Donny’S Unauthorized Technical Guide to Harley-Davidson, 1936 to Present: Volume Iv: Performancing the Evolution

Donny’s Unauthorized Technical Guide to Harley-Davidson, 1936 to Present

Volume IV: Performancing the Evolution

Copyright © 2014 Donny Petersen.

All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means,

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information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher

except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

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ISBN: 978-1-4917-3729-3 (sc)

ISBN: 978-1-4917-3730-9 (hc)

ISBN: 978-1-4917-3728-6 (e)

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iUniverse rev. date: 06/26/2014

Contents

Acknowledgements

Preface

Introduction

Chapter I Platform for Success

The Evolution Platform for Performance

Evolution Engine Deficiencies

Weak Hydraulic Lifters: 1984 to 1985

Carbon-Contact Ticking: 1984 to 1985

Ticking Valve Spring: 1984 to 1985

The Gasketing Nightmare

Historically, the Flimsiest Engine Cases

Engine Installation Pitfalls

Pulling Cylinder Studs

Porous Engine Cases

Right Engine Case Cracking and Breaking

Early Evolution Flywheel Sprocket Shaft Contamination

Performance: Easy and Inexpensive to Difficult and Costlier

Screamin’ Eagle: Late for the Party

S&S Super Stock Evolution Engine Cases

S&S Twin Cam with Evolution Mounting Engine Cases

S&S Evolution Special Application Engine Cases Picture

Ultima Engine Cases: 3.500 to 4.400 Bore

Breaking in the Performance Engine

Ultima on Big Inch Engine Break-in Procedure

JIMS Break-in Procedure

JIMS on Atmospheric Conditions

S&S on Break-in Procedure

Chapter II Power Gains through Air Delivery, Cubic Inches, Compression, and Squish

Air Delivery and Exhaust

The Old Hot Rod Philosophy: Nuthin’ beats Cubic Inches!

Increased Displacement (Cubic Inches)

Increasing the Stroke

Bigger Bore

Big Bore Limited by Engine Case Cylinder Spigots

Compression

Static, Theoretical, Mechanical, Advertised, or Nominal Compression Ratio

Corrected or Effective Compression Ratio

Cranking Compression: Dry and Wet

Running Compression

Altitude affects Compression

Compression Equals Torque and Cylinder Fill

Compression Ratio versus Cam Duration

The Volume to Pressure Index (V/P Index)

Cam Timing Events and Cylinder Fill

Cylinder Pressure and Intake Valve Closing

Lobe Separation Angle (LSA) and Compression

Valve Overlap and Engine Function

The Exhaust System, Compression (Cylinder Fill), and Torque

Safe Cranking Pressure (Compression)

Compression Relief and Mechanical/Electric Releases

High Compression Pistons

Screamin’ Eagle 1340cc 10:1 Compression Ratio Piston Kit

Screamin’ Eagle 1340cc 10.2:1 Compression Ratio Piston Kit

Screamin’ Eagle 1340cc 10.5:1 Compression Ratio Piston Kit

Screamin’ Eagle 1340cc 11.7:1 Compression Ratio Piston Kit

Piston Ring Compression Control: Theory and Practical

Hemi-head, D-Squish, and Bathtub Combustion Chambers Picture

S&S Evolution Performance Squish Bathtub Chamber Picture

Squish

Squish Band

Squish Thickness

Chapter III Torque and Horsepower

Torque

Torque and Horsepower Relationship

Horsepower

Calculating Torque and Horsepower

Torque and Horsepower are always equal at 5252 rpm

Cylinder Fill and Torque Intertwine

Formulae for Horsepower and Torque

The Interrelationship between Torque, RPM, and Gearing

Performance Requires Increases to both Torque and RPM

Compression Equals Torque

Head Ports and Valve Sizing

Dr. Don’s Weight Loss Forum

Dynamometers

Compare Torque/Horsepower Graphs with your Riding Style

Absorption, Brake, or Engine Dynamometer

Inertia Dynamometer

(Inertial) Chassis Dynamometer

Eddy Current Absorber Module Dynamometer

Horsepower Shootouts

How a Dynamometer Works

My Dynamometer Advice

Dynamometer Correction Factors

Smoothing the Dynamometer Graph

The Air Fuel Ratio and Dynamometer Readings

Carburetor Tuning Conundrums

The Exhaust System to the Rescue

What Should a Dynamometer Operator Look For?

