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Appendix:Sinitic Swadesh lists

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary

This is a Swadesh list of Sinitic languages, specifically Mandarin, Cantonese, Hakka, Hokkien, Eastern Min, Wu and Xiang, compared with that of English. Sinitic languages are alternatively known as Chinese dialects.

Presentation

[edit]
For further information, including the full final version of the list, read the Wikipedia article: Swadesh list.

American linguist Morris Swadesh believed that languages changed at measurable rates and that these could be determined even for languages without written precursors. Using vocabulary lists, he sought to understand not only change over time but also the relationships of extant languages. To be able to compare languages from different cultures, he based his lists on meanings he presumed would be available in as many cultures as possible. He then used the fraction of agreeing cognates between any two related languages to compute their divergence time by some (still debated) algorithms. Starting in 1950 with 165 meanings, his list grew to 215 in 1952, which was so expansive that many languages lacked native vocabulary for some terms. Subsequently, it was reduced to 207, and reduced much further to 100 meanings in 1955. A reformulated list was published posthumously in 1971.

Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
1-91 92-146 147-207

List

[edit]

The following varieties that are referenced are listed below. Please refer to their respective pages for more information.

EnglishMandarin
普通話 / 普通话 (pǔtōnghuà)
edit (207)
Mandarin
四川話 / 四川话 (Sìchuānhuà)
edit (207)
Mandarin
南京話 / 南京话 (Nánjīnghuà)
edit (207)
Cantonese
廣州話 / 广州话 (gwong2 zau1 waa6-2)
edit (207)
Hakka
粵台客家話 / 粤台客家话
edit (207)
Hokkien
閩南語 / 闽南语
edit (207)
Eastern Min
閩東語 / 闽东语 (mìng-dĕ̤ng-ngṳ̄)
edit (207)
Wu
上海閒話 / 上海闲话
edit (207)
Wu
蘇州閒話 / 苏州闲话
edit (207)
Xiang
長沙話 / 长沙话
edit (207)
1I (1sg) () (ngo3) (o3) (ngo5)𠊎 (ngài) (góa) (nguāi) (ngu6) (ngou6), (nou6)* (ngo3)
