楷

楷	U+6977, 楷 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6977

Translingual

Han character

楷 (Kangxi radical 75, 木+9, 13 strokes, cangjie input 木心心日 (DPPA), four-corner 4196₁, composition ⿰木皆)

Derived characters

𭬐

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 542, character 5
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 15185
Dae Jaweon: page 930, character 1
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1246, character 13
Unihan data for U+6977

Chinese

trad.		楷
simp. ^#		楷

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (皆) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
皆	*kriːl
偕	*kriːl
階	*kriːl
喈	*kriːl
稭	kriːl, kriːd
堦	*kriːl
楷	kriːl, kʰriːlʔ
鶛	*kriːl
湝	kriːl, ɡriːl
蝔	kriːl, ɡriːl
鍇	kriːl, kʰriːlʔ
揩	*kʰriːl
諧	*ɡriːl
瑎	*ɡriːl
龤	*ɡriːl

Pronunciation 1

Mandarin
(Pinyin): jiē, kǎi (jie¹, kai³)

(Zhuyin): ㄐㄧㄝ, ㄎㄞˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kaai² / gaai¹
Southern Min (Hokkien, POJ): khái

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese, Mainland)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: jiē
  - Zhuyin: ㄐㄧㄝ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: jie
  - Wade–Giles: chieh¹
  - Yale: jyē
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: jie
  - Palladius: цзе (cze)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡ɕi̯ɛ⁵⁵/
- (Standard Chinese, Taiwan)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai³
  - Yale: kǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
  - Palladius: кай (kaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kaai² / gaai¹
  - Yale: káai / gāai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kaai² / gaai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kai² / gai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaːi̯³⁵/, /kaːi̯⁵⁵/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khái
  - Tâi-lô: khái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qae
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴¹/

Middle Chinese: keaj, kheajX

Rime
Character	楷	楷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
Initial (聲)	見 (28)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open	Open
Division (等)	II	II
Fanqie	古諧切	苦駭切
Baxter	keaj	kheajX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kˠɛi/	/kʰˠɛi^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kᵚæi/	/kʰᵚæi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kɐi/	/kʰɐi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kəɨj/	/kʰəɨj^X/
Li Rong	/kɛi/	/kʰɛi^X/
Wang Li	/kɐi/	/kʰɐi^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kăi/	/kʰăi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	jiē	qiě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	gaai¹	haai²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kriːl/, /*kʰriːlʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	楷	楷
Reading #	1/2	2/2
No.	6421	6427
Phonetic component	皆	皆
Rime group	脂	脂
Rime subdivision	1	1
Corresponding MC rime	皆	楷
Old Chinese	/*kriːl/	/*kʰriːlʔ/

Definitions

楷

Chinese pistache (Pistacia chinensis)
Synonym: 黃連木 / 黄连木 (huángliánmù)
(obsolete, figurative) upright; staunch

Compounds

楷木

Pronunciation 2

Mandarin
(Pinyin): kǎi (kai³)

(Zhuyin): ㄎㄞˇ
Cantonese (Jyutping): kaai² / gaai¹
Northern Min (KCR): kǎi
Southern Min
(Hokkien, POJ): khái

(Teochew, Peng'im): kai²

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: kǎi
  - Zhuyin: ㄎㄞˇ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: kǎi
  - Wade–Giles: kʻai³
  - Yale: kǎi
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: kae
  - Palladius: кай (kaj)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaɪ̯²¹⁴/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kaai² / gaai¹
  - Yale: káai / gāai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kaai² / gaai¹
  - Guangdong Romanization: kai² / gai¹
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaːi̯³⁵/, /kaːi̯⁵⁵/
Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
  - Kienning Colloquial Romanized: kǎi
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai²¹/
Southern Min
- (Hokkien)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: khái
  - Tâi-lô: khái
  - Phofsit Daibuun: qae
  - IPA (Xiamen): /kʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /kʰai⁵⁵⁴/
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /kʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Taipei): /kʰai⁵³/
  - IPA (Kaohsiung): /kʰai⁴¹/
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: kai²
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: khái
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰai⁵²/

Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 楷
Mandarin	Beijing	/kʰai²¹⁴/
	Harbin	/kʰai²¹³/
	Tianjin	/kʰai¹³/
	Jinan	/kʰɛ⁵⁵/
	Qingdao	/kʰɛ⁵⁵/
	Zhengzhou	/kʰai⁵³/
	Xi'an	/kʰai⁵³/
	Xining	/kʰɛ⁵³/
	Yinchuan	/kʰɛ⁵³/
	Lanzhou	/kʰɛ⁴⁴²/
	Ürümqi	/kʰai⁵¹/
	Wuhan	/kʰai⁴²/
	Chengdu	/kʰai⁵³/
	Guiyang	/kʰai⁴²/
	Kunming	/kʰæ⁵³/
	Nanjing	/kʰae²¹²/ /t͡ɕʰiɛ²¹²/
	Hefei	/kʰe̞²⁴/
Jin	Taiyuan	/kʰai⁵³/
	Pingyao	/kʰæ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/kʰɛ⁵³/
Wu	Shanghai	/kʰa³⁵/
	Suzhou	/kʰɑ⁵¹/
	Hangzhou	/kʰe̞⁵³/ /t͡ɕʰie̞⁵³/
	Wenzhou	/kʰa³⁵/
Hui	Shexian	/kʰɛ³⁵/
Hui	Tunxi	/kʰa³¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/kʰai⁴¹/
Xiang	Xiangtan	/kʰai⁴²/
Gan	Nanchang	/kʰai²¹³/
Hakka	Meixian	/kʰoi³¹/
Hakka	Taoyuan
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/kʰai³⁵/
	Nanning	/kʰai³⁵/
	Hong Kong	/kai⁵⁵/ /kʰai³⁵/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/kʰai⁵³/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/kʰai³²/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/kʰai²¹/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/kʰai⁵³/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/xai³¹/ /kai²³/ 俗

Middle Chinese: kheajX

Rime
Character	楷
Reading #	2/2
Initial (聲)	溪 (29)
Final (韻)	皆 (33)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	II
Fanqie	苦駭切
Baxter	kheajX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/kʰˠɛi^X/
Pan Wuyun	/kʰᵚæi^X/
Shao Rongfen	/kʰɐi^X/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/kʰəɨj^X/
Li Rong	/kʰɛi^X/
Wang Li	/kʰɐi^X/
Bernhard Karlgren	/kʰăi^X/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	qiě
Expected Cantonese Reflex	haai²

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*kʰriːlʔ/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	楷
Reading #	2/2
No.	6427
Phonetic component	皆
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	楷
Old Chinese	/*kʰriːlʔ/

Definitions

楷

model; pattern
model style of Chinese writing
楷書／楷书 ― kǎishū ― regular script
a surname

Compounds

Pronunciation 3

Cantonese (Jyutping): kaai²

Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: kaai²
  - Yale: káai
  - Cantonese Pinyin: kaai²
  - Guangdong Romanization: kai²
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /kʰaːi̯³⁵/

Definitions

楷

(Cantonese) Classifier for slices of a fruit, especially of an orange, mandarin, tangerine, pomelo, etc.

Japanese

Kanji

楷

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

From Middle Chinese 楷 (MC keaj); compare Mandarin 楷 (jiē):

Go-on: け (ke)
Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)

From Middle Chinese 楷 (MC kheajX); compare Mandarin 楷 (kǎi):

Go-on: け (ke)
Kan-on: かい (kai, Jōyō)

From native Japanese roots:

Kun: かた (kata)、ただしい (tadashii)、のっとる (nottoru, 楷る)
Nanori: のり (nori)

Etymology

Kanji in this term
楷
かい Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 楷 (MC kheajX).

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) かい [káꜜì] (Atamadaka – [1])^[1]^[2]
IPA^(key): [ka̠i]

Affix

楷(かい) • (kai)

model; pattern
regular script: a style of Chinese characters that is square and straight-lined

Derived terms

楷書(かいしょ) (kaisho)

References

^ Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

Korean

Hanja

楷 • (hae) (hangeul 해, revised hae, McCune–Reischauer hae, Yale hay)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

楷: Hán Nôm readings: giai, khai

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[SMK7-1] Yamada, Tadao et al., editors (2011), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Seventh edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[DJR-2] Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[1]

[2]