Table of Contents 0. Foreword by Eoin Keary 1. Frontispiece 2. Introduction 2.1 The OWASP Testing Project 2.2 Principles of Testing 2.3 Testing Techniques Explained 2.4 Manual Inspections and Reviews 2.5 Threat Modeling 2.6 Source Code Review 2.7 Penetration Testing 2.8 The Need for a Balanced Approach 2.9 Deriving Security Test Requirements 2.10 Security Tests Integrated in Development and Testing Workflows 2.11 Security Test Data Analysis and Reporting 3. The OWASP Testing Framework 3.1 The Web Security Testing Framework 3.2 Phase 1 Before Development Begins 3.3 Phase 2 During Definition and Design 3.4 Phase 3 During Development 3.5 Phase 4 During Deployment 3.6 Phase 5 During Maintenance and Operations 3.7 A Typical SDLC Testing Workflow 3.8 Penetration Testing Methodologies 4. Web Application Security Testing 4.0 Introduction and Objectives 4.1 Information Gathering 4.1.1 Conduct Search Engine Discovery Reconnaissance for Information Leakage 4.1.2 Fingerprint Web Server 4.1.3 Review Webserver Metafiles for Information Leakage 4.1.4 Enumerate Applications on Webserver 4.1.5 Review Web Page Content for Information Leakage 4.1.6 Identify Application Entry Points 4.1.7 Map Execution Paths Through Application 4.1.8 Fingerprint Web Application Framework 4.1.9 Fingerprint Web Application 4.1.10 Map Application Architecture 4.2 Configuration and Deployment Management Testing 4.2.1 Test Network Infrastructure Configuration 4.2.2 Test Application Platform Configuration 4.2.3 Test File Extensions Handling for Sensitive Information 4.2.4 Review Old Backup and Unreferenced Files for Sensitive Information 4.2.5 Enumerate Infrastructure and Application Admin Interfaces 4.2.6 Test HTTP Methods 4.2.7 Test HTTP Strict Transport Security 4.2.8 Test RIA Cross Domain Policy 4.2.9 Test File Permission 4.2.10 Test for Subdomain Takeover 4.2.11 Test Cloud Storage 4.2.12 Test for Content Security Policy 4.2.13 Test for Path Confusion 4.3 Identity Management Testing 4.3.1 Test Role Definitions 4.3.2 Test User Registration Process 4.3.3 Test Account Provisioning Process 4.3.4 Testing for Account Enumeration and Guessable User Account 4.3.5 Testing for Weak or Unenforced Username Policy 4.4 Authentication Testing 4.4.1 Testing for Credentials Transported over an Encrypted Channel 4.4.2 Testing for Default Credentials 4.4.3 Testing for Weak Lock Out Mechanism 4.4.4 Testing for Bypassing Authentication Schema 4.4.5 Testing for Vulnerable Remember Password 4.4.6 Testing for Browser Cache Weaknesses 4.4.7 Testing for Weak Password Policy 4.4.8 Testing for Weak Security Question Answer 4.4.9 Testing for Weak Password Change or Reset Functionalities 4.4.10 Testing for Weaker Authentication in Alternative Channel 4.4.11 Testing Multi-Factor Authentication 4.5 Authorization Testing 4.5.1 Testing Directory Traversal File Include 4.5.2 Testing for Bypassing Authorization Schema 4.5.3 Testing for Privilege Escalation 4.5.4 Testing for Insecure Direct Object References 4.5.5 Testing for OAuth Weaknesses 4.5.5.1 Testing for OAuth Authorization Server Weaknesses 4.5.5.2 Testing for OAuth Client Weaknesses 4.6 Session Management Testing 4.6.1 Testing for Session Management Schema 4.6.2 Testing