Nancy Thuo

Climate Action

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The Transformative Impact Of Organic Farming From Soil Degradation to Regeneration. Did you know that soil degradation affects over 180 million people in Sub-Saharan Africa, resulting in yearly losses of almost $68 billion? Soil degradation is one of the prevalent challenges farmers face in farming as I explained in my previous post. (refer back if you're yet read it). However, in Kitali, Kenya, an innovative method of organic fertilizer is helping local farmers improve their soil health. The local farmers now use compost manure created from raw materials such as rotten vegetables, fruit, and organic waste to increase soil fertility. This approach has proved to increase the crop yield of many farmers in the region as opposed to when they use synthetic fertilizer. That's what organic farming will do for you as a farmer. However, it should be noted that there are various organic farming methods, one of which is the use of organic fertilizers such as compost manure, green manure, and animal waste. Organic farming is considerably more sustainable in terms of food production compared to conventional farming, which requires the use of synthetic agricultural inputs such as artificial fertilizers, and pesticides and this tends to have negative impacts on our health when consumed. Not only that, organic farming has been discovered to have significant impacts on the overall ecosystem and global food security in terms of long-term sustainability. This makes it the best alternative method for agricultural regenerative practices. But What is Organic Farming? In simple terms, organic farming is basically planting of crops without the use of synthetic fertilizer or pesticides. So, let's dive into the methods of organic farming in combating soil degradation. Here are 3 methods of organic farming practices⤵️ 1. Cover Cropping: Planting cover crops such as cowpeas, clovers, oats, and legumes helps to improve soil health by providing the right amount of nitrogen required in the soil. This process also helps in conserving soil moisture, smothering weeds, and controlling pests and diseases. Most importantly it helps in improving soil health. Check the next post for the continuation. ~Smart Success #organicfarming #sustainableagriculturalpractices #soildegradation #agriculture

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Edumanom Rainforest Reserve - Threatened by Human Activities & Oil Corporations Bayelsa State has seven rainforests reserves, namely; Apoi Creek Forest Reserve, Bayelsa National Forest Reserve, Edumanom Rainforests Reserve, Egbedi Forest Reserve, Ikibiri Forest Reserve, Nun River Forest Reserve and Taylor Creek Forest Reserve. According to Azibaola Robert, Niger Delta lawyer and businessman, "there are some of these resources that are over exploited, there are some that have never been exploited before and we really need to balance nature." "If we don't balance nature in 20 or 30 years' time, maybe sometimes after we have gone our children will not be able to taste this kind of environment." 'Edumanom Rainforests Reserve' is one of the rainforest reserves situated in Nigeria's oil rich mangrove rainforests Niger Delta Region. It is a freshwater swamp forest that covers an area of 9,324 square kilometers and covers two local government areas in Bayelsa State, namely; Nembe and Ogbia Local Government Areas. "Sadly, an estimated 340,000 to 980,000 hectares of mangrove rainforests are lost or degraded annually due to activities of humans and corporation's activities such as crude oil and plastic pollution, unregulated harvesting, urbanisation, so-called land reclamation, dredging activities and the spread of the invasive Nipa Palm." These were part of the welcoming words of Nnimmo Bassey at Health of Mother Earth Foundation, HOMEF’s School of Ecology on “Shifting the Power Lines” In the year 2005 alone, about 11, 089, 000 hectares [27, 400, 000 acres] were destroyed in Nigeria. Between 1990 and 2000, the country lost some 409, 700 hectares of forest. The years between 1990 and 2005 saw Nigeria lose 35.7 percent of her forest strength which translates to 6, 145, 000 hectares. Nigeria is home to 285 mammals, 203 reptiles, 117 amphibians, 775 different fishes, and about 4, 715 species of higher plants. In Onuebum/Otuogori communities in Ogbia Local Government Area of Bayelsa State trucks are loaded with illegally felled mahogany timbers for markets in eastern part of Nigeria on daily basis. Iroko, mahogany, red and white afara, iron and cotton trees have been depleted by illegal loggers. The 'Edumanom RainForests Reserve' is also known as one of the last habitat areas for chimpanzees in Nigeria. 'Edumanom Forests Reserve' area has been degraded by; hunting, logging, oil exploration/production industry and threat from the expansion of oil palm plantations. This has now posed a threat to the local wildlife. The 'Edumanom RainForests Reserve' is a shelter for various endangered species, like Niger Delta red colobus, olive colobus, sclater monkeys and other animals. Coordinator of the Red Colobus Monkeys Conservation Network, Ms Florence Aghomo, a Cameroonian said that, "Nigeria is home to two of the world 18 Taxa red colobus monkeys species known to science, with one of them - the Niger Delta red colobus monkeys - found in Bayelsa State."