2you (2sg) ()*, (nín)* (nyi3) (li3) (nei5) (ngì) () (nṳ̄) / (non6) (ne6) (nyi3)
3he, she, it (3sg) (), (), () (ta1) (ta1) (keoi5) () (i) (ĭ) (yi6) (ne6), 唔倷 (n1 ne6), 俚倷 (li1 ne6) (ta1)
4we (1pl)我們 / 我们 (wǒmen)我們 / 我们 (ngo3 men2-1)我們 / 我们 (o3 men2)我哋 (ngo5 dei6)𠊎等 (ngài-tén) (gún)*, (lán)*我各儂 / 我各侬 (nguāi gáuk→gó̤k-nè̤ng)阿拉 (aq7 laq8/la6), 我伲 (ngu6 gni6)*, (gni6)* (gni6), 我伲 (ngou6 gni6)*我們 / 我们 (ngo3 men)
5you (2pl)你們 / 你们 (nǐmen)*, (nín)*你們 / 你们 (nyi3 men2-1)你們 / 你们 (li3 men2)你哋 (nei5 dei6)汝等 (ngì-tén) (lín)汝各儂 / 汝各侬 (nṳ̄ gáuk→gó̤k-nè̤ng) (na6)俉篤 / 俉笃 (n6 toq7)你們 / 你们 (nyi3 men)
6they (3pl)他們 / 他们 (tāmen)他們 / 他们 (ta1 men2-1)他們 / 他们 (ta1 men2)佢哋 (keoi5 dei6)佢等 (kì-tén)𪜶 (in)伊各儂 / 伊各侬 (ĭ gáuk→gó̤k-nè̤)伊拉 (yi6 la6/laq8)俚篤 / 俚笃 (li1 toq7), 唔篤 / 唔笃 (n1 toq7)他們 / 他们 (ta1 men)
7this / (zhè, zhèi), 這個 / 这个 (zhège, zhèige)這個 / 这个 (ze4 go4)這個 / 这个 (zhe4 go4) (ni1), (ji1) / (liá) / (che), 即個 / 即个 (chit-ê) / 𪢕 (cuòi), 茲隻 / 兹只 (geq8)*, (diq8)* (e1),  / (ke1), (geq8)咯個 / 咯个
8that (nà, nèi), 那個 / 那个 (nàge, nèige)那個 / 那个 (na4 go4)那個 / 那个 (la4 go4) (go2) / (kâi) / (he), 彼個 / 彼个 (hit-ê) / (huòi), 許隻 / 许只 (hī-ciáh→ciéh) (e1), (i1) / (ue1),  / (kue1), (geq8)那個 / 那个
9here這裡 / 这里 (zhèli), 這兒 / 这儿 (zhèr)*這點兒 / 这点儿 (ze4 dianr3)這塊 / 这块 (zhe4 kuä4)呢度 (ni1 dou6), 依度 (ji1 dou6)這兜 / 这兜 (liá-têu), (chia)嚽塊 / 𪢕块 (cŭ-uái), 嚽所 / 𪢕所搿墶 / 搿垯 (geq8 taq7), 此地 (tshy1 di6)哀墶 / 哀垯 (e1 taeq7), 該墶 / 该垯 (ke1 taeq7), 搿墶 / 搿垯 (geq8 taeq7)咯裏 / 咯里 (go6 li), 咯塊子 / 咯块子
10there那裡 / 那里 (nàli), 那兒 / 那儿 (nàr)那點兒 / 那点儿 (na4 dianr3)那塊 / 那块 (la4 kuä4)嗰度 (go2 dou6)該兜 / 该兜 (kâi-têu) / , (hia)夫塊 / 夫块, 夫所埃面墶 / 埃面垯 (e1 mi6 taq7), 伊面墶 / 伊面垯 (i1 mi6 taq7)彎墶 / 弯垯 (ue1 taeq7), 歸墶 / 归垯 (kue1 taeq7), 搿墶 / 搿垯 (geq8 taeq7)那裡 / 那里 (la4 li), 那塊子 / 那块子
11who / (shéi, shúi)誰個 / 谁个 (sui2 go4)哪個 / 哪个 (la3 go4)邊個 / 边个 (bin1 go3), 乜誰 / 乜谁 (mat1 seoi4-2)麼人 / 么人 (má-ngìn), 何人 (hò-ngìn), 麼儕 / 么侪 (má-sà)啥人 (siáⁿ-lâng), (siáng)*底儂 / 底侬 (diē→dié-nè̤ng, dē̤→dé̤-nè̤ng)啥人 (sa5 gnin6)啥人 (sa5 gnin6)哪個 / 哪个, 何至個 / 何至个 (o2 zhr4 go4)*