Will a Dynamometer Hurt an Engine or Power Train?

S&S Cycle, Inc. on Dynamometer Numbers

Different Types of Engine Horsepower

The Worldwide Diversity of Horsepower

Chapter IV Cubic Inches: Strokers, and Big Bore

Defining Engine Stroke

A Change in Stroke Leads to Other Modifications

Evolution Engine Aftermarket 2-hole and 3-hole Crank Pins

The Clearancing Rules

Stroker Pistons

Piston Speed

Internal Engine Parts Speed Limitations

Piston Acceleration

Engine Maximum (Redline) Rpm Calculation

Measuring Average or Mean Piston Speed

Evolution Piston Speeds

Piston Speed: Over Square, Square and Under-Square Engines

Connecting Rod Length to Engine Stroke Ratio

Performance Connecting Rod Length to Stroke Ratios

Sample of Connecting Rod Ratios

Connecting Rod Ratio Affects Engine Wear and Longevity

Connecting Rod Angle

Comparing Con Rod Ratios with Intake Breathing Quality

The Bore/Stroke Ratio and Over Square, Square and Under-Square Engines

Engine Stroke Limitations

Cylinder Bore

Evolution Big Bore Cylinder Availability

S&S Big Inch Kits

Stroker Kits

Sidewinder Kits

Hot Setup Performance Kits

S&S Stroker Traditional Flywheels Picture

S&S Stroker Flywheels with Sensor Timing Notches Picture

S&S 96c.i Hot Setup Big Bore, Stroker Kit with Super Stock Heads Picture

Truett and Osborne Stroker Flywheels and Crankshafts

JIMS USA Big Inch Kits

JIMS Pressed Evolution 87 Cubic Inch Stroker Kit

JIMS Pressed Evolution 89 Cubic Inch Stroker Kit

JIMS Pressed Evolution 96 Cubic Inch Stroker Kit

JIMS Pressed Evolution Flywheel Assemblies

JIMS Evolution Stroker Flywheels Picture

Welding Interference Fit Straight Crank Pin Picture

Chapter V Big Inch Engine Oil Carryover (Blowby)

Blowby or Carryover

Engine Breathing

Venting

The Breather Apparatus

Rotary Breather Valve Gear

Evolution Breather Valve Gear Use

Plastic and Steel Rotary Breather Gears Comparison Picture

Oil Blowby: Engine Manufacturer Defects

Oil Blowby: Rider/mechanic Neglect

Crank Vents

S&S Blowby Solutions

Crankcase Breather Reed Valve

Ultima Blowby Solution

The JIMS Blowby Solution

The TP Pro Vent Solution

Chapter VI Key to Power: Head Flow

Air Delivery: In and Out

Under-Square Engine and Breathing

Combustion Chamber Design

Heads Make or Break an Engine

Porting and Polishing

Porting

Valve Shrouding

Polishing

Cutting the Valve Seat

Performance Heads

Comparing Twin Cam Bathtub Squish, Evolution D-Squish Band, and Hemi Knucklehead Combustion Chambers Picture

Feuling 4-valve Heads

Edelbrock Performer RPM Power Package Picture

Edelbrock Performer RPM Heads

Edelbrock Power Package 1984 to 2000 Evolution Fitment

S&S 3 ½ Bore and 3 ⅝ Big Bore Performance Cylinder Heads Picture

S&S Performance Cylinder Head Intake Port Picture

S&S 4.000" Big Bore Super Stock Performance Heads

S&S V-Series 4 ⅛ (4.125) Big Bore Performance Heads

Super Stock 3 ½ Bore and 3 ⅝ Big Bore Cylinder Heads

S&S Super Stock Heads Picture

S&S Super Stock Pistons Picture

Screamin’ Eagle Heads

Screamin’ Eagle Evolution 1340 Cylinder Heads

Top End Clearance Verification

Chapter VII Performance Camshafts

What Cam Should I Buy?

