution, Q4S will demonstrate a core protocol for a generalized quantum network. The mission involves quantum entanglement swapping, a method that allows the exchange of quantum information between non-connected network portions. This demonstration is a cornerstone of Boeing's quantum portfolio strategy. The first demonstration in space, will be deployed on a smallsat platform. Boeing and HRL Laboratories have already successfully demonstrated entanglement swapping in a lab testbed with components representative of the payload design.   Translating this complex physics experiment to work in orbit presents significant challenges. The team has conducted extensive component and subsystem environmental testing to ensure functionality in the space environment.   Boeing envisions Q4S enabling more efficient long-haul transmission of quantum information, complementing fiber-optic networks for short-haul quantum data transmission.   A successful Q4S mission could enable quantum communication networks with far-reaching impacts in sectors like computing, healthcare, finance, and telecommunications by enabling ultra-secure transmissions and novel computing approaches.   While Q4S is likely the first in a series of demonstrations towards a future quantum communication network, the company reports growing interest from both commercial and defense customers in understanding the applications of such networks.   Image Credit: Boing - A rendering of Boeing’s Q4S satellite, which will demonstration quantum entanglement swapping on orbit.   #QuantumEntaglementSwapping #QuantumSpace #QuantumCommunication

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The FCC hosted a Space Bureau Transparency Event titled "Don’t Get Grounded: Understanding the Interagency Review of Satellites Prior to Launch." The event delved into the pre-launch review process conducted by U.S. government agencies for satellites and payloads. Speakers from various agencies, including the FAA, State Department, and NOAA, discussed their roles, challenges faced by both government and industry, and strategies to streamline the review process.  🚀 Watch the stream here: https://lnkd.in/gtiV5buu 

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US Space Command continues to post more data on the debris from the Chinese upper stage that broke up last month. So far they have cataloged 253 pieces of debris (one of which has already decayed). But there is likely a lot more to come. The same kind of Chinese upper stage (CZ-6A) that broke up two years ago created nearly 800 pieces of debris large enough to track. Once all of the debris is cataloged, this could end up being the 5th or 6th largest debris event in history. Explore the data yourself: https://spacedata.aei.org/

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Space: The $1.8 Trillion Opportunity for Global Economic Growth The World Economic Forum, in collaboration with McKinsey & Company, has released a report titled "Space: The $1.8 Trillion Opportunity for Global Economic Growth." This publication sheds light on the immense potential of the space economy and its far-reaching impact across various industries by 2035. The report forecasts that the space economy will increase from $630 billion in 2023 to an astounding $1.8 trillion by 2035, growing at an impressive 9% per annum. Interestingly, the report emphasizes that the true impact of space technologies will extend far beyond the space industry itself. The report also pinpoints the fact that Space will become more about connecting people and goods. It predicts that supply chain and transportation, food and beverage, state-sponsored defense, retail, consumer goods and lifestyle, and digital communications industries will generate more than 60 percent of the increase in the space economy by 2035. The state-sponsored civil space economy is poised for significant advancements: -Collaborating for exploration and research: Emerging partnerships among technology innovators will drive deeper solar system exploration, fostering advancements in space science and related technologies. -Advancing observation systems: Developments in Earth observation technologies will enhance applications in weather forecasting, urban planning, and disaster response, offering significant cross-sectoral benefits. -Expanding space-based Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT): Increased investment in space-based PNT will contribute to smarter, more sustainable urban and natural resource management. Beyond revenue generation, the report highlights the crucial role space will play in mitigating global challenges, from disaster warning and climate monitoring to improved humanitarian response. Collaboration between public and private players will be key to ensure that space capabilities reach their full potential in addressing global issues. Source: https://lnkd.in/dU5M78c8   #SpaceEconomy #SpaceTechnology #IndustryCollaboration #FutureofSpace #CivilSpaceEconomy #SpaceExploration

