How can host countries balance the benefits and costs of FDI in different sectors and regions?

FDI can bring about significant benefits, including technological advancement, job creation, and economic growth. However, it's essential to recognize that these benefits may vary depending on the sector and region. For instance, while FDI in the primary sector may lead to increased revenue, it may also pose environmental challenges. Similarly, FDI in different regions can result in disparities in infrastructure and institutional development. To balance the benefits and costs of FDI, host countries should carefully evaluate the potential impacts in each sector and region. This involves considering factors such as the environmental and social implications, the need for technology transfer, and the long-term sustainability of the investment.

FDI can help kickstart a sector by infusing resources not limited to capital but also knowledge. Sectors such as technology, Fintech, and infrastructure have seen tremendous growth in the past decade because of their access to private capital.

Direct jobs arise within the foreign-owned enterprises, while indirect jobs are generated through the supply chain and service sectors supporting these enterprises. This job creation not only increases wages but also enhances overall economic growth and social welfare, providing a substantial boost to the local economy. For example, when an international automotive company sets up a manufacturing plant in a host country, it directly employs workers in the factory. Indirect jobs are created in local businesses that supply parts, provide transportation, and offer services such as food and maintenance, thereby stimulating broader economic activity and development.

There is transmission cost that is associated with the transfer of FDI when public corruption (abuse of power for personal gain) impedes the flow of long-term investment to target (destination) countries. The cost of corruption, which could be prohibitive, is eventually transferred to consumers, thereby making FDI transmission very costly and improbable. In effect, very high levels of corruption discourages the flow of long-term investments to needy countries.

It's important to recognize that while FDI can bring significant benefits such as revenue and technology transfer, it can also introduce challenges like environmental degradation and market imbalances. Achieving a balance requires a nuanced approach that considers the specific characteristics and needs of different sectors and regions. For example, FDI in the primary sector may offer high revenues but also pose environmental risks. Similarly, FDI in various regions can lead to disparities in infrastructure and institutional development. By acknowledging these nuances, host countries can make more informed decisions to maximize the benefits and mitigate the costs of FDI, ultimately promoting sustainable development.

As a fundraising professional, it's important to understand the nuanced impacts of FDI across different sectors and regions. While FDI can bring substantial benefits like revenue and technology transfer, it can also pose challenges such as environmental degradation or market power. Balancing these factors requires careful consideration of sectoral and regional variations. For instance, FDI in the primary sector may yield high revenues but also come with environmental costs. Similarly, FDI in different regions can lead to disparities in infrastructure and institutions. By recognizing these variations, host countries can better manage the benefits and costs of FDI for sustainable development.

Achieving balance is crucial. While FDI can bring high revenues and technology transfer, it also comes with environmental, social, and economic challenges. Ensuring that the benefits are evenly distributed across sectors and regions helps mitigate these issues and prevents regional disparities. Balancing these factors requires careful planning and regulation to maximize positive impacts while minimizing negative consequences.

By screening and regulating FDI inflows, host countries can ensure that investments align with their development goals and do not have adverse effects on local industries or the environment. Promoting FDI that matches comparative advantages can help maximize the benefits of foreign investment, such as technology transfer and job creation. Additionally, fostering linkage and integration between foreign and domestic firms can enhance the spillover effects of FDI, leading to further economic development. Overall, policies and strategies that carefully manage FDI can help host countries achieve sustainable and inclusive growth, benefiting both the economy and society as a whole.

FDI is explicitly mentioned in the UN Sustainability Development Goals as one of key impact areas in order to reach the key recommendations of The Paris Accord 2015. It is a moral responsibility for HiC (High Income Countries) to increase the proliferation of available financing to LiC (Low income Countries).

The article is good at pointing out some of the pros and cons. In my experience, developing countries often concentrate on the headline figures of FDI without being suitably discriminatory about what they are being offered.

La Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) es aquella que tiene como propósito crear un vínculo duradero con fines económicos y empresariales de largo plazo, por parte de un inversionista extranjero en el país receptor.

La Inversión Extranjera Directa (IED) es aquella que tiene como propósito crear un vínculo duradero con fines económicos y empresariales de largo plazo, por parte de un inversionista extranjero en el país receptor.