for Cookies Attributes 4.6.3 Testing for Session Fixation 4.6.4 Testing for Exposed Session Variables 4.6.5 Testing for Cross Site Request Forgery 4.6.6 Testing for Logout Functionality 4.6.7 Testing Session Timeout 4.6.8 Testing for Session Puzzling 4.6.9 Testing for Session Hijacking 4.6.10 Testing JSON Web Tokens 4.6.11 Testing for Concurrent Sessions 4.7 Input Validation Testing 4.7.1 Testing for Reflected Cross Site Scripting 4.7.2 Testing for Stored Cross Site Scripting 4.7.3 Testing for HTTP Verb Tampering 4.7.4 Testing for HTTP Parameter Pollution 4.7.5 Testing for SQL Injection 4.7.5.1 Testing for Oracle 4.7.5.2 Testing for MySQL 4.7.5.3 Testing for SQL Server 4.7.5.4 Testing PostgreSQL 4.7.5.5 Testing for MS Access 4.7.5.6 Testing for NoSQL Injection 4.7.5.7 Testing for ORM Injection 4.7.5.8 Testing for Client-side 4.7.6 Testing for LDAP Injection 4.7.7 Testing for XML Injection 4.7.8 Testing for SSI Injection 4.7.9 Testing for XPath Injection 4.7.10 Testing for IMAP SMTP Injection 4.7.11 Testing for Code Injection 4.7.11.1 Testing for File Inclusion 4.7.12 Testing for Command Injection 4.7.13 Testing for Format String Injection 4.7.14 Testing for Incubated Vulnerability 4.7.15 Testing for HTTP Splitting Smuggling 4.7.16 Testing for HTTP Incoming Requests 4.7.17 Testing for Host Header Injection 4.7.18 Testing for Server-side Template Injection 4.7.19 Testing for Server-Side Request Forgery 4.7.20 Testing for Mass Assignment 4.8 Testing for Error Handling 4.8.1 Testing for Improper Error Handling 4.8.2 Testing for Stack Traces 4.9 Testing for Weak Cryptography 4.9.1 Testing for Weak Transport Layer Security 4.9.2 Testing for Padding Oracle 4.9.3 Testing for Sensitive Information Sent via Unencrypted Channels 4.9.4 Testing for Weak Encryption 4.10 Business Logic Testing 4.10.0 Introduction to Business Logic 4.10.1 Test Business Logic Data Validation 4.10.2 Test Ability to Forge Requests 4.10.3 Test Integrity Checks 4.10.4 Test for Process Timing 4.10.5 Test Number of Times a Function Can Be Used Limits 4.10.6 Testing for the Circumvention of Work Flows 4.10.7 Test Defenses Against Application Misuse 4.10.8 Test Upload of Unexpected File Types 4.10.9 Test Upload of Malicious Files 4.10.10 Test Payment Functionality 4.11 Client-side Testing 4.11.1 Testing for DOM-Based Cross Site Scripting 4.11.1.1 Testing for Self DOM Based Cross-Site Scripting 4.11.2 Testing for JavaScript Execution 4.11.3 Testing for HTML Injection 4.11.4 Testing for Client-side URL Redirect 4.11.5 Testing for CSS Injection 4.11.6 Testing for Client-side Resource Manipulation 4.11.7 Testing Cross Origin Resource Sharing 4.11.8 Testing for Cross Site Flashing 4.11.9 Testing for Clickjacking 4.11.10 Testing WebSockets 4.11.11 Testing Web Messaging 4.11.12 Testing Browser Storage 4.11.13 Testing for Cross Site Script Inclusion 4.11.14 Testing for Reverse Tabnabbing 4.12 API Testing 4.12.0 API Testing Overview 4.12.1 API Reconnaissance 4.12.99 Testing GraphQL 5. Reporting 5.1 Reporting Structure 5.2 Naming Schemes Appendix A. Testing Tools Resource Appendix B. Suggested Reading Appendix C. Fuzzing Appendix D. Encoded Injection Appendix E. History Appendix F. Leveraging Dev Tools