Puppet for Containerization

Table of Contents

Puppet for Containerization

Credits

About the Author

About the Reviewer

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Why subscribe?

Preface

What this book covers

What you need for this book

Who this book is for

Conventions

Reader feedback

Customer support

Downloading the example code

Downloading the color images of this book

Errata

Piracy

Questions

1. Installing Docker with Puppet

Installing Vagrant

The installation

VirtualBox

Vagrant

Vagrantfile

Welcome to the Puppet Forge

The Puppet Forge

Creating our puppetfile

Installing Docker

Setting our manifests

Summary

2. Working with Docker Hub

Working with Docker Hub

An overview of Docker Hub

Creating a Docker Hub account

Exploring official images

Automated builds in Docker Hub

Automated builds

Pushing to Docker Hub

Working with official images

Dockerfiles

Docker Compose

Puppet manifest

Summary

3. Building a Single Container Application

Building a Puppet module skeleton

The Puppet module generator

Coding using resource declarations

File structures

Writing our module

Running our module

Coding using .erb files

Writing our module with Docker Compose

Docker Compose up with Puppet

Summary

4. Building Multicontainer Applications

Decoupling a state

State versus stateless

Docker_bitbucket (manifest resources)

Creating our module skeleton

Let's code

Running our module

Docker_bitbucket (Docker Compose)

Let's code – take 2

Running our module – take 2

Summary

5. Configuring Service Discovery and Docker Networking

Service discovery

The theory

The service discovery module

Docker networking

The prerequisites

The code

Summary

6. Multinode Applications

The design of our solution

The Consul cluster

The ELK stack

Putting it all together

The server setup

The Consul cluster

The ELK stack

Summary

7. Container Schedulers

Docker Swarm

The Docker Swarm architecture

Coding

Docker UCP

The Docker UCP architecture

Coding

Kubernetes

The architecture

Coding

Summary

8. Logging, Monitoring, and Recovery Techniques

Logging

The solution

The code

Logstash

Monitoring

Monitoring with Consul

Recovery techniques

Built-in HA

Summary

9. Best Practices for the Real World

Hiera

What data belongs in Hiera

Tips and tricks for Hiera

The code

UCP

Kubernetes

Summary

Index

Puppet for Containerization

Puppet for Containerization

Copyright © 2016 Packt Publishing

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, without the prior written permission of the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations embedded in critical articles or reviews.

Every effort has been made in the preparation of this book to ensure the accuracy of the information presented. However, the information contained in this book is sold without warranty, either express or implied. Neither the author, nor Packt Publishing, and its dealers and distributors will be held liable for any damages caused or alleged to be caused directly or indirectly by this book.

Packt Publishing has endeavored to provide trademark information about all of the companies and products mentioned in this book by the appropriate use of capitals. However, Packt Publishing cannot guarantee the accuracy of this information.

First published: May 2016

Production reference: 1130516

Published by Packt Publishing Ltd.

Livery Place

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Birmingham B3 2PB, UK.

ISBN 978-1-78588-328-6

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Credits

Author

Scott Coulton

Reviewer

Ajeet Singh Raina

Commissioning Editor

Sarah Crofton

Acquisition Editor

Rahul Nair

Content Development Editor

Sumeet Sawant

Technical Editor

Dhiraj Chandanshive

Copy Editor

Neha Vyas

Project Coordinator

Shweta H Birwatkar

Proofreader

Safis Editing

Indexer

Rekha Nair

Production Coordinator

Aparna Bhagat

Cover Work

Aparna Bhagat

About the Author

Scott Coulton is a solutions architect with 10 years of experience in the field of managed services and hosting space. He has extensive experience in architecture and in rolling out systems and network solutions for national and multinational companies with a wide variety of technologies including AWS, Puppet, Docker, Cisco, VMware, Microsoft, and Linux. His design strengths are in cloud computing, automation, and security space.

You can find him at https://www.linkedin.com/in/scott-coulton-22864813. You can find him on Twitter at @scottcoulton and on GitHub at https://github.com/scotty-c.

About the Reviewer

Ajeet Singh Raina is a Docker Captain (https://www.docker.com/community/docker-captains) as well as technical lead engineer at Dell India R&D. He has picked up a variety of skills in his career, from having worked as an IT consultant and systems administrator to system integration testing. He received a certification as a VMware Certified Professional (VCP 4.1) while he was a part of the VMQA GOS validation team at VMware and has more than 8 years of industry experience. He is currently working with Enterprise Solution Group at Dell India R&D and has solid understanding of diverse range of topics, such as IT infrastructures, systems management, system integration engineering, and quality assurance.