The Super Tuners: Getting the most Power

Most Performance Cams do not Suit the Rider’s Needs

A Diet will Produce More Power

The Lungs

Calculating Lift of an unidentified Cam Picture

Cam Lobe Lift and Valve Lift

Rocker Arm Ratio

Cam Specifications Diagram

Cam Duration

Increasing Cam Lift Relative to Cam Duration

Compression Ratio versus Cam Duration

Gearing and Cam Duration

Valve Overlap

Valve Overlap effect on Power

Lobe Centerline and Separation Angles (LCA and LSA)

Lobe Centerline Angle

Lobe Separation Angle

Valve Closing Delay, Overlap, and LCA

Cylinder Pressure (Compression) and Intake Valve Closing

Production Cams – Compromise Performance Cams

Production Performance Cams and Horsepower Claims

Camshaft Degreeing: Ensure Correct Valve Timing

Stock H-D and Screamin’ Eagle Camshafts

Analyzing Some Camshaft Power Bands

Chapter VIII The Valve Train

It Takes Time to get Everything Moving

Ignition

The 45⁰ V-Twin Configuration

Overhead Valve (OHV)

Single Inline Camshaft

Valve Train(s)

JIMS Hydraulic Tappet Diagram

How Does a Hydraulic Tappet Work?

Lifter Tappets (Hydraulic and Solid)

What are Solid Ramp and Hydraulic Ramp Cam Lobes?

Pushrods

Adjusting Performance Pushrods

Ultima Lifter Adjustment Procedure

JIMS Lifter Adjustment Procedure

Screamin’ Eagle Adjustable Pushrod Kits

S&S Lifter Adjustment Procedure

Adjusting Pushrods with HL2T Limiter Lifter Kit Installed

Pushrod Adjustments Table

Roller Rocker Arms

Increasing Lift Relative to Duration: Longer-Ratio (High Ratio) Rocker Arms

JIMS 1.745 Roller Rocker Arms Picture

Valve Springs

Checking Valve Spring Travel for Higher Lift Cams

Valve Spring Metallurgy

Titanium

Valve Spring Terminology

Valve Spring Wire Shape

Oil Cools Heating Valve Springs

Dual Cylindrical, Round Wire Valve Spring Sets

Triple Valve Spring Sets

The Beehive or Conical Valve Spring

Natural Frequency and Critical RPM

Valve Spring Harmonics

Choosing a Spring Set

Beehive Valve Springs Picture

Performance Valve Springs Picture

Screamin’ Eagle II High Performance Valve Train Kit

Defective Screamin’ Eagle Valve Keepers/Keys (18211-86)

Less weight is your Friend

Chapter IX Fuel Delivery

Air Filtration and Power

Velocity Stacks

Air Filter Materials

Capturing Particulate in a Filter

Cleaning Air Filters

Air Filter Volume Capacity

S&S High Flow Air Filter Picture

Performance Filters and Air Breathers

K&N Air Filters: the One Million Mile Warranty

Measuring Air: the Flow Bench

The Law on Air Filter Warranty

Performance Air Breather Design

Doherty Power Pacc Air Cleaner Picture

S&S Air Cleaner

Comparative S&S Cycle Air Breather Air Flow Rates

S&S Teardrop Air Cleaner Inner and Outer Picture

Screamin’ Eagle Air Filter Flow Rates

Wood Performance Carburetor Air Filter cfm rates @ 1.5" H2O

Confusing Dyno Tests

Flow Bench Manometer Test Pressure Conversions

Flow Bench Test Pressure Conversion Chart

Calculating Necessary Flow Rates for Cubic Inch Displacement

Do Atomizers Work?

Ram Flow Induction Systems

S&S 2 into 1 Single Bore Induction Picture

Performance Carburetion

Pressure Differences: Laws of Physics

Carburetor Types

Lose the Keihin Carburetor and MM EFI

Intelligent Spark Technology

Mikuni on Carburetor Tuning

A Performance Cam may affect Carburetor Tuning

Spark Plug Color Tuning

Evolution CV Keihin Carburetor 1990 to 2000 Rear View Picture

Tuning the CV Keihin Carburetor

Dynojet Stage 7 Thunderslide for the CV Carburetor

Dynojet Thunderslide CV Carburetor Re-calibration

Boyesen TWIN SHOT CV 40mm Performance Kit

Tuning the S&S Super E and G Carburetor

Adjustable S&S Fuel Delivery

The Boyesen S&S QUICKSHOT 3: Adjustable Fuel Delivery

Thunder Jet and Thunder Pro

Thunder PowerJet

Mikuni HSR48 Easy Kit Picture

Mikuni HSR42, HSR45, and HSR48 Smoothbore Carburetors

How Similar is the HSR42, HSR45, and the HSR48?