12what什麼 / 什么 (shénme), 哪個 / 哪个 (nǎge)*啥子 (sa4 zi3)什麼 / 什么 (shen2 mo3) (mat1), 乜嘢 (mat1 je5), (me1)麼个 (má-ke)啥物 (siáⁿ-mih), 甚麼 / 甚么 (sīm-mi̍h), 佗一個 / 佗一个, 叨一個 / 叨一个 (tó-chi̍t-ê)*什乇 (sié-nó̤h, siéh-nó̤h) (sa5), 啥物事 (sa5 meq8 zy6) (sa5), 啥個 / 啥个 (sa5 keq7), 啥物事 (sa5 meq8 sy6)麼子 / 么子 (mo3 zr), 麼傢伙 / 么家伙
13where哪裡 / 哪里 (nǎli), 哪兒 / 哪儿 (nǎr)*那跟前 (na3 gen1 qian2), 哪下兒 / 哪下儿 (na3 har2)哪裏 / 哪里 (la3 li3), 哪塊 / 哪块 (la3 kuä4)邊度 / 边度 (bin1 dou6),  / (bin1) ()佗位, 叨位 (tó-ūi)底所 (diē-nē̤, dē̤-nē̤)啥地方 (sa5 di6 faon1), 嚡裏 / 嚡里 (gha6 li6), 嚡裏墶 / 嚡里垯 (gha6 li6 taq7)啥場化 / 啥场化 (sa5 zan2 ho5), 哪墶 / 哪垯 (no6/lo6 taeq7)哪裏 / 哪里 (la3 li), 哪塊子 / 哪块子 (la3 kuai3 zr), 何至 (o2 zhr4)*
14when什麼時候 / 什么时候 (shénmē shíhòu)哪陣 / 哪阵 (na3 zen4)多咱 (do1 zang3), 什麼時候 / 什么时候 (shen2 mo3 shr2 hou4), 幾時 / 几时 (ji1 shr2)幾時 / 几时 (gei2 si4)哪時 / 哪时 (nâ-sṳ̀)甚麼時陣 / 甚么时阵 (sīm-mi̍h-sî-chūn)*, 當時 / 当时 (tang-sî)什乇辰候啥辰光 (sa5 zen6 kuaon1), 幾時 / 几时 (ci5 zy6)啥辰光 (sa5 zen2 kuaon5)麼子時候 / 么子时候 (mo3 zr shr2 hou)
15how如何 (rúhé)*, 怎麼 / 怎么 (zěnme)*, 怎樣 / 怎样 (zěnyàng)*啷個 / 啷个 (nang3 go4)怎麼 / 怎么 (zen3 mo3)點樣 / 点样 (dim2 joeng2),  / (dim2)仰般 (ngióng-pân)如何 (jû-hô)*, 按怎 (án-chóaⁿ)*, 怎樣 / 怎样 (chóanⁿ-iūⁿ)* / (ciōng)哪能 (na6 nen6)捺亨 (8naeq-han1), 納哼 / 纳哼 (naeq8 han1),  / (nan6)何是
16not ()*,  / (bié)*,  / (méi)* (bu2) (bu5) (m4), (mou5) () (put)*, ()*, , 𣍐 / 𫧃 ()*, , , 勿愛 / 勿爱 (mài)*,  / () (îng), 伓是 (îng-sê) (veq8) (feq7) (bu6)
17all全部 (quánbù)*, (zhěng)*, 所有 (suǒyǒu)*, (dōu)*, 一共 (yīgòng)*全部 (quan2 bu4)全部 (cüän2 bu4)全部 (cyun4 bou6), (dou1), 冚唪唥 (ham6 baang6 laang6)所有 (só-yû)全部 (chôan-pō͘),  / ,  / (kui), 所有 (só͘-ū)*,  / (lóng)*, 攏總 / 拢总 (lóng-chóng)*全部 (ciòng-buô), 所有 (sū-iū), 一切全部 (zhi6 bu6),  / (ze6)一搨括子 / 一拓括子 (iq7 thaeq7 kuaeq7 tsy3), 全部 (zi2 bu6),  / (ze2) (dou1), (han2)
18many (duō) (do1) (do1) (do1) () / , 多支 (chōe) (cá̤)交關 / 交关 (ciau1 kue1), (tu1)交關 / 交关 (ciau1 kue1), (tou1) (do1)
19some一些 (yīxiē), 幾個 / 几个 (jǐge) (xi1)幾個 / 几个 (ji1 go4) (di1) (têu)一寡 (chi̍t-kóa), 幾若個 / 几若个 (kúi-nā-ê)仂囝 (nék→ník-giāng)一點 / 一点 (iq7 ti5)一點 / 一点 (iq7 tie3), 一星 (iq7 sin1)一些
