The Barrington Guide to Property Management Accounting: The Definitive Guide for Property Owners, Managers, Accountants, and Bookkeepers to Thrive
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Catering to Real Estate owners, property managers, property bookkeepers and accountants, the Barrington Guide to Property Management Accounting utilizes short chapters, real-life examples, and easy to understand explanations of core concepts central to both property management and accounting. Whether you are an experienced property owner or a ne
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The Barrington Guide to Property Management Accounting - PHILLIP GAVIN BARRINGTON
The Barrington Guide to Property Management Accounting
The definitive guide for property owners, managers, accountants and bookkeepers to thrive
Phillip Gavin Barrington
Barrington Guides
Copyright © 2023 Phillip Gavin Barrington
All rights reserved
No part of this book may be reproduced, or stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without express written permission of the author and publisher. While some examples herein are based on real-life, all names, amounts, and dates have been changed.
Disclaimer: The information provided in this book is for educational purposes only, to assist in property management. It is not intended to be a source of financial or legal advice. Making adjustments to a financial strategy or plan should only be undertaken after consulting with professionals. The publisher and the author make no guarantee of financial results or success obtained by using this book, but we certainly think it will help!
ISBN-13: 979-8-9896236-0-0
Cover design by: Phillip Barrington
Library of Congress Control Number:
Printed in the United States of America
To my wife, Jessica, who I love with my whole heart
Contents
Title Page
Copyright
Dedication
Part 1: Introduction to Basic Accounting
1. Accounting History
2. Debits and Credits
3. The General Ledger and Journal Entries
4. Types of Accounts
5. Financial Statements
6. The Profit and Loss Statement
7. The Balance Sheet
8. Chart of Accounts
9. Bank Reconciliations
Part 2: Property Ownership, Property Management and Working with Tenants and Vendors
10. Property Types
11. Residential Properties
12. Commercial and Industrial Properties
13. Leases
14. Lease Types: All-in versus Triple-Net
15. Invoicing and Statements:
16. Common Area Maintenance (CAM) and Home Owners Association (HOA) Dues
17. Determining the correct amounts to bill for Triple Net Charges
18. Triple Net Reconciliations
19. Common Area Maintenance
20. Rent Rolls
Part 3: The Professionals: Assembling your Team and Choosing a Property Manager
21. Hire a Property Management Company (or Manage Yourself)
22. Managing it Yourself
23. Hiring a Property Management Company
24. Leasing Agents, Brokers, and Real Estate Lawyers
25. Hiring Contractors and Choosing Vendors
26. Choosing, and working with a CPA
27. Other Consultants
28. 1099s
Part 4: In Depth Accounting for Property Ownership and Management
29. Cash Basis and Accrual Basis Accounting
30. Cash Basis Accounting
31. Accrual Basis Accounting
32. Cash Basis or Accrual Basis Accounting; Which is Right for You?
33. Accounts Payable, Accounts Receivable and Bad Debt Expense
34. Fixed Assets and To Capitalize or Not to Capitalize
35. More Capitalization Items: Tenant Improvements, Buildouts, and Whiteboxing
36. Depreciation and Amortization for Accounting Purposes
37. Depreciation and Accumulated Depreciation
38. Amortization for Property Management and Accounting
39. How to Record a Purchase Closing Statement
40. Gain or Loss on Building Sale
Part 5: Sample Company: Broadway Avenue Property
Section 1: First Quarter, Year One
Section 2: Financial statements
Section 3: Two Years Later
Section 4: Two Years Later: Financial Statements
Section 5: The Future
Section 6: Notes on Accrual Basis Accounting
Acknowledgement
About The Author
Books By This Author
Part 1: Introduction to Basic Accounting
Let's get it started
A brief history of accounting
Definitions of common accounting terms
An explanation of important financial statements
A review of bank reconciliations
This information will provide you with a solid accounting foundation, and use examples for Property Management.