Tuning the HSR42, HSR45, and HSR48 Mikuni Carburetors

Mikuni HSR Flatslide Smoothbore Diagram

Mikuni Main Jetting and Exhaust System Choice

Troubleshooting the Mikuni HSR Carburetors

Mikuni HSR48 User Tips

Screamin’ Eagle 40mm Carburetor Kit (91731-85A)

Screamin’ Eagle 42mm Flatslide Carb Kits (29640-99, 29641-99)

Tuning the Screamin’ Eagle 42mm Flatslide Carburetor

Screamin’ Eagle Big Bore 44mm CV Carburetor Kit

44mm CV Tuner Kit Parts

Screamin’ Eagle 45mm Flatslide Carburetor Kit

Coordinating Fuel Delivery with Ignition Timing

How EFI Works: the Total Engine Management System

Sensors for the first Magneti-Marelli EFI

The MM EFI Electronic Control Module

Magneti-Marelli EFI Components

Magneti-Marelli EFI Induction Module Assembly 1995 to 2001 Picture

Horsepower Inc. MM Performance Upgrades

Screamin’ Eagle MM Performance Upgrades

What to do with a Performanced Evolution with MM EFI

JIMS Elliptical Advantage EFI

S&S EFI 52mm Throttle Body Picture

S&S Early MM Variable Fuel Injection (VFI) Upgrade Kit Picture

H-D 45mm and S&S 58mm EFI Throttle Body Comparison Picture

Chapter X Evolution Supercharging, Turbocharging, and Nitrous

Air is King

Volumetric Efficiency

Wipe the Knowledge Slate Clean with Forced Induction

Supercharging

Roots Supercharger

Twin-screw Supercharger

Centrifugal (Vane) Supercharger

Turbo-Supercharger Benefits

Disadvantages of Supercharging

Spontaneous Combustion

Gasoline, Boost, and Compression Relationship

Cooling the Intake Charge with an Intercooler

Cams for Superchargers

Procharger: Intercooled Centrifugal Supercharger

Turbocharging

Turbocharger Cams

Turbocharger Sizing

Evolution Turbocharger

Choosing a Supercharger or Turbocharger

Supercharging, Turbocharging, and Nitrous Oxide

Nitrous Oxide

How Nitrous Works

Dry Nitrous Delivery

Wet Nitrous Delivery

Direct Port Nitrous Delivery

Riding with Nitrous

The Nitrous Purge Valve

The Forgotten Nitrous Tuning Aid: Spark Plugs

Sneaky Speed Secret: Indexing Spark Plugs

Power Tuning Nitrous

Upgrade Engine Components

Nitrous Jetting

Nitrous Bottle Heating for Performance

Nitrous Oxide Cams

Chapter Xi The Exhaust System: a Design of Complexity

Power Equals Breathing

There is no Overall Best Exhaust System

Exhaust Pulses, Pressure Differentials and Reversion

Do You Really Want to Modify your Exhaust?

Mufflers Silencing Noise

Absorption Muffling

Restriction Muffling

Reflection Muffling

Resonators

Back Pressure

Pipe Sizing

Exhaust Cooling

Muffler Volume Capacity

Exhaust Effect on Fuel Delivery

Torque, Cylinder Fill, and Exhaust

The Exhaust System: Cam LC, Valve Overlap, and Closing Delays

Camshafts and the Exhaust System

Hooker Exhausts

Python Staggered Duals

Screamin’ Eagle

SuperTrapp: Diffuser Technology

Thunderheader

True Duals: Performance or No?

Vance and Hines: The Power Chamber

Chapter XII Ignition: When to Spark the Spark

High Compression and Ignition

Spontaneous Combustion: the Great Engine Destroyer

Preignition, Spark Knock, and Detonation

The Engine Management System

Advance, Retard Ignition Timing

Rpm Spark/Advance Settings

Performance Ignitions

Ultima Programmable Ignition

Daytona Twin Tec Internal Ignition

Crane HI-4 Single Fire Race Ignitions

Chapter XIII The Performance Clutch

How to Wreck a Clutch

Finding a Difficult Neutral

Speed Shifting

1984 to 1985 Evolution Dry Clutch Picture

Evolution Wet Clutch Components Picture

Late-1984 to 1989 Wet Clutch Diagram

The Four Evolution Clutches

Performance Clutch

What is a Centrifugal Lock-up Clutch?

