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    Arterial Blood Gas Analysis - making it easy
    Arterial Blood Gas Analysis - making it easy
    Arterial Blood Gas Analysis - making it easy
    Ebook90 pages49 minutes

    Arterial Blood Gas Analysis - making it easy

    By Anne McLeod

    4.5/5

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    About this ebook

    Analysing arterial blood gases is a vital aspect of critical care. Yet many healthcare practitioners are uncertain how to interpret blood gases, and what actions they should take when they have identified alterations. Written by a Senior Lecturer in Critical Care, this easy-to-follow guide will help practitioners at all levels develop their skill in assessing arterial blood gas results.

    Key physiology (including the carriage of respiratory gases) is incorporated and applied to the parameters measured in blood gas analysis. Respiratory and metabolic causes of possible changes in blood gases are also explained. A step-by-step guide to assessing blood gases is provided, and examples of blood gases have been included for interpretation.

    In addition, case studies have been included, to demonstrate how patient care can be positively influenced by correct interpretation of blood gases. Quizzes are also provided in order to reinforce knowledge as readers work through the book.
    LanguageEnglish
    PublisherM&K Update Ltd
    Release dateApr 25, 2016
    ISBN9781910451557
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    • 5/5
      concise, practical, easy to read,good examples.. great work!! thank you

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    Book preview

    Arterial Blood Gas Analysis - making it easy - Anne McLeod

    Full the full range of M&K Publishing books please visit our website:

    www.mkupdate.co.uk

    Arterial Blood Gas Analysis

    making it easy

    Anne McLeod

    Arterial blood gas analysis – making it easy

    Anne McLeod

    ISBN: 9781910451-05-2

    First published 2016

    All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without either the prior permission of the publishers or a licence permitting restricted copying in the United Kingdom issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London, W1T 4LP. Permissions may be sought directly from M&K Publishing, phone: 01768 773030, fax: 01768 781099 or email: [email protected]

    Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages.

    British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data

    A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library

    Notice

    Clinical practice and medical knowledge constantly evolve. Standard safety precautions must be followed, but, as knowledge is broadened by research, changes in practice, treatment and drug therapy may become necessary or appropriate. Readers must check the most current product information provided by the manufacturer of each drug to be administered and verify the dosages and correct administration, as well as contraindications. It is the responsibility of the practitioner, utilising the experience and knowledge of the patient, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient. Any brands mentioned in this book are as examples only and are not endorsed by the publisher. Neither the publisher nor the authors assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property arising from this publication.

    Disclaimer

    M&K Publishing cannot accept responsibility for the contents of any linked website or online resource. The existence of a link does not imply any endorsement or recommendation of the organisation or the information or views which may be expressed in any linked website or online resource. We cannot guarantee that these links will operate consistently and we have no control over the availability of linked pages.

    To contact M&K Publishing write to:

    M&K Update Ltd · The Old Bakery · St. John’s Street

    Keswick · Cumbria CA12 5AS

    Tel: 01768 773030 · Fax: 01768 781099

    [email protected]

    www.mkupdate.co.uk

    Designed and typeset by Mary Blood

    Printed in England by McKanes, Keswick

    Contents

    List of illustrations

    List of tables

    About the author

    Introduction

    Acknowledgements

    Chapter 1

    What are arterial blood gases?

    Chapter 2

    Respiratory gases

    Chapter 3

    Acid-base balance

    Chapter 4

    Interpreting blood gases

    Chapter 5

    How to respond to the results

    Chapter 6

    Caring for a patient with an arterial line

    Quiz answers

    References

    Index

    List of illustrations

    Figure 2.1Pulmonary ventilation

    Figure 2.2External respiration

    Figure 2.3Internal respiration

    Figure 2.4Oxygen–haemoglobin dissociation curve

    Figure 2.5Effect of pH on oxygen dissociation curve

    Figure 2.6Effect of temperature on oxygen dissociation

    Figure 2.7Carbon dioxide transport (cells–blood)

    Figure 2.8Carbon dioxide transport (blood to alveoli)

    Figure 3.1Primary active secretion of hydrogen

    Figure 3.2Secondary active transport of hydrogen

    Figure 4.1Steps in interpreting blood gases

    Figure 6.1The patient’s hand before starting an Allen’s test

    Figure 6.2Blanching of the palm during occlusion of the ulnar and radial arteries

    Figure 6.3Flushing of the palm after the ulnar artery has been released, demonstrating good collateral circulation

    Figure 6.4Arterial line dressing

    Figure 6.5Correct arterial line set-up

    Figure 6.6Normal arterial waveform

    Figure 6.7Underdamp arterial waveform

    Figure 6.8Overdamp arterial waveform

    List of tables

    Table 4.1Causes of respiratory disturbances in arterial blood gases

    Table 4.2Causes of metabolic disturbances in arterial blood gases

    Table 4.3Interpretation of arterial blood gases

    Table 5.1Actions to take to resolve changes in arterial blood gases

    About the author

    Anne McLeod is a Senior Lecturer in Critical Care at the School of Health Sciences, City University, London.

    Introduction

    Arterial blood gases are frequently assessed in critical care or if a patient deteriorates unexpectedly. Analysing these blood gases helps practitioners to identify key physiological changes as well as finding

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