TOGAF® 9 Foundation Study Guide - 4th Edition

TOGAF® 9 Foundation

Study Guide 4th Edition

The Open Group Publications available from Van Haren Publishing

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The TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2

The TOGAF® Standard, Version 9.2 – A Pocket Guide

TOGAF® 9 Foundation Study Guide, 4th Edition

TOGAF® 9 Certified Study Guide, 4th Edition

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The IT4IT™ Reference Architecture, Version 2.1

IT4IT™ for Managing the Business of IT – A Management Guide

IT4IT™ Foundation Study Guide, 2nd edition

The IT4IT™ Reference Architecture, Version 2.1 – A Pocket Guide

Cloud Computing for Business – The Open Group Guide

ArchiMate® 3.0.1 – A Pocket Guide

ArchiMate® 2 Certification – Study Guide

ArchiMate® 3.0.1 Specification

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O-TTPS - A Management Guide

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Open Enterprise Security Architecture (O-ESA)

Risk Management – The Open Group Guide

The Open FAIR™ Body of Knowledge – A Pocket Guide

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All rights reserved.

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In the event of any discrepancy between text in this document and the official TOGAF documentation, the TOGAF documentation remains the authoritative version for certification, testing by examination, and other purposes. The official TOGAF documentation can be obtained online at www.opengroup.org/togaf.

Study Guide

TOGAF® 9 Foundation, 4th Edition

Document Number: B180

Published by The Open Group, April 2018.

Comments relating to the material contained in this document may be submitted to:

The Open Group

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or by electronic mail to:

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Contents

Chapter 1 Introduction

1.1 Key Learning Points

1.2 The Open Group Certification for People Program

1.2.1 Certification Document Structure

1.2.2 Program Vision and Principles

1.2.3 TOGAF 9 Foundation

1.2.4 The Certification Process

1.2.5 Preparing for the Examination

1.3 Summary

1.4 Test Yourself Questions

1.5 Recommended Reading

Chapter 2 Basic Concepts

2.1 Key Learning Points

2.2 Introduction to the TOGAF 9 Standard

2.2.1 What is the TOGAF Standard?

2.2.2 Structure of the TOGAF Documentation

2.3 What is an Enterprise?

2.4 What is Architecture in the Context of the TOGAF Standard?

2.5 Why do I Need Enterprise Architecture?

2.6 What is an Architecture Framework?

2.7 Why do I Need a Framework for Enterprise Architecture?

2.8 Why is the TOGAF Standard Suitable as a Framework for Enterprise Architecture?

2.9 What are the Different Architecture Domains that the TOGAF Standard deals with?

2.10 What does the TOGAF Standard Contain?

2.10.1 The Architecture Development Method (ADM)

2.10.2 ADM Guidelines and Techniques

2.10.3 Architecture Content Framework

2.10.4 The Enterprise Continuum

2.10.5 TOGAF Reference Models

2.10.6 The Architecture Capability Framework

2.11 Summary

2.12 Test Yourself Questions

2.13 Recommended Reading

Chapter 3 Core Concepts

3.1 Key Learning Points

3.2 What are the Phases of the ADM?

3.3 Deliverables, Artifacts, and Building Blocks

3.4 The Enterprise Continuum

3.5 The Architecture Repository

3.6 Establishing and Maintaining an Enterprise Architecture Capability

3.7 Establishing an Operational Architecture Capability

3.8 Using the TOGAF Framework with Other Frameworks

3.9 Summary

3.10 Test Yourself Questions

3.11 Recommended Reading

Chapter 4 Key Terminology

4.1 Key Learning Points

4.2 Key Terms

4.3 Summary

4.4 Test Yourself Questions

4.5 Recommended Reading

Chapter 5 Introduction to the Architecture Development Method

5.1 Key Learning Points

5.2 The Architecture Development Cycle

5.3 What is the Relationship of the ADM to Other Parts of the TOGAF Standard?

5.3.1 Relationship to the Enterprise Continuum and Architecture Repository

5.3.2 The ADM and the Foundation Architecture

5.3.3 The ADM and Supporting Guidelines and Techniques

5.4 Key Points of the ADM Cycle

5.5 How to Adapt the ADM to your Enterprise

5.6 The Need for Architecture Governance

5.7 Scoping the Architecture Activity for your Organization

5.8 Integrating the Architecture Domains for your Organization

5.9 Summary

5.10 Test Yourself Questions

5.11 Recommended Reading

Chapter 6 The Enterprise Continuum and Tools

6.1 Key Learning Points

6.2 Overview of the Enterprise Continuum

6.3 The Enterprise Continuum and Architecture Re-Use

6.4 The Constituent Parts of the Enterprise Continuum

6.4.1 The Enterprise Continuum

6.4.2 The Architecture Continuum

6.4.3 The Solutions Continuum

6.5 The Architecture Continuum in Detail

6.5.1 Foundation Architecture

6.5.2 Common Systems Architectures

6.5.3 Industry Architectures

6.5.4 Organization-Specific Architectures

6.6 The Solutions Continuum in Detail

6.6.1 Foundation Solutions

6.6.2 Common Systems Solutions

6.6.3 Industry Solutions

6.6.4 Organization-Specific Solutions

6.6.5 The Relationship of the Architecture Continuum to the Solutions Continuum

6.7 Using the Enterprise Continuum within the ADM

6.8 The Architecture Repository

6.8.1 The Architecture Landscape

6.8.2 The Standards Information Base

6.9 Tools Standardization

6.10 Summary

6.11 Test Yourself Questions

6.12 Recommended Reading

Chapter 7 The ADM Phases

7.1 Key Learning Points

7.2 Preliminary Phase

7.2.1 Objectives

7.2.2 Approach

7.3 Phase A: Architecture Vision

7.3.1 Objectives

7.3.2 Approach

7.4 Phase B: Business Architecture

7.4.1 Objectives

7.4.2 Approach

7.5 Phase C: Information Systems Architectures

7.5.1 Objectives

7.5.2 Approach

7.6 Phase D: Technology Architecture

7.6.1 Objectives

7.6.2 Approach

7.7 Phase E: Opportunities and Solutions

7.7.1 Objectives

7.7.2 Approach

7.8 Phase F: Migration Planning

7.8.1 Objectives

7.8.2 Approach

7.9 Phase G: Implementation Governance

7.9.1 Objectives

7.9.2 Approach

7.10 Phase H: Architecture Change Management

7.10.1 Objectives

7.10.2 Approach

7.11 Requirements Management

7.11.1 Objectives

7.11.2 Approach

7.12 Summary

7.13 Test Yourself Questions

7.14 Recommended Reading

Chapter 8 ADM Guidelines and Techniques

8.1 Key Learning Points

8.2 ADM Guidelines and Techniques Overview

8.3 Using the TOGAF ADM in the Context of a Specific Architectural Style

8.4 Architecture Principles

8.4.1 The TOGAF Template for Defining Architecture Principles

8.4.2 What Makes a Good Architecture Principle?

8.5 Business Scenarios

8.5.1 What is a Business Scenario?

8.5.2 The Use of Business Scenarios in the ADM

8.6 Gap Analysis

8.7 Interoperability

8.7.1 Interoperability and the ADM

8.8 Business Transformation Readiness Assessment

8.9 Risk Management

8.9.1 Risk Management in the ADM

8.10 Capability-Based Planning

8.11 Summary

8.12 Test Yourself Questions

8.13 Recommended Reading

Chapter 9 Architecture Governance

9.1 Key Learning Points

9.2 Introduction to Architecture Governance

9.3 TOGAF Architecture Governance Framework

9.3.1 Conceptual Structure

9.3.2 Organizational Structure

9.4 The Benefits of Architecture Governance

9.5 Architecture Board

9.6 Architecture Contracts

9.7 Architecture Compliance

9.7.1 The Meaning of Architecture Compliance

9.7.2 The Need for Architecture Compliance

9.7.3 The Purpose of Architecture Compliance Reviews