Clutch Plate Manufacturers

Barnett 1984 to 1985 4-speed and 5-speed Dry Clutch Replacements

Dry Clutch Power and Efficiency Upgrades

Barnett 1984 to mid-1989 Wet Clutches

Barnett late-1989 to 1997 Wet Clutches

Barnett 1998 to 2000 Evolution Wet Clutches

Barnett Scorpion Clutch Baskets and Accessories for all Evolution

Alto Clutches

BAKER King Kong Clutch

BDL Clutches

JIMS Performance Clutch Sets

S&S High Performance Clutch

S&S Performance Clutch Pack Picture

Ultima Performance Clutch

H-D Performance Diaphragm Spring Clutch Friction Plates

Screamin’ Eagle Performance Clutch Kit: 37950-98A: (1990 to 1997)

Screamin’ Eagle Performance Clutch Kit: 37952-98A (1998-and-later)

Screamin’ Eagle Race Clutch: 37960-98 (1989 to 2000)

Screamin’ Eagle Race Clutch: 37960-98A (1990 to 2000)

Screamin’ Eagle Variable Pressure Clutch

Screamin’ Eagle Performance Clutch Components

Chapter XIV Oil and Oil/Air Coolers

The Bullshit Debate: Oil Coolers and Synthetic Oil

Moly Protection Reduces Heat

Octane: Engine Salvation

Air and Liquid Cooled Engines

Vertical 10-row Jagg Oil Cooler Picture

The Formula is Turbulation Balanced with Restriction

Jagg Turbulators, Finning, Two-pass Design, and Oil Cooler Adaptor Picture

Resourceful Bikers: History of Oil Cooler Use

How Much Cooling is Necessary?

Oil Cooler Thermostats

Oil Cooler Pressure Drop

Practical Tips: Oil Cooler Installation

Negative Vacuum Principle

Oil Pressure Drop Wind and Bench Flow Analysis

Colder versus Hotter Spark Plugs

JIMS ForceFlow Cylinder Head Cooler

CHAPTER XV Performance Transmissions

Transmission Terminology

Four Speed Transmission

The Cowpie 4- speed Shifting Mechanism

Four Speed Transmission Gear Set Picture

Belts versus Chain Drives

Five-speed Transmission

H-D Develops Differing Gear Ratios: 1994

1991 to 2000 Evolution 5-speed Transmission Gear Set Picture

Torque Transfer Loss

Performance Transmission Warranty

Comparing some Six-speed Transmissions

Changing the Gear Ratios to Superdrive the 1:1 Direct Drive Transmissions

The BAKER TB6 TorqueBox 6-speed Transmission

S&S and H-D Cruise Drive Shift Clutches, Gear & Ring Dogs

The Helical Gear S&S 6-Speed

Screamin’ Eagle 6-speed Gear Set

Screamin’ Eagle 6-speed Transmission

JIMS Performance Transmissions

JIMS Transmission Gear Set Kit Selection

JIMS 6-speed Overdrive Gear Set

JIMS FLHT Oil Filler Spout Spacer

JIMS 5-speed and 6-speed Transmissions for a 4-speed Frame

JIMS 5-speed Transmission for a 4-speed Frame

JIMS 6-speed Transmission for a 4-speed Frame

BAKER 6 into a 4

Sputhe 5 into a 4

RevTech 5 into 4 and 6 into 4-speed Transmissions

JIMS FAT 5 Overdrive Transmission Picture

JIMS FAT 5 Overdrive Transmission Shifter Ring Picture

FAT 5 Gears Comparison with Stock Gears Picture

JIMS Right Side Drive (RSD) 6-speed OverDrive Transmission

RevTech Transmissions

RevTech 5-speed: 1990 to 1999 FXST/FLST

RevTech 6-speed Overdrive Gear Clusters

RevTech 6-speed Overdrive (LSD)

RevTech 6-speed Overdrive (RSD)