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Article No: 01 Agricultural Extension Services🍃 Agricultural extension services are the systems and organizations that provide information, training and advisory services to farmers and communities to increase productivity and enhance their livelihood. In agricultural dependent economies, extension programmes play a great role in disseminating the knowledge on new technology among farmers. By the extension services , we target to get an increased productivity, farm revenue, reduced poverty and minimized food insecurity. It is basically aimed at improving the knowledge of farmers for the rural development . The concept of agricultural extension dates back to the late 19th century when European countries began establishing agricultural advisory services to support farmers in adopting new farming techniques. And also through extension services problems of the farmers are identified for further investigation. It emerges as a crucial link connecting farmers with the latest advancements and technological solutions. AEAS or the Agricultural Extension and Advisory Services are also a very vital concept. AEAS has abilities to improve the accessibility, delivery , transparency , scope and impacts of the new technology for small scale farmers. ⭐Now Let's pay our attention on the roles of agricultural extension services. ⭕Dissemination of knowledge  ⭕Facilitating the knowledge of technology from research institutes to famers. ⭕Enhancing the skills and capabilities of farmers. ⭕Encouraging sustainable and eco friendly farming practices. ⭐ How can we do extension programmes?   ⭕Farm visits and demonstrations ⭕Workshops , training programmes and awareness programmes ⭕Various communication channels ⭕Collaboration with research institutions ⭐ What are the advantages of agricultural extension programmes? ⭕Increased agricultural productivity ⭕Empowered farming communities ⭕Adoption of modern farming techniques. ⭕Risk mitigation associated with crop diseases & etc. ⭕To improve the livelihood ⭐What are the Challenges related to agricultural extension programmes? ⭕Limited resources  ⭕Technological advancements  ⭕Some services are not easily accessible for all the farmers. Collaborative efforts among governments, research institutions, NGOs, and the private sector are essential to strengthen extension services and support the agricultural sector in meeting the challenges of the 21st century. Agricultural extension services are really helpful in economy to get a higher productivity. Article by : Ruwanthika Sandali             Sabaragamuwa University of Sri Lanka

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Farmers from elerai village, Kimana have petitioned the KAJIADO COUNTY ASSEMBLY on the following: 1. The high unregulated use of HHPs threatening human #health, creating agri imbalances and leading to #biodiversity loss. 2. The need for regulations to standardize issues related to tomato weights and measures. 3. Infrastructure development of the Kimana market. With the petition now received, we hope for a fair and judicious hearing. Farmers must continue to be actively engage in #policy decision that shape a sound agricultural development in the county. This helps develop #farmer informed policies that are grounded on actual practice and practical field situations and which ultimately prioritize benefits to the farmer.

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“About 995 tonnes of waste are generated in Harare daily, with 70 percent of this generated in residential areas and 30 percent coming from industrial and commercial activities.” Whenever I pitch, I get to hear why are you approaching households and not businesses. Though I understand the reasoning that approaching a B2B market is easier than a D2C, what people don't understand is that the problem is not in businesses, it's majorly in households. Waste management in households (across the globe) is unchecked, non-monitored, and immeasurable. Unless we tackle this in households, we cannot bring any significant improvement in global waste crisis.