Ajeet has a great passion for upcoming trends and technologies. He loves contributing toward open source space through writing and blogging at http://www.collabnix.com. He is currently busy evaluating and building up containers and microservices for his organization. Last year, he reviewed PowerCLI Cookbook, Packt Publishing.

This book would not have been a success without direct and indirect help from many people. Thanks to my wife and 7-year old kid for putting up with me, for all the missing family time, and for providing me with love and encouragement throughout the reviewing period. Thanks to my parents and family members for all their love, guidance, and encouragement during the tough times. Thanks to all my past and present colleagues and mentors at VMware and Dell Inc. for the insightful knowledge they shared with me.

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Love,

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Preface

This book teaches you how to take advantage of the new benefits of containerization systems such as Docker, Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, and Docker UCP, without losing the panoptical power of proper configuration management. You will learn to integrate your containerized applications and modules with your Puppet workflow.

What this book covers

Chapter 1, Installing Docker with Puppet, covers how to create a development environment with Docker using Puppet. We will look at how to install Vagrant and VirtualBox. Then, we will look at Puppet Forge and how to search for modules and their dependencies. We will briefly touch upon r10k to be our transport mechanism from the Puppet Forge to our environment. Then, we build our environment with Puppet.

Chapter 2, Working with Docker Hub, covers a lot about the Docker Hub ecosystem: what are official images, how automated builds work, and of course, working with images in three different ways.

Chapter 3, Building a Single Container Application, contains our first Puppet module to create a Docker container. In this chapter, we will look at writing rspec-puppet unit tests to make sure that our module does what it's meant to do. We will know how to map our Puppet module dependencies with our metadata.json and fixtures.yml files.

Chapter 4, Building Multicontainer Applications, introduces Docker Compose. We will look at the docker-compose .yaml file construct. We will then take that knowledge and create a Puppet template (.erb file) and wrap that into a module. We will also touch on the Docker Compose functionality that will let us scale containers.

Chapter 5, Configuring Service Discovery and Docker Networking, introduces two very important topics when working with containers. First, we will look at service discovery, what it is, why do we need it, and lastly, the different types of service discovery.

Chapter 6, Multinode Applications, introduces all the skills that you've learned in the book so far. We are really going to step it up a notch. In this chapter, we are going to deploy four servers, and we are going to look at how to Consul cluster. In this chapter, we are going to look at the two ways to network our containers. Firstly, using the stand host IP network, that our Consul cluster will communicate on. We will also install the ELK (Elasticsearch, Logstash, and Kibana) stack.

Chapter 7, Container Schedulers, covers container schedulers such as Docker Swarm and Kubernetes. Then, we will build a dev environment containing four servers, three cluster nodes, and a master. We will also build a Docker network and service discovery framework.

Chapter 8, Logging, Monitoring, and Recovery Techniques, will take the environment that we created in the last chapter and add monitoring, logging, and recovery techniques to it. This will make our applications robust and ready for production.

Chapter 9, Best Practices for the Real World, focuses more on the best practices for deploying Puppet itself within a containerized environment using all the new skills that you learned in the previous chapters. By the end of this journey, readers will be able to master Puppet and Docker and apply them in the real world.

What you need for this book

For this book we need Intel i5 or above, 8 GB of ram (16 preferable), 50 GB of free disk space, and any OS that can run Vagrant.

Who this book is for

This book is designed for system administrators who are looking to explore containerization. Intermediate experience and expertise of Puppet is presumed.

Conventions

In this book, you will find a number of text styles that distinguish between different kinds of information. Here are some examples of these styles and an explanation of their meaning.

Code words in text, database table names, folder names, filenames, file extensions, pathnames, dummy URLs, user input, and Twitter handles are shown as follows: The other change that we have made to the servers.yaml file is we have added entries to the /etc/hosts directory.

Any command-line input or output is written as follows:

command: -server --client 0.0.0.0 --advertise <%= @consul_advertise %>  -bootstrap-expect <%= @consul_bootstrap_expect %>

New terms and important words are shown in bold. Words that you see on the screen, for example, in menus or dialog boxes, appear in the text like this: The next thing we need to do is click on the Create button.

Note

Warnings or important notes appear in a box like this.

Tip