Ultima 6-speed 0.89 Overdrive Builder’s Kit

Ultima Complete 6-speed 0.89 Overdrive Transmissions: Left and Right Side

Ultima Left Side Drive (LSD) 6-speed Overdrive Transmission

Ultima Right Side Drive (RSD) 6-speed Overdrive Transmission

BAKER Frankentranny

165 ft-lbs Torque: BAKER OD6: Overdrive 6-speed Transmission

200 HP BAKER DD5: Direct Drive 5-speed Transmission

BAKER DD6: Direct Drive 6-speed Transmission

Sampling of Transmission Internal Gear Ratios

Chapter XVI Big Inch Crate Engines

Performance Aftermarket Evolution Fitment Engines

Take the Horror Stories with a Grain of Salt

Updating the Evolution Technology

Traditional Evolution Technology Base Engines

The S&S V96 Cubic Inch Engine

S&S Super Stock Ignition System

S&S IST Ignition

S&S V124 Cubic Inch Engine Picture

S&S Cycle V124 Cubic Inch Engine Specifications

S&S V124 Engine Fitment

S&S V124 Warranty

S&S V124 Upgraded Technology

S&S V124, V117, and V111 Cubic Inch Flywheels Diagram

Carbureted V124 Engines

V124 Super Stock Ignition System

EFI V124 Engines: Variable Fuel Injection (VFI)

Evolution Oil Pump Feed Side Picture

S&S HVHP Oil Pump Picture

Ultima El Bruto Competition Series Long Rod 140c.i Crate Engine

Specifications: 140 Cubic Inches

Ultima Engine Fitment Installation

Ultima Oil Recommendations

Ultima on Powertrain Gearing

Ultima on Alternators, Clutch, and Primary Belt Drives

Ultima 140c.i Exhaust System

Tuning the 140

First Starting an Ultima Engine

Ultima on the 140c.i Break-in Procedure

Ultima Maintenance Schedule

Ultima on Oil Blowby (Cylinder Head Breather Vents)

Ultima EPA and CARB Compliant Engines

RevTech 100c.i Square Engine

RevTech 125 Cubic Inch Engine

Twin Cam Evolution Mount Engines

JIMS Big Inch Engines

JIMS Machining 135 Cubic Inch Engine

Hydraulic Outboard Cam-Support-Plate Timing Sprocket Assembly Picture

JIMS Machining 131 Cubic Inch Engine

High Flow Geroter Oil Pump Picture

JIMS Pressed Evo Stroker Flywheel Assembly Picture

JIMS Machining 120 Cubic Inch Engine

Piston Balance Factors for JIMS Strokers

Installing JIMS Engines with Gravity Feed Oil Tank

JIMS Break-in Procedure

JIMS Tuning Factors

JIMS on Combustion Chamber Pressure

The King of Cubes

Comparing Big Inch Evolution Mount Crate Engines

Big Engine Cubic Inch Displacement Chart

Chapter XVII Technospeak Explained

52100 Bearing Steel

6061-T Extruded Aluminum

660 Bronze

7075-T651 Billet

8620 Steel

Absolute Efficiency (Ea)

Annealing

Bathtub Combustion Chambers

Bernoulli’s Principle

Billet (Ingots)

C355-T6 cast Alloy: its use for Cylinders, Heads, and Engine Cases

Cam Lobe Base Circle: Small and Normal

Camshaft Lobes: Solid Ramp and Hydraulic Ramp

Capacitor

Carbon Pile Load Tester

Case Hardening

Casting: Sand and Die Casting

Chromemoly (Chromoly or CRMO) Steel

CNC Machining Explained

Connecting Rods: I-Beam and H-Beam

Cryogenic Tempering and Hard Anodizing

Detonation, Spark Knock (Knock), and Preignition

Diode

Diode Bridge (Full Wave Bridge)

Ductility (Ductile), Malleability (Malleable), and Plasticity

EA or Absolute Efficiency

Eddy Current Dynamometer

Engine and Rear Wheel Power Measurement

Forged Metal

Forged Pistons

Full wave Rectification

Geroter Oil Pump Explained

Gross Axle Weight Rating (GAWR) Defined

Gross Vehicle Weight Rating (GVWR) Defined

Growler

H-11 Tool Steel use in Valve Springs

Heat Rejection

High Silicon Wire and its use for Valve Springs

Hobbed or Hobbing

Kobe Alloy use in Valve Springs

Laminar Flow

Lockup Clutch

Magnafluxing (Magnetic Particle Inspection)

Manganese Bronze and its use for Valve Guides

MLS Gaskets

Molybdenum Disulfide (Moly)

Mono-block Engine Components