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The Space Force's latest initiative aims to forge robust partnerships with commercial entities to advance its space operations. Opportunities for Industry w/ CRG's SME Advice on Key Differentiators 1. Advanced Data Integration Solutions: -Interoperable Platforms: Develop platforms that ensure seamless interoperability with existing Space Force systems, reducing the need for extensive infrastructure changes. -Leverage CRG’s Expertise: Utilize CRG’s deep understanding of defense data integration to design solutions that can integrate smoothly with legacy systems while enhancing operational efficiency. 2. Enhanced Analytics Capabilities: -AI and Machine Learning Integration: Implement advanced AI and machine learning algorithms to process and analyze large data sets, providing actionable insights and predictive analytics. -Real-time Data Processing: Focus on real-time data processing capabilities to provide Space Force operators with up-to-the-minute intelligence, enabling rapid response to emerging threats. 3. Scalable and Adaptable Technologies: -Modular System Design: Develop modular systems that can be easily scaled and adapted to accommodate the growing volume of data from various sources, ensuring long-term usability and flexibility. -Future-Proof Solutions: Design technologies that are future-proof, with the ability to incorporate new advancements and updates seamlessly, ensuring continued relevance and effectiveness. 4. Seamless Integration with Ground Systems: -Comprehensive Integration: Enhance the integration of satellite command and control systems with communication networks and sensor systems, breaking down informational silos and improving mission collaboration. -CRG’s Strategic Insights: Work with CRG to gain insights into optimizing ground system integration, ensuring that all components work harmoniously to deliver enhanced situational awareness and decision-making capabilities. Leverage CRG's Expertise: Don’t miss out on the opportunity to revolutionize your approach to space operations. Leverage CRG’s extensive expertise in data integration, analytics, and ground system solutions to elevate your capabilities. Work with us to ensure your technologies are at the forefront of space defense advancements, driving innovation and operational excellence. Visit http://crgroupinc.com or contact us at [email protected] to learn more about how CRG can empower your organization. #CRG #SpaceForce #DataIntegration #SpaceOperations #DefenseInnovation #AdvancedAnalytics #AIinDefense #Interoperability #OperationalEfficiency #CRGExcellence #SpaceDefense #TechInnovation #DefenseContracting #MilitaryTechnology #GroundSystems #SpaceDomainAwareness #USSF #AI

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I think the short answer is yes. The #SPAC craze had a particularly damaging impact on the #spaceindustry; let's just hope it's not long-term damaging to #USA 🚀🇺🇲 #spacetech Dan Harkins recently brought up the subject in a Michael Sheetz post, so let's break down the #economics together. This is only a sample we reviewed from in our #spaceeconomy course for the Columbia University summer program. If anyone has more examples or data points, please add them in the comments. Virgin Galactic was abt 2yrs earlier (Oct2019) but can be seen as what set the stage for the SPACE SPAC explosion in 2021. The dozen SPACs in our sample had blank checks of $4.5B and created public space companies with a market cap totaling $23B. (I) AST & Science SpaceMobile- $462M merger with New Providence- April2021; valuation $3B (II) Astra- $500M merger with Holicity June2021; valuation $2B- used funds in part to acquire Apollo Fusions electric thrusters for $145M (III) Spire Global- $475M merger with NavSight (also a PIPE)- March2021; valuation $1.6B (IV) Momentus- $310M merger with Stable Road Acquisition Corp- Aug2021; valuation $567 (V) Blacksky- $450M merger with Osprey Tech -Feb2021; valuation $1.5B for global monitoring. PIPE $180M. (VI) Satellogic- $274 merger with CV Acquisition Corp- July2021; valuation $1.1B Satellite constellations of 300 by 2025; only 17 by 2021. PIPE by Cantor and SoftBank worth $100M. (VII) Planet- $590M merger with dMY Technology Group IV; valuation $2.8B 190 satellites in orbit Dec 2021, imagery and sat data specialists. PIPE (VIII) Redwire- $170M merger with Gesis Park- Sept2021; valuation $675M Redwire was created out of merger of Adcole Space and Deep Space Systems in June2020. (IX) Rocket Lab- $777M merger with Vector Acquisition- Aug2021; valuation $4.8B (X) Terran Orbital - $470M merger with Tailwind Two- Nov2021; valuation $1.8B (XI) Virgin Orbit- $68M merger with NextGen Acquisition Corp II– Aug2021 $3B (ish). Significant bc was suppose to be for $383M SPAC + 100M PIPE from AE Industry Partners and Boeing funding but only was $228 when finalized, Virgin Group and Mubadala IC joined PIPE Again it's not a comprehensive list or breakdown, so please add more data below if you have any. -GSP-

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My open access book chapter (published in 2021) shows that In-situ CO2 in Mars, can be a rocket propellant using hybrid rocket system. Although CO2 is a fire extinguisher, you can burn CO2 with metallic fuels in a hybrid rocket system! Great example how we can use various of propellants on the Mars using in-situ resources. Space exploration is a continuous dream we all have! Technology Innovation Institute https://lnkd.in/dMCKhK8P

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Synchronization of oscillatory growth prepares fungal hyphae for fusion In fungi, oscillations are a well-described feature of hyphal tip extension, where calcium ions control vesicle accumulation, actin depolymerization, and vesicle fusion with the tip membrane .

