TOPSHOT - Muslim pilgrims use umbrellas to shade themselves from the sun as they arrive at the base of Mount Arafat, also known as Jabal al-Rahma or Mount of Mercy, during the annual hajj pilgrimage on June 15, 2024. Friends and family searched for missing hajj pilgrims on June 19 as the death toll at the annual rituals, which were carried out in scorching heat, surged past 900. (Photo by Fadel SENNA / AFP) (Photo by FADEL SENNA/AFP via Getty Images)
Hundreds of Muslim pilgrims have died from the heat in Mecca (Picture: AFP)

More than 1,000 people have died during this year’s Hajj pilgrimage amid extreme heat in Saudi Arabia.

The death toll has nearly doubled from yesterday, with new figures putting the number of Egyptians alone killed at 658.

Temperatures have reached at least 51.8C (125F) in the shade in Mecca – the holiest city in Islam.

Nearly two million Muslims have taken part in this year’s pilgrimage, with 10 countries so far reporting 1,081 deaths.

Fatalities are not uncommon at the Hajj, with both stampedes and epidemics claiming the lives of pilgrims in previous years.

But the number of dead this year suggests something caused the fatalities to swell.

A local diplomat told reporters ‘All of them died because of heat’ except for one who sustained fatal injuries during a minor crowd crush.

Saudi authorities have reported treating more than 2,000 pilgrims suffering from heat stress over the weekend.

Muslim pilgrim arrive to perform the symbolic 'stoning of the devil' ritual during the annual hajj pilgrimage in Mina on June 16, 2024. Friends and family searched for missing hajj pilgrims on June 19 as the death toll at the annual rituals, which were carried out in scorching heat, surged past 900. (Photo by Fadel SENNA / AFP) (Photo by FADEL SENNA/AFP via Getty Images)
The majority of those killed are believed to be Egyptian pilgrims (Picture: AFP)

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Temperatures at the Grand Mosque in Mecca hit 51.8C on Monday, according to the Saudi national meteorology centre.

AFP journalists following the hajj on Monday also reported seeing pilgrims pouring bottles of water over their heads as volunteers handed out cold drinks and fast-melting chocolate ice-cream to help them keep cool.

Speaking near the Grand Mosque on Wednesday, Khalid Bashir Bazaz, an Indian pilgrim, said he ‘saw a lot of people collapsing to the ground unconscious’ in Mecca as people fainted while trying to perform the symbolic stoning of the devil.

Saudi officials have attempted to curb the casualties by advising pilgrims to use umbrellas, avoid exposure to the sun and drink plenty of water as they make the pilgrimage.

Scores were effected by the scorching heat during worship ceremonies at the holy site (Picture: AFP)
Scores were effected by the scorching heat during worship ceremonies at the holy site (Picture: AFP)
MECCA, SAUDI ARABIA - JUNE 19 : Pilgrims worship and circumambulate around the Kaaba after fulfilling the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca, Saudi Arabia on June 19, 2024. (Photo by Issam Rimawi/Anadolu via Getty Images)
Pilgrims worship and circumambulate around the Kaaba after fulfilling the Hajj pilgrimage in Mecca (Picture: Getty)

But many of the hajj rituals, including the prayers on Mount Arafat which took place on Saturday, involve being outdoors for hours in the daytime.

Some pilgrims described seeing motionless bodies on the roadside and ambulance services that appeared overwhelmed at times.

Many Egyptians said they lost track of their loved ones in the heat and the crowds. More than 1.83 million Muslims performed the Hajj in 2024, including more than 1.6 million from 22 countries, and around 222,000 Saudi citizens and residents, according to the Saudi Hajj authorities.

Most countries have not specified how many deaths were heat-related, but on Tuesday, a diplomat tried to downplay the scale of the event by claiming the death toll had been boosted by a large number of unregistered Egyptian pilgrims.

Temperatures soared to over 50C (Picture: AFP)
Temperatures soared to over 50C (Picture: AFP)
Mandatory Credit: Photo by APAImages/Shutterstock (14546618o) Muslim worshippers make their way to cast stones as part of a symbolic stoning of the devil ritual, during the Hajj pilgrimage in Mina, near Saudi Arabia's holy city of Mecca on June 18, 2023. Medhat Hajjaj \ apaimages Muslim worshippers make their way to cast stones as part of a symbolic stoning of the devil ritual, Mecca, Saudi Arabia - 18 Jun 2024
Saudi authorities have urged pilgrims to use umbrellas to shield themselves from the heat (Picture: Shutterstock)

Saudi Arabia has spent billions of dollars on crowd control and safety measures for those attending the annual five-day pilgrimage, but the sheer number of participants makes ensuring their safety difficult.

Climate change could make the risk even greater. A 2019 study by experts at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that even if the world succeeds in mitigating the worst effects of climate change, the Hajj would be held in temperatures exceeding an ‘extreme danger threshold’ from 2047 to 2052, and from 2079 to 2086.

A 2015 stampede in Mina during the hajj killed over 2,400 pilgrims, the deadliest incident to ever strike the pilgrimage, according to an AP count. Saudi Arabia has never acknowledged the full toll of the stampede. A separate crane collapse at Mecca’s Grand Mosque, which preceded the Mina disaster that same year, killed 111 people.

The second-deadliest incident at hajj was a 1990 stampede that killed 1,426 people.

The kingdom’s ruling Al Saud family maintains a major influence in the Muslim world through its oil wealth and management of Islam’s holiest sites.

Like Saudi monarchs before him, King Salman has taken the title of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques, referring to the Grand Mosque in Mecca, home to the cube-shaped Kaaba that Muslims pray towards five times a day, and the Prophet’s Mosque in the nearby city of Medina.

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