20few (shǎo) (sao4) (shao3) (siu2) (séu) (chió) (ciēu) (sau5) (sau3)
21other其他 (qítā), 別的 / 别的 (biéde)[[#Mandarin|]]旁的 (pang2 di5), 別的 / 别的 (bie5 di5)其他 (kei4 taa1), 第二啲 (dai6 ji6 di1), 第啲 (dai6 di1)其他 (khì-thâ)其他 (kî-thaⁿ), 別的 / 别的 (pa̍t-ê)其他 (gì-tă)其他 (ji6 tha1), 別個 / 别个 (biq8 gheq8)其他 (ji2 tha1), 別個 / 别个 (beq8 keq7)別的 / 别的
22one () (yi2) (i5) (jat1) (yit) (it, chi̍t) (siŏh), (ék) (iq7) (iq7) (i6)
23two (èr)*,  / (liǎng)* (er4),  / (niang3) (er4) (ji6),  / (loeng5) (ngi),  / (lióng) / (nn̄g), () / (lâng), () / (lian6), (gni6) / (lian6), (gni6) (e5),  / (lian3)
24three (sān) (san1) (sang1) (saam1) (sâm) (saⁿ) (săng) (se1) (se1) (san1)
25four () (si4) (sy4) (sei3) (si) () () (sy5) (sy5) (sr4)
26five () (wu3) (u3) (ng5) (ńg) (ngō) (ngô) (ng6) (ng6) (u3)
27big () (da4) (da4) (daai6) (thai) (tōa) (duâi) (du6) (dou6)
28long / (cháng) / (cang2) / (chang2) / (coeng4) / (chhòng) / (tn̂g) / (dòng) / (zan6) / (zan6) / (zhan2)
29wide / (kuān) / (kuan1) / (kuang1) / (fut3) / (khôn) / (khoah) / (kuăng) / (khuoe1),  / (khueq7) / (khueq7) /
30thick (hòu) (hou4) (hou4) (hau5) (heu) (kāu) (gâu) (gheu6) (gheu6)
31heavy (zhòng) (zong4) (zhong4) (cung5) (chûng) (tāng) (dâe̤ng) (zon6) (zon2)
32small (xiǎo) (xiao3) (siao3) / (sai3) (séu) / (sòe) (nâung) (shiau5) (siau3) / , (siau3)
33short (duǎn) (duan3) (duang3) (dyun2) (tón) () (dōi) (toe5)*, (a5)* (toe3)*, (a3)* (donn3)
34narrow (zhǎi) (ze2) (zä5) (zaak3) (chak) (o̍eh) (cáh) / (ghaq8) / (ghaq8)
35thin (báo) (bo2) (bo5), 𣻏 (xao1) (bok6) (pho̍k), (chheu) (po̍h) (bŏk) (boq8) (boq8)
36woman女人 (nǚrén)女的 (nyü3 ni1), 女人 (nyü3 ren2), 女人家 (nyü3 ren2 jia1)女的 (lü3 di5), 女人 (lü3 ren2)女人 (neoi5 jan4-2)細妹人 / 细妹人 (se-moi-ngìn), 妹仔人 (moi-é-ngìn), (ńg), 婦女 / 妇女 (fu-ńg)女人 (lú-jîn)*, 查某 (cha-bó͘)*女界 (nṳ̄-gái)女人 (gniu6 gnin6)女人 (gniu6 gnin2)女人, 女的 (nyy3 di)
37man (adult male)男人 (nánrén)男的 (nan2 ni1), 男人 (nan2 ren2), 男人家 (nan2 ren2 jia1)男的 (lang2 di5), 男人 (lang2 ren2)男人 (naam4 jan4-2)細倈人 / 细俫人 (se-lai-ngìn), 男仔人 (nàm-é-ngìn), (nàm), 男子 (nàm-chṳ́)男人 (lâm-jîn)*, 查埔 (cha-po͘)*男界 (nàng-gái)男人 (noe6 gnin6)男人 (noe2 gnin2)男人, 男的