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Sustainable Water Management: Securing Agriculture’s Future in a Changing Climate As climate change intensifies, water has become one of the most precious resources for African agriculture. With temperatures rising and rainfall becoming less predictable, #efficientwatermanagement is no longer just a good practice; it’s a #lifeline for the countless farmers working to protect their crops and livelihoods. Yet, Africa’s agricultural systems remain heavily #reliant on #rainfall, with only 6% of cultivated land under irrigation, compared to a global average of 14% (World Bank). To #secure #foodsecurity for future generations, water conservation must be at the heart of sustainable farming. Sustainable groundwater sourcing and borehole systems powered by #cleanenergy like #solar are making a significant difference as well. Across Ghana and other regions in Africa, solar-powered boreholes have become essential, tapping into groundwater resources to provide reliable irrigation even during dry seasons. This sustainable approach not only #conserves #water but also reduces the #carbonfootprint, as solar energy drives the pumping mechanisms. In communities using solar-powered groundwater systems, crop yields have increased by as much as 20% during dry spells (World Bank), proving that clean energy and smart water management can reshape agriculture and strengthen resilience to climate impacts. Another powerful tool is drip irrigation, a system that delivers water directly to plant roots, dramatically reducing evaporation and using up to 50% less water than traditional irrigation (FAO). Across Sub-Saharan Africa, farmers using drip irrigation have managed to double their yields on small plots, showing that efficiency can lead to both water savings and improved crop performance. In regions where every drop counts, this technique is helping to change the narrative for smallholder farmers who have long relied on inconsistent rains. #Emerging #technologies like soil moisture sensors and smart irrigation controllers are also proving to be #gamechangers in water management. While access to these tools remains limited in some rural areas, partnerships and training initiatives have empowered some farmers to adopt them, reducing water use by up to 30% (CGIAR). These innovative approaches maximise the effectiveness of each watering session, ensuring that crops receive just the right amount of hydration without waste. The #commitment to #sustainable #watermanagement isn’t just about #conservation—it’s about building #resilience, about ensuring that farmers have the tools and strategies they need to thrive in a climate-challenged world. Every #dropofwater saved strengthens the foundation of food security, not only for today but for generations to come. In a world where #waterscarcity is an ever-looming threat, every choice matters, and every drop truly counts. #TheAfricanFarmer #SustainableAgriculture #WaterManagement #ClimateChange #Environment #FoodSecurity

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Achieving sustainable development in Kenya in the face of climate change requires a comprehensive approach that incorporates both adaptive and mitigative measures. Adaptive strategies include promoting climate-smart agriculture, such as using drought-resistant crop varieties, adopting efficient irrigation methods, and diversifying income sources for farmers to reduce vulnerability. Additionally, enhancing water resource management through rainwater harvesting and improving infrastructure for water storage are critical. Mitigative measures involve reducing carbon emissions by increasing the use of renewable energy sources like solar and wind, reforestation, and forest conservation to enhance carbon sequestration. Community-based initiatives focusing on sustainable land management and protecting biodiversity are essential for preserving ecosystems. These combined efforts not only mitigate the impacts of climate change but also foster resilience and long-term sustainable development in Kenya. foteficc . #COP29Azerbaijan

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https://lnkd.in/dVcKpWiS 1. Average Daily Water Demand Formula: Average Daily Demand (ADD)=Population×Per Capita Water Usage\text{Average Daily Demand (ADD)} = \text{Population} \times \text{Per Capita Water Usage}Average Daily Demand (ADD)=Population×Per Capita Water Usage Population (P): Total number of people served by the system. Per Capita Water Usage (W): Average water consumption per person per day (typically in liters or gallons). Example Calculation: If a village has a population of 2,000 people and the average per capita water usage is 50 liters per person per day: ADD=2,000×50=100,000 liters/day\text{ADD} = 2,000 \times 50 = 100,000 \text{ liters/day}ADD=2,000×50=100,000 liters/day 2. Peak Daily Water Demand Formula: Peak Daily Demand (PDD)=ADD×Peak Factor\text{Peak Daily Demand (PDD)} = \text{ADD} \times \text{Peak Factor}Peak Daily Demand (PDD)=ADD×Peak Factor Peak Factor (PF): A multiplier used to account for variations in water usage during peak periods. Common values range from 1.5 to 3.0, depending on the location and water use patterns. Example Calculation: If the peak factor is 2.0: PDD=100,000×2.0=200,000 liters/day\text{PDD} = 100,000 \times 2.0 = 200,000 \text{ liters/day}PDD=100,000×2.0=200,000 liters/day 3. Peak Hourly Demand Formula: Peak Hourly Demand (PHD)=PDD÷Peak Hours\text{Peak Hourly Demand (PHD)} = \text{PDD} \div \text{Peak Hours}Peak Hourly Demand (PHD)=PDD÷Peak Hours Peak Hours (PH): Number of hours in the peak period (usually 1 hour or a set number of hours). Example Calculation: Assuming the peak demand period lasts 1 hour: PHD=200,000÷1=200,000 liters/hour\text{PHD} = 200,000 \div 1 = 200,000 \text{ liters/hour}PHD=200,000÷1=200,000 liters/hour 4. Future Growth Projections Formula: Future Population (F)=Current Population×(1+Growth Rate)n\text{Future Population (F)} = \text{Current Population} \times (1 + \text{Growth Rate})^nFuture Population (F)=Current Population×(1+Growth Rate)n Growth Rate (r): Annual growth rate (as a decimal). n: Number of years into the future. Example Calculation: If the growth rate is 2% per year and you want to project 10 years into the future: F=2,000×(1+0.02)10≈2,000×1.219=2,438 people\text{F} = 2,000 \times (1 + 0.02)^{10} \approx 2,000 \times 1.219 = 2,438 \text{ people}F=2,000×(1+0.02)10≈2,000×1.219=2,438 people You would then recalculate the average daily and peak demands based on this future population. 5. Adjustments for Seasonality In some regions, water demand can vary significantly between seasons. Adjustments might be needed to account for seasonal peaks, especially in areas with agricultural or tourism-based economies. Summary Average Daily Demand (ADD): Population × Per Capita Usage. Peak Daily Demand (PDD): ADD × Peak Factor. Peak Hourly Demand (PHD): PDD ÷ Peak Hours. Future Growth: Project future population and adjust demands accordingly. Agoti Dennis