1. Accounting History
Accounting has been around since humans began trading goods and services, soon after we moved from hunter-gathers to farmers. Some ancient civilizations kept meticulous accounting records on stone tablets that have survived to this day. These records reveal that the more things change, the more they stay the same.
Early accounting was more primitive, but as accounts grew larger, and trade became more extensive and global, people began looking for more efficient ways to account for transactions. It eventually led to what is now known as double-entry bookkeeping.
In 13th Century Renaissance Italy, double-entry bookkeeping was created by a monk named Luca Pacioli and we still use this method today. Double-entry bookkeeping means that for any transaction that occurs in a business that either involves money or will involve money there is a record of the transaction in at least two accounts (which we will expand more upon shortly). Most importantly, Pacioli established the basic accounting equation, which is:
Assets = Liabilities + Equity
This is easily interpreted as: Everything you own is equal to everything you owe plus your equity (ownership) in the company. Let us look at an example.
Example 1.1:
You purchased a property worth $10 million. You took out a loan of $9 million and paid $1 million of your own money to purchase the property. The accounting equation specific to this transaction is:
Property = Outstanding Loan + Investment
$10 million Property = $9 million Loan +$1 million Investment
Asset = Liability + Equity
The next step is recording the transaction. Every accounting transaction is recorded in the General Journal. The General Journal is the record of all accounting transactions that occur for a business. This is detailed on a report called the General Ledger which we will delve into further in a later chapter. Next, we will discuss how the transaction is recorded in the General Ledger using Debits and Credits.
2. Debits and Credits
Your first experience with debits and credits is usually with your personal bank statement. On the bank statement you see debits and credits. Whenever you deposit money into your account it is called a credit and a payment is referred to as a debit. (This is correct but not in the way many of us are used to). Debiting (or crediting) an account means that you either increased (or decreased) that account, depending on the account type. For every debit amount there must be an equal credit amount.
The most important distinction here is to never think of debits and credits in terms of positives
and negatives.
Rather think of them as either increasing or decreasing their account balance. How that works is based on the type of account it is. Let us look at an example.
Example 2.1:
You pay an electrician $1,500 to replace an electric service panel at one of your properties. This is an Expense Transaction. The journal entry to record this transaction is:
Debit: Electrical Repairs Expense for $1,500 (your expense increases)
Credit: Bank Account for $1,500 (your bank account decreases)
Example 2.2:
Here is an example of an Income transaction:
Your tenant pays you $2,000 for the monthly rent. The journal entry to record this transaction is:
Debit: Bank Account for $2,000 (your bank account increases)
Credit: Rental Income for $2,000 (your income increases)
Wait wait!
you say, "When I take money in, I debit my bank account and when I paid that electrician isn’t that a credit? That’s not right, is it? Because when I look at my bank statement when money comes in it’s a credit on my account, not a debit. What gives?"
Here is the important distinction: these transactions are from the bank’s perspective, not yours (or your company). So, when you deposit money into your bank account you say, the bank credited my account
and that is true, because from the bank’s perspective the person who paid you took money from their account (credit) and added it to yours (debit). However, on your books, the transaction increased your cash, which is a debit. Confusing, right?
The best way to combat this conundrum is to always think of the bank as backwards. Once you do that and know that every time money comes into your bank account it is a debit, you will easily solve what I call the bank conundrum.
Now let’s stop and take a breath (a deep breath, breathe in through your nose, hold it, and out through your mouth) and think about all you have just read about debits and credits. Let me take a guess – you just skimmed after you read the words debit and credit, right? That is perfectly fine, there is nothing wrong about being confused about debits and credits and having complete knowledge of them is not required to run a successful business. As we go along, we will look at more of the reasoning behind debits and credits, so there will be more opportunities to explore this concept. And really – you do not need to be an expert on debits and credits. But the knowledge of how they work is important when you are reviewing your financials and talking with your bookkeeper and/or accountant.
If you really want to understand