38man (human being) (rén) (ren2) (ren2) (jan4) (ngìn),  / (lâng) / (nè̤ng) (gnin6) (gnin2) (ren2)
39child孩子 (háizi), 兒童 / 儿童 (értóng), 小孩 (xiǎohái)小娃兒 / 小娃儿 (xiao3 wa2 er2-1)小娃兒 / 小娃儿 (siao3 ua1 er2)細路 / 细路 (sai3 lou6), 細路仔 / 细路仔 (sai3 lou6 zai2)細人仔 / 细人仔 (se-ngìn-é)囝仔, 囡仔 (gín-á)*, 兒童 / 儿童 (jî-tông)*伲囝 (niê-giāng)小人 (shiau5 gnin6), 小囡 (shiau5 noe6)小干兒 (siau3 koe1 ng6), 小囡 (siau3 noe1)細伢人 / 细伢人, 細人子 / 细人子 (si4 ren2 zr)
40wife妻子 (qīzi), 老婆 (lǎopó)*女的 (nyü3 ni1), 女人 (nyü3 ren2), 婆娘 (po2 nyiang1)家裏 / 家里 (ja1 li3), 老婆 (lao3 po2), 內人 / 内人 (luei4 ren2)老婆 (lou5 po4)餔娘 / 𫗦娘 (bû-ngiòng), 太太 (thai-thai) (bó͘)老媽 / 老妈 (lâu-mā)老婆 (lau6 bu6), 家主婆 (ka1 tsy5 bu6), 妻子 (chi1 tsy5)*家小 (ka1 siau3), 家主婆 (ka1 tsyu3 bu2)堂客 (dan2 ke6)
41husband丈夫 (zhàngfu), 老公 (lǎogōng)*男的 (nan2 ni1), 男人 (nan2 ren2)當家的 / 当家的 (dang1 ja1 di5), 男人 (lang2 ren2), 丈夫 (zhang4 fu1)老公 (lou5 gung1)丈夫 (chhông-fû), 老公 (ló-kûng) (ang)唐餔 / 唐𫗦 (dòng-buŏ)老公 (lau6 kon1), 丈夫 (zan6 fu1)*男人 (noe2 gnin2)*, 男客 (noe2 khaq7)*, 家公 (ka1 kon1)*男人, 老倌
42mother母親 / 母亲 (mǔqīn), 媽媽 / 妈妈 (māma)*媽媽 / 妈妈 (ma1 ma1),  / (ma1) / (ma1)阿媽 / 阿妈 (aa3 maa1), 老母 (lou5 mou5-2)*阿姆 (â-mê)母親 / 母亲 (bú-chhin)*, 老母 (lāu-bú), 媽媽 / 妈妈 (ma-ma), 阿母 (a-bú)娘奶 (nòng-nā̤)媽媽 / 妈妈 (ma1 ma1), 姆媽 / 姆妈 (m1 ma1), (gnian6)*, 母親 / 母亲 (mu1 chin1)*媽媽 / 妈妈 (ma1 ma1), 姆媽 / 姆妈 (m1 ma1), (gnian2)*, 母親 / 母亲 (mo1 tshin1)*媽媽 / 妈妈 (ma1 ma), 姆媽 / 姆妈 (m1 ma1), (nyian2)*
43father父親 / 父亲 (fùqīn)*, 爸爸 (bàba)*爸爸 (ba2 ba2-1), 老漢兒 / 老汉儿 (nao3 hanr2) (die1)阿爸 (aa3 baa4), 老豆 (lou5 dau6)*阿爸 (â-pâ)父親 / 父亲 (hū-chhin)*, 老爸 (lāu-pē), 爸爸 (pa-pa), 阿爸 (a-pa)郎爸爸爸 (pa1 pa1), (tia1),  / (ya6)*, 父親 / 父亲 (vu6 chin1)*爸爸 (pa1 pa1), 爹爹 (tia1 tia1),  / (ya2)*, 父親 / 父亲 (vu6 tshin1)*爹爹, 爺爺 / 爷爷, 爺老倌 / 爷老倌 (ia2 lau3 gonn1)*, 爺老子 / 爷老子 (ia2 lau3 zr)*
44animal動物 / 动物 (dòngwù)動物 / 动物 (dong4 wu2)動物 / 动物 (dong4 u5)動物 / 动物 (dung6 mat6)動物 / 动物 (thung-vu̍t)動物 / 动物 (tōng-bu̍t)動物 / 动物 (dông-ŭk)動物 / 动物 (don6 veq8)動物 / 动物 (don6 veq8)動物 / 动物
45fish / () / (yu2), 擺尾子 / 摆尾子 (bai3 wei3 zi3-2) / (ü2) / (jyu4-2)魚仔 / 鱼仔 (ǹg-é) / () / (ngṳ̀) / (ng6) / (ng6) / (y2)
