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    A Guide to the Study of Basic Medical Mycology
    A Guide to the Study of Basic Medical Mycology
    A Guide to the Study of Basic Medical Mycology
    Ebook146 pages48 minutes

    A Guide to the Study of Basic Medical Mycology

    By Kee Peng Ng, Shiang Ling Na and Tuck Soon Soo-Hoo

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    About this ebook

    Mycotic diseases are gaining importance because of the increase in opportunistic fungal infections in patients whose immune systems are compromised. The identification of fungi isolated from clinical material has posed a variety of problems to many laboratories because of lack of expertise and experience, especially in the identification of recently emerged rare fungi that had not been previously reported.

    A Guide to the Study of Basic Medical Mycology offers an overview of the basic characteristics of fungi frequently isolated from clinical specimens. This comprehensive guide, developed by authors Kee Peng Ng, Tuck Soon Soo-Hoo, and Shiang Ling Na from the Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia, details the macro- and microscopic features of each fungus through graphics and illustrations.

    Including specimens not often found in all teaching modules, A Guide to the Study of Basic Medical Mycology serves to help medical students identify and learn to deal with clinically important fungi and fungal pathogens.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherPartridge Publishing Singapore
    Release dateSep 11, 2014
    ISBN9781482824131
    A Guide to the Study of Basic Medical Mycology
    Author

    Kee Peng Ng

    Kee Peng Ng BSc, PhD, MBBS, DTM&H, is a professor and senior clinical consultant with the Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre, Malaysia. He has a special interest in diagnostic mycology and is currently conducting whole genome characterizations and pathogenomic studies on important members of the dematiaceous fungal species. Tuck Soon Soo Hoo, PhD, is a mycologist who retired after 40 years as a lecturer in the Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya. He has extensive experience in the study of fungi of clinical importance, specializing in morphological identification and histopathological diagnosis of fungal diseases. Shiang Ling Na is a medical laboratory technologist in the Mycology laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, University Malaya Medical Centre.

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      Book preview

      A Guide to the Study of Basic Medical Mycology - Kee Peng Ng

      Copyright © 2014 Kee Peng Ng, Tuck Soon Soo-Hoo, Shiang Ling Na. All rights reserved.

      ISBN

      978-1-4828-2412-4 (sc)

      978-1-4828-2413-1 (e)

      All rights reserved. No part of this book may be used or reproduced by any means, graphic, electronic, or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, taping or by any information storage retrieval system without the written permission of the publisher except in the case of brief quotations embodied in critical articles and reviews.

      Because of the dynamic nature of the Internet, any web addresses or links contained in this book may have changed since publication and may no longer be valid. The views expressed in this work are solely those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the publisher, and the publisher hereby disclaims any responsibility for them.

      www.partridgepublishing.com/singapore

      09/10/2014

      24321.png

      Contents

      Section 1. Introduction to Basic Mycology

      Classification of fungi

      Characteristics of fungi

      Describing the colonial morphology

      The type of spores

      Section 2. Laboratory Diagnosis of Fungal Infections

      Sample collection

      Direct microscopic examination

      Stains commonly used in the Mycology laboratory

      Cultural procedures

      Biochemical tests

      Molecular identification of fungus

      Histopathology examinations

      Section 3. Yeasts and Yeast-like Fungi

      Candida species

      Cryptococcus species

      Malassezia furfur

      Trichosporon species

      Geotrichum species

      Rhodotorula species

      Ustilago species

      Section 4. Hyaline Hyphomycetes

      Acremonium species

      Aspergillus species

      Paecilomyces species

      Chrysosporium species

      Scopulariopsis species

      Scedosporium species

      Trichoderma species

      Sepedonium species

      Penicillium species

      Fusarium species

      Section 5. Dermatophytes

      Epidermophyton species

      Microsporum species

      Trichophyton species

      Section 6. Zygomycetes

      Mucor species

      Rhizopus species

      Basidiobolus species

      Syncephalastrum species

      Cunninghamella species

      Section 7. Dimorphic Fungi

      Histoplasma capsulatum

      Penicillium marneffei

      Sporothrix schenckii

      Section 8. Dematiaceous Hyphomycetes

      Alternaria species

      Curvularia species

      Fonsecaea species

      Bipolaris species

      Hortaea werneckii

      Exophiala species

      Cladosporium species

      Hendersonula toruloidea

      Exserohilum species

      Phialophora species

      Nigrospora species

      Ochroconis species

      Phoma species

      Chaetomium species

      Daldinia species

      Section 9. Non-cultivable Fungus

      Pneumocystis species

      Preface

      Mycotic diseases are gaining importance as a result of the increase in the incidence of opportunistic fungal infections among immunocompromised patients. The identification of fungi isolated from clinical material has posed a variety of problems to many laboratories due to lack of expertise and experience, especially in the identification of recently emerged rare fungi that had not been previously reported.

      Mycology is a small component of microbiology as taught in the undergraduate medical course. The exposure of most medical students to basic mycology is limited to a few medically important fungal species such as Candida, Cryptococcus, Aspergillus, and the dermatophytes. However many of the recently recognized fungal pathogens, such as the dematiaceous fungi, are seldom included in the teaching modules. This will handicap young medical graduates when confronted with the ever increasing number of fungal pathogens.

      This illustrated guide is meant to provide, as comprehensively as possible, the basic characteristics of fungi frequently isolated from clinical specimens. All the fungi illustrated in this manual are isolated from clinical material obtained in the Mycology Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya.

      The macro- and microscopic features of each fungus are graphically and pictorially presented, and it is hoped that this study guide will be useful to students in their study of clinically important fungi.

      Section 1. Introduction to Basic Mycology

      Fungi include two diverse forms: moulds and yeasts.

      A yeast colony is usually single, round, raised, or convex. The colony may be white, red, or black in colour (Fig. 1A). The vegetative structure of yeast is single, unicellular cells, 4-8 µm in diameter with buddings (Fig. 1B). The yeasts may produce pseudohyphae or true hyphae (Table 1) and reproduce by budding.

      A mould colony is fuzzy or cottony in appearance (Fig. 2A). A single growing vegetative structure of mould is known as a hypha or hyphae (more than one hypha). The hyphae can be non-septated (Fig. 2B) or septated and branched (Fig. 2C). The mycelium growing on the surface of the agar medium is called aerial mycelium, and those growing down into the agar are called vegetative mycelium. A mould colony is therefore made up of aerial and vegetative mycelia, which

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