9.7.4 The Architecture Compliance Review Process

9.8 Using the ADM to Establish an Architecture Capability

9.9 Summary

9.10 Test Yourself Questions

9.11 Recommended Reading

Chapter 10 Architecture Views, Architecture Viewpoints, and Stakeholders

10.1 Key Learning Points

10.2 Concepts and Definitions

10.2.1 System

10.2.2 Stakeholders

10.2.3 Concerns

10.2.4 Architecture View

10.2.5 Architecture Viewpoint

10.3 Architecture Views and Viewpoints

10.4 The Relationship between Stakeholders, Concerns, Views, and Viewpoints

10.5 The Architecture View Creation Process

10.6 Summary

10.7 Test Yourself Questions

10.8 Recommended Reading

Chapter 11 Building Blocks

11.1 Key Learning Points

11.2 What is a Building Block?

11.3 Architecture Building Blocks and Solution Building Blocks

11.3.1 Architecture Building Blocks

11.3.2 Solution Building Blocks

11.4 Building Blocks and the ADM

11.5 Architecture Patterns

11.6 Summary

11.7 Test Yourself Questions

11.8 Recommended Reading

Chapter 12 ADM Deliverables

12.1 Key Learning Points

12.2 The Role of Architecture Deliverables

12.3 The Purpose of Key Deliverables

12.3.1 Architecture Building Blocks (ABBs)

12.3.2 Architecture Contract

12.3.3 Architecture Definition Document

12.3.4 Architecture Principles

12.3.5 Architecture Repository

12.3.6 Architecture Requirements Specification

12.3.7 Architecture Roadmap

12.3.8 Architecture Vision

12.3.9 Business Principles, Business Goals, and Business Drivers

12.3.10 Capability Assessment

12.3.11 Change Request

12.3.12 Communications Plan

12.3.13 Compliance Assessment

12.3.14 Implementation and Migration Plan

12.3.15 Implementation Governance Model

12.3.16 Organizational Model for Enterprise Architecture

12.3.17 Request for Architecture Work

12.3.18 Requirements Impact Assessment

12.3.19 Solution Building Blocks

12.3.20 Statement of Architecture Work

12.3.21 Tailored Architecture Framework

12.4 Summary

12.5 Test Yourself Questions

12.6 Recommended Reading

Chapter 13 TOGAF Reference Models

13.1 Key Learning Points

13.2 The TOGAF TRM as a Foundation Architecture

13.3 The Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model

13.4 Boundaryless Information Flow

13.5 Summary

13.6 Test Yourself Questions

13.7 Recommended Reading

Appendix A Answers to Test Yourself Questions

A.1 Answers to the Test Yourself Questions

Appendix B Test Yourself Examination Papers

B.1 Examination Papers

B.2 Test Yourself Examination Paper 1

B.3 Test Yourself Examination Paper 2

Appendix C Test Yourself Examination Paper Answers

C.1 Scoring the Examinations

C.2 Answers to Test Yourself Examination Paper 1

C.3 Answers to Test Yourself Examination Paper 2

Appendix D TOGAF 9 Foundation Syllabus

D.1 Basic Concepts

D.2 Core Concepts

D.3 General Definitions

D.4 Introduction to the ADM

D.5 Enterprise Continuum and Tools

D.6 ADM Phases (Level 1)

D.7 ADM Guidelines and Techniques

D.8 Architecture Governance (Level 1)

D.9 Architecture Views, Viewpoints, and Stakeholders

D.10 Building Blocks

D.11 ADM Deliverables

D.12 TOGAF Reference Models (Level 1)

D.13 TOGAF Certification Program

Index

Preface

This Document

This document is a Study Guide for the TOGAF® 9 Foundation qualification. This fourth edition is based on Version 3 of The Open Group Certification for People: Conformance Requirements (Multi-Level), and is aligned with the TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2.

It gives an overview of every learning objective for the TOGAF 9 Foundation Syllabus and in-depth coverage on preparing and taking the TOGAF 9 Part 1 Examination. It is specifically designed to help individuals prepare for certification.

The audience for this Study Guide is:

•Individuals who require a basic understanding of the TOGAF 9 framework

•Professionals who are working in roles associated with an architecture project such as those responsible for planning, execution, development, delivery, and operation

•Architects who are looking for a first introduction to the TOGAF 9 framework

•Architects who want to achieve Level 2 certification in a stepwise manner

A prior knowledge of Enterprise Architecture is advantageous but not required. While reading this Study Guide, the reader should also refer to the TOGAF 9 standard.1

The Study Guide is structured as shown below. The order of topics corresponds to the learning units of the TOGAF 9 Foundation Syllabus (see Appendix D).

•Chapter 1 (Introduction) provides a brief introduction to TOGAF certification and the TOGAF 9 Part 1 Examination that leads to TOGAF 9 Foundation, as well as how to use this Study Guide

•Chapter 2 (Basic Concepts) introduces the basic concepts of Enterprise Architecture and the TOGAF standard; this provides a high-level view of the TOGAF framework, Enterprise Architecture, architecture frameworks, the contents of the TOGAF standard, and the TOGAF Library

•Chapter 3 (Core Concepts) describes the core concepts of the TOGAF 9 framework

•Chapter 4 (Key Terminology) introduces the key terminology of the TOGAF 9 standard

•Chapter 5 (Introduction to the ADM) introduces the Architecture Development Method (ADM), the objectives of each phase of the ADM, and how to adapt and scope the ADM for use

•Chapter 6 (The Enterprise Continuum and Tools) describes the Enterprise Continuum and tools; its purpose, and its constituent parts

•Chapter 7 (The ADM Phases) describes how each of the ADM phases contributes to the success of Enterprise Architecture

•Chapter 8 (ADM Guidelines and Techniques) describes guidelines and techniques provided to support application of the ADM