46bird / (niǎo)雀雀 (qüo2 qüo2-1) / (liao3) (zoek3-2), 雀仔 (zoek3 zai2)鳥仔 / 鸟仔 (tiâu-é) / (chiáu), 鳥仔 / 鸟仔 (chiáu-á)鳥囝 / 鸟囝 / (gniau5/tiau5 (obsolete)) / (tiau3) /
47dog (gǒu) (gou3) (gou3) (gau2)狗仔 (kiéu-é) (káu), 狗仔 (káu-á)犬囝 (kēng-giāng) (keu5) (keu3) (gou3)
48louse (shī)蝨子 / 虱子 (se2 zi3)蝨子 / 虱子 (sä5 zy3) / (sat1) / (set) (sat), 虱母 (sat-bú)蝨母 / 虱母 (sáik-mō̤)老白蝨 / 老白虱 (lau6 baq8 seq7)白蝨 / 白虱 (baq8 seq7)虱婆
49snake (shé) (se2)蛇兒 / 蛇儿 (she2 er2) (se4) () (chôa)老蛇 (lâu-siè) (zo6) (zo2)
50worm / (chóng)*, 蠕蟲 / 蠕虫 (rúchóng)*, 蚯蚓 (qiūyǐn)* / (cong2) / (chong2) / (cung4)蟲仔 / 虫仔 (chhùng-é), 昆蟲 / 昆虫 (khûn-chhùng) / (thâng), 土蚓 (tō͘-ún/tō͘-kún)*蟲囝 / 虫囝 (tè̤ng-giāng) / (zon6) / (zon2) / (zhong2)
51tree / (shù)樹子 / 树子 (su4 zi3) / (shu4) / (syu6) / (su) / (chhiū), 樹仔 / 树仔 (chhiū-á) / (chéu) / (zy6) / (zyu6) /
52forest森林 (sēnlín)樹林子 / 树林子 (su4 nin2 zi3)樹林子 / 树林子 (shu4 lin2 zy3)森林 (sam1 lam4)森林 (sêm-lìm)森林 (sim-lîm), 樹林 / 树林 (chhiū-nâ)森林 (sĕng-lìng)森林 (sen1 lin6)森林 (sen1 lin2)樹林 / 树林
53stick樹枝 / 树枝 (shùzhī)*, 枝條 / 枝条 (zhītiáo)*, 枝子 (zhīzi)*樹枝枝 / 树枝枝 (su4 zi1 zi1)樹枝 / 树枝 (shu4 zhr1)樹枝 / 树枝 (syu6 zi1)*, (gwan3)樹椏 / 树桠 (su-â)樹枝 / 树枝 (chhiū-ki)*, 枝仔 (ki-á)*樹椏 / 树桠棒頭 / 棒头 (baon6 deu6)棒頭 / 棒头 (baon6 deu2)樹椏子 / 树桠子
54fruit水果 (shǔiguǒ)水果 (sui3 go3)水果 (shuei3 go3)生果 (saang1 gwo2)果子 (kó-chṳ́)水果 (chúi-kó), 果子 (kóe-chí)果實 / 果实水果 (sy5 ku5)水果 (syu3 kou3)水果 (xyei3 go3)
55seed種子 / 种子 (zhǒngzi)[[#Mandarin|]]種子 / 种子 (zhong3 zy3)種子 / 种子 (zung2 zi2) / (chúng)種子 / 种子 (chéng-chí)子子 (cī-*cī) (tsy5), 種子 / 种子 (tson5 tsy5) (tsy3), 種子 / 种子 (tson3 tsy3)[[#Xiang|]]
56leaf / (), 葉子 / 叶子 (yèzi)樹子葉葉 / 树子叶叶 (su4 zi3 ye2 ye2-1)樹葉兒 / 树叶儿 (shu4 ie5 er2) / (jip6)葉仔 / 叶仔 (ya̍p-é) / (hio̍h), 葉仔 / 叶仔 (hio̍h-á)箬箬 (niŏh-niŏh)葉子 / 叶子 (yiq8 tsy5)葉子 / 叶子 (yiq8 tsy3)樹葉子 / 树叶子 (xy5 ye6 zr)
57root (gēn)根根 (gen1 gen1)樹根 / 树根 (shu4 gen1) (gan1) (kîn) (kun)根根 (ken1) (ken1)樹根 / 树根
58bark (of a tree)樹皮 / 树皮 (shùpí)樹皮 / 树皮 (su4 pi2)樹皮 / 树皮 (shu4 pi2)樹皮 / 树皮 (syu6 pei4)樹皮 / 树皮 (su-phì)樹皮 / 树皮 (chhiū-phê)樹皮 / 树皮樹皮 / 树皮 (zy6 bi6)樹皮 / 树皮 (zyu6 bi2)樹皮 / 树皮
