Novial

Novial
novial
Created by	Otto Jespersen
Setting and usage	intanesenel helpim toktok
Total spikas	–
Category (purpose)	toktok man i mekim intanesenel helpim toktok Novial
Category (sources)	Ol tok Roman na ol tok Siamanik; tu Interlingue na Ido
Ol kod bilong tokples
ISO 639-3	nov
Linguasphere	51-AAB-dc

Novial em i wanpela toktok. Dispela toktok i kamap long Otto Jespersen long yia 1928.

Nem

Novial = nov (nupela) + IAL (International Auxiliary Language, intanesenel helpim toktok).

Histri

Novial ol i bin kamap long buk bilong Otto Jespersen An International Language long yia 1928. Em i bin senis long yia 1930 long buk Novial Lexike.

Long yia 1934, Otto Jespersen i bin toktok long narapela senis long Novial: nem blong em i bin Novial Plubonisat.

Toktok i bin dai long yia 1943 taim Otto Jespersen indai .

Long 1935 na 1939, Valter Ahlstedt i bin rait long Novialiste, opisal megesin long toktok. Long yia 1937 em i bin mekim komisin long nem Lingual Jurie del Novialistes long mekim Novial moa gut. Nupela Novial i klostu long Interlingue. Tasol, em i bin senis long Interlingua. Dispela i bin pinis long Novial.

Long tenpela yia 1990, sampela pipol i bin painimaut em.

Ol leta na ponetikis

Novial	A	B	D	E	F	G	H	I	J	K	L	M	N	O	P	Q	R	S	T	U	V	W	X	Y
Ponetikis	/a/	/b/	/d/	/e/~/ɛ/	/f/	/g/	/h/	/i/	/dʒ/, /ʒ/	/k/	/l/	/m/	/n/	/o/	/p/	/k/	/r/	/s/, /z/	/t/	/u/	/v/	/w/, /u/, /v/	/ks/	/j/

Grama

Grama blong Novial em i isi.

Naun

Ol noun i pinis long -e: hunde (dok).

Plural blong naun i long -s: hundes (ol dok).

Ajetiv

Ajetiv i pinis long -i: beli (naispela).

Vab

Grama	Tok Inglis	Novial	Tok Pisin
Infinitive	to protect	protekte	lukaut
Present	I protect	me protekte	mi lukaut
Present Perfect	I have protected	me ha protekte	mi lukaut pinis
Simple Past	I protected	me did protekte	mi bin lukaut
Past Perfect	I had protected	me had protekte	mi lukaut pinis
Future	I shall protect o I will protect	me sal protekte	mi bai lukaut
Future Perfect	I shall have protected o I will have protected	me sal ha protekte
Future In The Past	I was going to protect	me saled protekte
Conditional	I would protect	me vud protekte
Conditional Perfect	I would have protected	me vud ha protekte
First Imperative	Let me protect!	Let me protekte!
Second Imperative	protect!	protekte!

Pronaun

Singular		Plural
mi	me	yumi, mipela	nus
yu	vu	yupela	vus
em	le, la, lo	ol	les, las, los
em (samting)	lu, lum		lus

Litorasa

Novial i nogat litorasa.

Ol buk long Novial:

• Li Empereren novi vestes
• Li Sorsiere de Oz

Ol buk long Novial

• Auerbach, Siegfried. 1930. Pri nommediati derivatione in li internacional lingues en A Grammatical Miscellany to Otto Jespersen (on his seventiehn birthday) Levin + Munksgaard (Copenhague) / George Allen and Unwin (London).
• *Jacob, Henry. 1943. Otto Jespersen. His Work for an International Auxiliary Language. International Language (Ido) Society of Great Britain. [1] (en inglés)
• Jacob, Henry. 1947. Chapter IV Novial (1928) by Otto Jespersen en A Planned Auxiliary Language. [2] (en inglés)
• Jespersen, Otto. 1928. An International Language. Allen and Unwin, London. [3] (en inglés)
• Jespersen, Otto. 1930. Novial Lexique. Carl Winter's. Heidelberg. [4] (en inglés)
• Jespersen, Otto. 1934. Plubonisat novial, en Novialiste N° 1. [5] (en novial)
• Jespersen, Otto. 1937. Pri reformes in novial, en Novialiste N° 18 diciembre de 1937. [6] (en novial)

Toksave long Intanet

Wikipedia

Lukim Wikipedia long Novial Wanpela Wikipedia long dispela tokples istap.

• Novial Wiki Book: Novial kursu por komenseres (anglim).
• Novial Discussion Group: Novial diskuse-grupe che Yahoo!
• Kurti deskriptione de 1928 Novial (anglim)
• Kurti deskriptione del 1930 version (anglim)
• Novial '98
• NOVIAL PRO: A short comparative description (anglim)