•Chapter 9 (Architecture Governance) describes Architecture Governance

•Chapter 10 (Views, Viewpoints, and Stakeholders) introduces the concepts of views and viewpoints and their role in communicating with stakeholders

•Chapter 11 (Building Blocks) introduces the concept of building blocks

•Chapter 12 (ADM Deliverables) describes the key deliverables of the ADM cycle and their purpose

•Chapter 13 (TOGAF Reference Models) describes the TOGAF reference models from the TOGAF Library: the Technical Reference Model (TRM) and the Integrated Information Infrastructure Reference Model (III-RM)

•Appendix A (Answers to Test Yourself Questions) provides the answers to the Test Yourself sections provided at the end of each chapter

•Appendix B (Test Yourself Examination Papers) provides two Test Yourself examinations to allow you to assess your knowledge of the TOGAF 9 Foundation Syllabus and readiness to take the TOGAF 9 Part 1 Examination

•Appendix C (Test Yourself Examination Paper Answers) provides the answers to the examinations in Appendix B

•Appendix D (TOGAF 9 Foundation Syllabus) provides the TOGAF 9 Foundation Syllabus

How to Use this Study Guide

The chapters in this Study Guide are arranged to follow the organization of the TOGAF 9 Foundation Syllabus (see Appendix D) and should be read in order. However, you may wish to use this Study Guide during review of topics with which you are already familiar, and it is possible to select topics for review in any order. Where a topic requires further information from a later part in the syllabus, a cross-reference is provided.

Within each chapter are Key Learning Points and Summary sections that help you to easily identify what you need to know for each topic.

Each chapter has a Test Yourself questions section that will help you to test your understanding of the chapter and prepare for the TOGAF 9 Part 1 Examination. The purpose of this is to reinforce key learning points in the chapter. These are multiple-choice format questions where you must identify one correct answer.

Each chapter also has a Recommended Reading section that indicates the relevant sections in the TOGAF 9 documentation that can be read to obtain a further understanding of the subject material.

Finally, at the end of this Study Guide are two Test Yourself examination papers that you can use to test your readiness to take the official TOGAF 9 Part 1 Examination. These papers are designed to include the same question formats and a similar difficulty level to the official TOGAF 9 Part 1 Examination.

Conventions Used in this Study Guide

The following conventions are used throughout this Study Guide in order to help identify important information and avoid confusion over the intended meaning.

•Ellipsis (…)

Indicates a continuation; such as an incomplete list of example items, or a continuation from preceding text.

•Bold

Used to highlight specific terms.

•Italics

Used for emphasis. May also refer to other external documents.

•(Syllabus reference: Unit X, Learning Outcome Y: Statement)

Used at the start of a text block to identify the TOGAF 9 Foundation Syllabus learning outcome.

In addition to typographical conventions, the following conventions are used to highlight segments of text:

A Note box is used to highlight useful or interesting information.

A Tip box is used to provide key information that can save you time or that may not be entirely obvious.

About the TOGAF Standard

The TOGAF Standard, a standard of The Open Group, is a proven Enterprise Architecture methodology and framework used by the world’s leading organizations to improve business efficiency. It is the most prominent and reliable Enterprise Architecture standard, ensuring consistent standards, methods, and communication among Enterprise Architecture professionals. Those fluent in the TOGAF standard enjoy greater industry credibility, job effectiveness, and career opportunities. The TOGAF standard helps practitioners avoid being locked into proprietary methods, utilize resources more efficiently and effectively, and realize a greater return on investment.

About The Open Group

The Open Group is a global consortium that enables the achievement of business objectives through technology standards. Our diverse membership of more than 580 organizations includes customers, systems and solutions suppliers, tools vendors, integrators, academics, and consultants across multiple industries.

The Open Group aims to:

•Capture, understand, and address current and emerging requirements, establish policies, and share best practices

•Facilitate interoperability, develop consensus, and evolve and integrate specifications and open source technologies

•Operate the industry’s premier certification service

Further information on The Open Group is available at www.opengroup.org.

The Open Group publishes a wide range of technical documentation, most of which is focused on development of Open Group Standards and Guides, but which also includes white papers, technical studies, certification and testing documentation, and business titles. Full details and a catalog are available at www.opengroup.org/library.

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1The TOGAF Standard, Version 9.2 (C182), available at www.opengroup.org/library/c182 .

About the Authors

Rachel Harrison, Oxford Brookes University

Rachel Harrison is a Professor of Computer Science in the Department of Computing and Communication Technologies at Oxford Brookes University. Previously she was Professor of Computer Science, Head of the Department of Computer Science, and Director of Research for the School of Systems Engineering at the University of Reading. Her research interests include systems evolution, software metrics, requirements engineering, software architecture,