59flower (huā)花花兒 / 花花儿 (hua1 huar1) (hua1) (faa1) () (hoe) (huă) (ho1) (ho1) (fa1)
60grass (cǎo) (cao3) (cao3) (cou2) (chhó) (chháu) (chāu) (tshau5) (tshau3) (cau3)
61rope / (shéng), 繩子 / 绳子 (shéngzi)索索 (so2 so2)繩子 / 绳子 (shen2 zy3) / (sing4-2)索仔 (sok-é) (soh), 索仔 (soh-á) (só̤h)繩子 / 绳子 (zen6 tsy5) / (zen2)繩子 / 绳子, 索子 (so6 zr)
62skin (), 皮膚 / 皮肤 (pífū)皮皮 (pi2 pi2-1)皮膚 / 皮肤 (pi2 fu1) (pei4)皮膚 / 皮肤 (phì-fû) (phê), 皮膚 / 皮肤 (phê-hu)皮膚 / 皮肤 (puòi-hŭ)皮膚 / 皮肤 (bi6 fu1)皮膚 / 皮肤 (bi2 fu1)皮膚 / 皮肤
63meat (ròu) (rou4) (rou4) (juk6) (ngiuk) (bah) (nṳ̆k) (gnioq8) (gnioq8) (rou6)
64blood (xiě, xuè, xuě), 血液 (xiěyè, xuèyè, xuěyè) (xue2) (xüe5) (hyut3) (hiet) (huih), 血液 (hiat-e̍k) (háik) (shiuq7/shioq7) (shiuq7) (xie6)
65bone (), 骨頭 / 骨头 (gǔtóu)骨頭 / 骨头 (gu2 tou2-1)骨頭 / 骨头 (gu5 tou2) (gwat1) (kut), 骨頭 / 骨头 (kut-thèu) (kut), 骨頭 / 骨头 (kut-thâu)骨骨 (gáuk-gáuk)骨頭 / 骨头 (kueq7 deu6)骨頭 / 骨头 (kueq7 deu2)骨頭 / 骨头 (gu6 tou)
66fat (noun)脂肪 (zhīfáng)[[#Mandarin|]]脂肪 (zhr1 fang1)脂肪 (zi1 fong1)脂肪 (chṳ̂-fòng)脂肪 (chi-hông)*, 膩瓤 / 腻瓤 (jī-nn̂g)*脂肪 (ciĕ-huòng)脂肪 (tsy1 faon1)脂肪 (tsy1 faon5)[[#Xiang|]]
67egg (dàn), 鷄蛋 / 鸡蛋 (jīdàn)* (dan4) (dang4) (daan6-2) (lón) (nn̄g), 雞卵 / 鸡卵 (koe-nn̄g)* (lâung) (de6) (de6) (dan5)
68horn (jiǎo) (juo2) (go5) (gok3) (kok) (kak)角角 (gáe̤k-gáe̤k) (koq7) (koq7)
69tail (wěi), 尾巴 (wěibā)尾巴兒 / 尾巴儿 (wei3 bar1)尾巴 (uei3 ba1) (mei5) () (), 尾溜 (bé-liu)尾尾 (muōi-muōi)尾巴 (gni6/mi6 po5)尾巴 (gni6 po1)尾巴 (uei3 ba1)
70feather羽毛 (yǔmáo)[[#Mandarin|]]羽毛 (ü3 mao2)羽毛 (jyu5 mou4)羽毛 (yí-mô)鳥毛 / 鸟毛 (chiáu-mn̂g)羽毛 (ṳ̄-mò̤)羽毛 (yu6 mau6)羽毛 (iu1 mau2)羽毛 (y3 mau2)
71hair頭髮 / 头发 (tóufa)頭髮 / 头发 (tou2 fa2-1)頭髮 / 头发 (tou2 fa5)頭髮 / 头发 (tau4 faat3)*, (mou4)頭那毛 / 头那毛 (theù-nà-mô)*頭毛 / 头毛 (thâu-mn̄g)頭髮 / 头发 (tàu-huók)頭髮 / 头发 (deu6 faq7)*, (mau6)*頭髮 / 头发 (deu2 faeq7)*, (mau2)*頭髮 / 头发 (tou2 fa6)
72head / (tóu)腦殼 / 脑壳 (nao3 ko2)頭兒 / 头儿 (tou2 er2) / (tau4)頭那 / 头那 (theù-nà) / (thâu)*, 頭殼 / 头壳 (thâu-khak) / (tàu) / (deu6) / (deu2)腦殼 / 脑壳 (lau3 ko6)
