About
Arcjet helps developers protect their apps in just a few lines of code. Bot detection…
Experience
Education
Volunteer Experience
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Governor
Chelsea Community Hospital School
- 2 years 9 months
Education
Safeguarding Governor from Oct 2018; Vice-Chair from Oct 2019; Interim-Chair from May 2020.
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Parliamentary and policy update
Open Rights Group
- 3 months
Preparing the weekly parliamentary and policy update review e.g. https://wiki.openrightsgroup.org/wiki/ORG_parliamentary_and_policy_update/2013-w29
Publications
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Stretched grid? Managing data center energy demand and grid capacity
Oxford Open Energy
Data centers are a crucial component of information technology systems because they provide a cost-effective, reliable, and secure location for the computer equipment that powers most, if not all, the services we use daily. However, their load-heavy utilization profile combined with a concentration of data centers within a few geographic areas is placing pressure on available electricity distribution network operator capacity, making it difficult to balance varying stakeholder needs. As more…
Data centers are a crucial component of information technology systems because they provide a cost-effective, reliable, and secure location for the computer equipment that powers most, if not all, the services we use daily. However, their load-heavy utilization profile combined with a concentration of data centers within a few geographic areas is placing pressure on available electricity distribution network operator capacity, making it difficult to balance varying stakeholder needs. As more data centers are built, competing with other users like housing projects and electric vehicle (EV) charging, how should the energy system change to accommodate these evolving uses?
Other authorsSee publication -
Sources of data center energy estimates: A comprehensive review
Joule
Data centers are a critical component of information technology (IT), providing an environment for running computer equipment. Reliance on data centers for everyday activities has brought increased scrutiny of their energy footprint, yet the literature presents a wide range of estimates with challenging-to-validate calculations that make it difficult to rely on their subsequent estimates. In this review, we analyze 258 data center energy estimates from 46 original publications between 2007 and…
Data centers are a critical component of information technology (IT), providing an environment for running computer equipment. Reliance on data centers for everyday activities has brought increased scrutiny of their energy footprint, yet the literature presents a wide range of estimates with challenging-to-validate calculations that make it difficult to rely on their subsequent estimates. In this review, we analyze 258 data center energy estimates from 46 original publications between 2007 and 2021 to assess their reliability by examining the 676 sources used. We show that 31% of sources were from peer-reviewed publications, 38% were from non-peer-reviewed reports, and many lacked clear methodologies and data provenance. We also highlight issues with source availability—there is a reliance on private data from IDC (43%) and Cisco (30%), 11% of sources had broken web links, and 10% were cited with insufficient detail to locate. We make recommendations to 3 groups of stakeholders on how to improve and better understand the literature—end users who make use of data center energy estimates (e.g., journalists), the research community (e.g., academics), and policy makers or regulators within the energy sector (e.g., grid operators).
Other authorsSee publication -
Data centre water consumption
npj Clean Water
The information communication technology sector will experience huge growth over the coming years, with 29.3 billion devices expected online by 2030, up from 18.4 billion in 2018. To reliably support the online services used by these billions of users, data centres have been built around the world to provide the millions of servers they contain with access to power, cooling and internet connectivity. Whilst the energy consumption of these facilities regularly receives mainstream and academic…
The information communication technology sector will experience huge growth over the coming years, with 29.3 billion devices expected online by 2030, up from 18.4 billion in 2018. To reliably support the online services used by these billions of users, data centres have been built around the world to provide the millions of servers they contain with access to power, cooling and internet connectivity. Whilst the energy consumption of these facilities regularly receives mainstream and academic coverage, analysis of their water consumption is scarce. Data centres consume water directly for cooling, in some cases 57% sourced from potable water, and indirectly through the water requirements of non-renewable electricity generation. Although in the USA, data centre water consumption (1.7 billion litres/day) is small compared to total water consumption (1218 billion litres/day), there are issues of transparency with less than a third of data centre operators measuring water consumption. This paper examines the water consumption of data centres, the measurement of that consumption, highlights the lack of data available to assess water efficiency, and discusses and where the industry is going in attempts to reduce future consumption.
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Assessing the suitability of the Greenhouse Gas Protocol for calculation of emissions from public cloud computing workloads
Journal of Cloud Computing
Efficiency improvements over the past decade have meant that data center energy usage has decoupled from the growth in IT workloads. Much of this efficiency improvement has been attributed to innovations made by “hyperscale” public cloud vendors, where a large proportion of new IT workloads are now being deployed. However, the move to the cloud is making it more difficult to assess the environmental impact of workloads deployed there. Although the large cloud vendors are amongst the largest…
Efficiency improvements over the past decade have meant that data center energy usage has decoupled from the growth in IT workloads. Much of this efficiency improvement has been attributed to innovations made by “hyperscale” public cloud vendors, where a large proportion of new IT workloads are now being deployed. However, the move to the cloud is making it more difficult to assess the environmental impact of workloads deployed there. Although the large cloud vendors are amongst the largest purchasers of renewable electricity, customers do not have access to the data they need to complete emissions assessments under the Greenhouse Gas Protocol. Data such as Power Usage Effectiveness, emissions factors and equipment embodied energy are not available from public cloud vendors. This paper demonstrates how the Greenhouse Gas Protocol method of assessment of IT emissions does not work for public cloud environments and suggests how this can be tackled by the cloud vendors themselves.
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