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Economic Implications and Impairment on the SDGs It is very clear from the link of the report below, that the impact of natural disasters (flood) has crippled the agricultural sector, and indirectly impacted the economic growth. Despite being blessed with vast natural resources that could support agricultural productivity, the nation heavily depends on imports. Recently, a report by the Nation 2022 indicated that many inhabitants of the affected regions have migrated to the South, due to how the residents have been turned into beggars, and hectares of land has been submerged by floods. Additionally, the Food Basket of the Nation is empty. However, the southern region of the country is characterized by coastal and riverine ecosystems, making it highly prone and vulnerable to flooding. This is due to the Niger River Basin, which spans nine countries, including Nigeria, and flows from the Gulf of Guinea into the Lower Niger River Basin and into the entire Niger Delta, including the River Benue from the Lado Dam of Cameroon, before emptying into the Atlantic Ocean. Unfortunately, migration is not the solution. I think there is a lack of hydraulic infrastructures within the Lower Niger River Basin to mitigate the significant impact of natural disasters, as evidenced by the severe floods in Nigeria in 2012 and 2022. If this trend continues, 2032 could even be more devastating, as it appears to be becoming a decadal issue. To address these issues and enhance the economic growth, I think there is an urgent need for an extensive assessment of climate change, flood, and biodiversity loss of these regions. Most importantly, there is a need for hydraulic infrastructures, particularly along the drainage basin immediately after Lokoja, complemented by an ecosystem-based approach, and many more. #Wordbank #Climatechange #SDG #Agriculture #Economicgrowth #Biodiversityloss #Flood #Unitednations https://lnkd.in/d5MfJmQX

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River Nyamwamba in Uganda's Kasese District is dealing with severe and recurrent flooding issues, largely due to the impacts of climate change and human activities. The increased flooding has caused significant damage to local infrastructure and livelihoods. Deforestation and poor farming practices in the Rwenzori mountain region exacerbate the floods by loading to soil erosion and river siltation. Furthermore, the river is contaminated with toxic waste from the old Kilembe mines, which worsens the problem. The floodwaters spread these toxic materials over agricultural lands, posing health risks to the local population and impacting food safety. Current efforts to manage the river's flooding, such as de-silting, constructing gabions, and rechanneling the river, have not been sufficient. There are calls for more comprehensive and integrated water management strategies, including restoring natural vegetation, enforcing environmental laws, and enhancing community participation in conservation efforts. The Ugandan government, with support from international organizations like the World Bank, is working on long-term solutions such as installing flood forecasting systems and promoting sustainable livelihoods to mitigate the impacts of flooding and environmental degradation. Despite ongoing efforts to address these issues, the situation remains critical, requiring sustained and coordinated actions to ensure the safety and well-being of the communities living along River Nyamwamba.