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THE ULTIMATE REUSABLE HEAT SHIELD FOR MARS: MATECH’s 5000F C/ZrOC TPS offers the ultimate in reusability. While LEO returns don't require 5000F capabilities, this ability guarantees 3000F performance for hundreds of safe missions. Reusability is the key to mission affordability. For more ambitious missions, Lunar return and Mars return, MATECH C/ZrOC is absolutely imperative! According to a very recent press release [1] and article in CompositesWorld [2] by Grace Nehls, Sierra Space has selected a layer of C/SiC ceramic matrix composite (CMC) on top of light-weight and highly insulative silica-based tiles, modelled after Space Shuttle tiles. For the lower heat flux of LEO return, this may be a viable heat shield solution. As Damond Benningfield wrote for the Smithsonian Magazine, for LEO return, “the tiles exposed to reentry temperatures of up to 2,300 degrees Fahrenheit [3].” Benningfield also stated “Tiles are too brittle to attach to the orbiter directly.” This underscores two inherent challenges to the very light-weight and highly porous silica-based Space Shuttle heat shield tiles. They are not high temperature capable enough for Lunar or Mars return, and they are also fragile and weak. For more aggressive mission requirements, such as Mars return, envisioned by SpaceX, what worked for the Space Shuttle simply won’t work. Consider the fact that the reentry velocities for LEO return are much lower than Lunar and Mars return [4, 5]. “The atmospheric entry interface velocity upon return from the Moon is approximately 11.1 km/s (36,500 ft/s; 40,100 km/h; 24,900 mph) whereas the more common spacecraft return velocity from low Earth orbit (LEO) is approximately 7.8 km/s (25,649 ft/s; 28,000 km/h; 17,000 mph) [5, 6].” Mars return velocity is much higher at 12.5 km/sec (41,104 ft/s; 44,800 km/h; 27,200 mph). To date, no reusable non-ablative heat shield has ever been demonstrated for either Lunar or Mars return. Yet, this is EXACTLY what Elon Musk is seeking. In his tweet of November 19, 2024, Elon Musk wrote “The biggest technology challenge remaining for Starship is a fully & immediately reusable heat shield. Being able to land the ship, refill propellant & launch right away with no refurbishment or laborious inspection. That is the acid test [7].” He’s absolutely right. MATECH has the solution for Starship. In the figure below, under identical conditions and a surface temperature of nearly 5000F, C/SiC CMC is compared to MATECH C/ZrOC CMC. The difference in ablation is dramatic [8]. Under very extreme heat flux conditions at AFRL’s LHMEL facility, the ablation rate of fully dense C/SiC is 100 times higher than MATECH C/ZrOC. This is exactly what Starship needs. MATECH’s C/ZrOC can be artfully combined with existing materials to produce a composite structure that is extremely high temperature capable, reusable, mechanically tough, light weight, and highly insulative, thereby meeting all of Starship’s Lunar and Mars return requirements.

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China's latest advanced aerospace fighter concept, known as the "White Emperor" or "Baidi," was recently unveiled at the 2024 Zhuhai Airshow. Developed by the Aviation Industry Corporation of China (AVIC) as part of China's Nantianmen Project, this conceptual sixth-generation fighter could potentially operate both in the atmosphere and space. The White Emperor is designed for supersonic flight and equipped to surpass Earth's atmosphere, showcasing China's vision of futuristic air combat capabilities. Although it’s still in the development phase, the White Emperor is expected to incorporate cutting-edge technologies like integrated space-air operations and high-speed maneuverability, aiming to redefine China's air superiority ambitions for the People's Liberation Army Air Force (PLAAF). The introduction of this concept model highlights China's strides in advanced military aerospace technology, reflecting a commitment to compete on a global scale with similar next-gen projects from other major military powers.

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Mass drivers are inevitable for any kind of space industry or solar system civilization at scale—and the US needs to be looking at such systems as a CENTRAL element of Artemis. Nobody is likely to be able to build O’Neill Cylinders (Giant Space habitats) or build out 55 terrawatts of green energy without them. They are conserving of non-renewable resources like rocket propellant and need only electricity to power them. It’s an obvious right move. That said, it’s a technology with a lot of implications…and we are right to be concerned.

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