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What happened to the plans of generating energy from Kiteezi? Is it a question of finances, expertise or government will? Listen to full episode 👉 https://lnkd.in/dyaYAgrM #Kiteezi UGANDA ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATIONISTS ORGANIZATION

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Beekeeping: A Nature-Based Solution for Livelihoods and Conservation Since 2018, the Sankandi Youth Development Association (SYDA) has been pioneering beekeeping as a sustainable livelihood initiative integrated with our mangrove conservation and restoration efforts. This nature-based solution not only provides vital income through honey and wax production but also plays a critical role in enhancing agricultural productivity and protecting our forests. Bees are essential pollinators in agriculture, contributing to the health and productivity of crops in surrounding communities. By establishing beehives near our mangrove forests, we ensure a steady supply of honey and wax, offering local communities an additional source of income. This initiative promotes economic resilience while fostering environmental stewardship. Furthermore, bees naturally deter illegal activities such as logging. The presence of beehives acts as a protective barrier for our mangrove forests, as the risk of bee stings discourages illegal loggers from encroaching on protected areas. This unique combination of conservation and livelihood development creates a win-win solution for both the environment and the local population. As part of our long-term vision, the beekeeping initiative is expected to expand to other communities within the Lower River Region and beyond. With support from our partners— The Association for Coastal Ecosystem Services and Dona Bertarelli Philanthropy ,—we are committed to scaling up this project, bringing tangible benefits to more communities while safeguarding critical ecosystems. Through beekeeping, we are not only helping to preserve The Gambia’s mangrove ecosystems but also empowering local communities with sustainable livelihoods that enhance food security and resilience. This initiative exemplifies how nature-based solutions can provide long-term environmental and economic benefits, ensuring that our efforts in conservation also uplift and empower the people who rely on these resources. Together, we are creating a future where communities thrive alongside flourishing ecosystems.

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Thank you, Million Belay, for this clear summary of the key issues at stake in the debate between the farmer-centered approach to sustainable #ecologicalagriculture of your Alliance for Food Sovereignty in Africa on the one hand, and that of the Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA), founded in 2006 with funding from the Gates and Rockefeller foundations, on the other. Critics of AGRA’s approach (see Seattle Times article below) argue that “it has promoted an industrial model of agriculture that poisons soils with chemicals and encourages farmers to go into debt by buying expensive seeds, fertilizers and pesticides”. While the causes of hunger on the continent are complex – including climate change, conflict and corruption, and rising costs of fertilizers and food imports with geopolitical instability, “the Green Revolution’s corporate-driven, technology-based strategy for rural uplift has proven unfit to help small-scale farmers cope with such challenges”.  https://lnkd.in/dyr8RDMz

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🇰🇪 Kenya: A Regional Leader in Combating Climate Change in Africa 🌍 Kenya stands at the forefront of climate action in Africa, showcasing unparalleled commitment and innovative strategies in addressing climate change. 🌱 Renewable Energy Initiatives: Kenya is a pioneer in renewable energy, with geothermal, wind, and solar power contributing significantly to its energy mix. The Olkaria Geothermal Plant is one of the largest in the world, exemplifying Kenya's investment in sustainable energy sources. 🚜 Sustainable Agriculture: Emphasizing climate-smart agriculture, Kenya is adopting practices that boost productivity while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Initiatives like agroforestry and conservation tillage are transforming the agricultural landscape. 🌳 Conservation Efforts: Kenya's dedication to protecting its rich biodiversity is evident through its robust conservation programs. The country has increased its forest cover and established numerous wildlife reserves, ensuring the preservation of its natural heritage. 🤝 International Partnerships: Kenya actively collaborates with international bodies and regional partners, driving collective climate action. Its leadership in the African Union and participation in global climate forums highlight its influential role in shaping sustainable policies. 🔬 Innovation and Research: Home to groundbreaking research and innovative technologies, Kenya's institutions and startups are developing solutions to mitigate climate impacts. From clean energy tech to sustainable water management, Kenya is leading the way. At Ecoville Clovers Consultancy, we celebrate Kenya's achievements and remain committed to supporting and enhancing these efforts. Together, we can build a resilient and sustainable future. #ClimateAction #Sustainability #Kenya #RenewableEnergy #Conservation #EcovilleClovers #EnvironmentalLeadership #GreenFuture #ClimateChange #EnvironmentalPolicy #GreenInnovation #CommunityAction #SustainableDevelopment #EcoFriendly #ClimateLeadership #AfricanSustainability #ClimateSolutions

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EPRA’s 10kW Solar Cap Sparks Debate in Kenya Kenya's energy regulator, Energy & Petroleum Regulatory Authority, has set a new rule for solar power. Here's what it means: -Only solar systems up to 10kW can sell extra power to the grid -Good for homes and small businesses -Might be tough for big companies wanting to use more solar power -Could make solar energy more expensive for some -Helps spread out power generation, but might slow down big solar projects Why it matters: ✍ Kenya wants more clean energy ✍This rule might affect how fast solar power grows ✍It could impact jobs and investment in solar energy What do you think? Is this good for Kenya's clean energy future? Read the full article here: https://lnkd.in/dQDXydrn #SolarEnergy #Kenya #CleanPower"

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Investment Opportunities in Chunya, Tanzania: A Goldmine of Potential By: Renold shimba Introduction: Chunya, nestled in the highlands of southern Tanzania, is gaining attention as a hotspot for investment. Known for its abundant mineral resources, particularly gold, the region offers a range of opportunities for investors willing to capitalize on its untapped potential. From large-scale mining operations to infrastructure development, Chunya stands as a beacon for growth in Tanzania’s economy. 1. Gold Mining: The Jewel of Chunya Chunya is home to extensive gold deposits, attracting both artisanal miners and large-scale operators. With proper funding and infrastructure, investors can establish profitable mining operations. The region’s rich mineral veins make it a lucrative area for exploration and extraction. • Why Invest in Gold Mining? • Proven gold reserves. • Rising global gold prices. • Government support for mining initiatives. Investor Insight: Mining in Chunya offers long-term returns, but due diligence is key. Secure permits and comply with local environmental regulations for smoother operations. 2. Infrastructure Development: Building the Future Mining in Chunya isn’t just about extracting gold. With the growth of the sector comes the need for supporting infrastructure. There are numerous opportunities to invest in: • Roads and Transportation: Mining companies rely on well-maintained roads to transport equipment and gold. Improved infrastructure will reduce costs and increase efficiency. • Energy Solutions: Mining requires substantial energy, creating opportunities for investment in renewable energy or traditional power sources. • Housing and Social Amenities: With the influx of workers, there’s an increasing demand for housing, medical facilities, and social amenities. 3. Supporting Industries: Service and Supply Chain Opportunities Mining operations in Chunya depend on a network of suppliers and service providers. Investors can take advantage of the growing need for: • Equipment and Machinery: The demand for modern, efficient mining equipment is rising. • Logistics and Transport Services: Safe, reliable transport is essential for moving materials in and out of mining sites. • Fuel and Lubricants: Mining machinery requires a steady supply of fuel and maintenance supplies. Tip for Investors: Establishing partnerships with local businesses can give you an edge in this rapidly growing industry. 4. Navigating the Regulatory Landscape Tanzania’s mining sector is governed by several regulations that investors must navigate. These include obtaining licenses, paying taxes, and adhering to environmental laws. Chunya’s investment-friendly policies make it easier for foreign and local investors to operate 5. Building Local Partnerships: A Key to Success For any investor looking to establish a presence in Chunya, building strong relationships with local communities, businesses, and government officials is essential.

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Undestanding convertional farming and its implications By Oliver K Bulaya Introduction We focus on growth, agricultural sustainability, farming as a business, facilitating market linkages, knowledge, and deepening the adoption of smart agriculture. Today's edition is intended to help farmers understand conventional farming in a practical sense before they can appreciate modern farming methods. It is important for them to appreciate the times we are in. The reason is simple - this time does not resonate well with conventional farming. We have seen the effects of climate change, such as prolonged dry spells as well as extreme flooding. What has been the experience of farmers? How is the yield of various crops and other raw materials? Why are farmers still in conventional farming despite losses? What do we do in such times like this one? The answer is simple: change the way of doing farming. This edition will lay a foundation for farmers to understand where we are coming from, where we are, and where we are going, as well as the need to change the farming methods. Dealing with misconceptions on conventional farming Some people think conventional farming is the use of machinery or mechanisation of the agricultural systems. Others think it is large-scale farming by the elite farmers and it is the only profitable way of farming in our times. Defining conventional farming Conventional farming is a tillage practice that involves continuous overall disturbance of the soil; the endless turning and churning of the soil. For those farmers with hoes or oxen, this involves making ridges or overall digging after the onset of the rains. It is ploughing either with a tractor or oxen. This is also referred to as traditional farming because it is a system embraced from our forefathers, that is production, ignoring environmental care. To be continued.. The author is an advocate, consultant and researcher in Conservation Agriculture. Send comments to the Agriculture Climate Action Foundation. Email: [email protected], [email protected] or WhatsApp: +260-956-261174, +260-770-810143.

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