73ear耳朵 (ěrduo)耳朵 (er3 do1)耳朵 (er3 do3)耳仔 (ji5 zai2), (ji5)耳公 (ngí-kûng) (hīⁿ), 耳仔 (hīⁿ-á), 耳孔 (hīⁿ-khang) (ngê)耳朵 (gni6 tu5)耳朵 (gni6 tou3)耳朵 (e3 do)
74eye眼睛 (yǎnjing)眼睛 (yan3 jin1)眼睛 (iän3 zin1) (ngaan5)目珠 (muk-chû)目睭 (ba̍k-chiu)目睭 (mĕk-ciŭ)眼睛 (nge6 cin1)眼睛 (nge2 tsin1)眼睛
75nose (), 鼻子 (bízi)鼻子 (bi2 zi3)鼻子 (bi5 zy3) (bei6), 鼻哥 (bei6 go1) (phi) (phīⁿ), 鼻仔 (phīⁿ-á) ()鼻頭 / 鼻头 (biq8 deu6)鼻頭 / 鼻头 (beq8 deu6)鼻子 (bi6 zr)
76mouth (zuǐ), 嘴巴 (zuǐba)嘴巴 (zui3 ba1) (zuei3) (zeoi2), (hau2) (choi) (chhùi) (chói)嘴巴 (tsy5 po5) (tsyu3)嘴巴 (zei3 ba)
77tooth牙齒 / 牙齿 (yáchǐ)牙齒 / 牙齿 (ya2 ci3-1) (ia2) (ngaa4) (ngà), 牙齒 / 牙齿 (ngà-chhṳ́)嘴齒 / 嘴齿 (chhùi-khí) (ngāi)牙齒 / 牙齿 (nga6 tshy5)牙子 (nga2 tsy3)牙齒 / 牙齿 (nga2 chr3)
78tongue (organ) (shé), 舌頭 / 舌头 (shétou)舌頭兒 / 舌头儿 (se2 tour2-1)舌頭 / 舌头 (shä5 tou2) (lei6)舌嫲 (sa̍t-mà) (chih), 嘴舌 (chhùi-chih)喙舌 (ché̤ṳ-siĕk)舌頭 / 舌头 (zeq8 deu6)舌頭 / 舌头 (zeq8 deu2)舌子 (she6 zr)
79fingernail指甲 (zhǐjia)指甲兒 / 指甲儿 (zi3 jiar2)指甲 (zhr3 ja5)指甲 (zi2 gaap3)指甲 (chṳ́-kap)指甲 (chéng-kah)掌甲 (ciēng-gák)手指掐 (seu5 tsy5 khaq7)節掐子 / 节掐子 (tsiq7 khaeq7 tsy3)指甲子 (zhr6 ga6 zr)
80foot / (jiǎo) / (juo2) / (jo5) / (goek3) / (kiok) / , (kha) / (ciaq7) / (ciaq7) / (jio6)
81leg (tuǐ) (tui3) (tuei3) / (goek3), (teoi2)腳髀 / 脚髀 (kiok-pí) (thúi)骹腿 (kă-tōi) / (ciaq7), (the5) / (phaon3),  / (ciaq7)腳欛子 / 脚欛子 (jio6 ba4 zr)
82knee (), 膝蓋 / 膝盖 (xīgài)磕膝頭兒 / 磕膝头儿 (ke2 xi2-1 tour2), 膝蓋 / 膝盖 (xi2 gai4)磕膝頭 / 磕膝头 (ko5 ci5 tou2)膝頭 / 膝头 (sat1 tau4), 膝頭哥 / 膝头哥 (sat1 tau4 go1)膝頭 / 膝头 (chhit-theù)腳頭窩 / 脚头窝 (kha-thâu-u)骹屈頭 / 骹屈头腳饅頭 / 脚馒头 (ciaq7 moe6 deu6)膝饅頭 / 膝馒头 (siq7 moe2 deu2), 腳饅頭 / 脚馒头 (ciaq7 moe2 deu2)磕膝骨, 膝頭骨 / 膝头骨 (si6 tou gu)
83hand (shǒu) (sou3) (shou3) (sau2) () (chhiú) (chiū) (seu5) (seu3) (shou3)
84wing ()*, 翅膀 (chìbǎng)翅膀兒 / 翅膀儿 (zi4 bangr3)翅膀 (chr4 bang3) (jik6)翼胛 (yi̍t-kap) (e̍k)*, , (si̍t), 翅仔, 翼仔 (si̍t-á), 翅股, 翼股 (si̍t-kó͘)翼翼 (sĭk-sĭk)翅膀 (tshy1 paon5)翨𦑜 (ci5 kaeq7)翼胛 (ie4 ga)
85belly肚子 (dùzi)肚皮 (du4 pi2), 肚子 (du4 zi3-2)肚子 (du3 zy3) (tou5)肚屎 (tú-sṳ́)腹肚 (pak-tó͘)腹老 (bók-lō̤)肚皮 (du6 bi6)肚皮 (dou6 bi2)肚子, 肚皮
86guts腸子 / 肠子 (chángzi)[[#Mandarin|]]腸子 / 肠子 (chang2 zy3) / (coeng4-2) / (chhòng)腸仔 / 肠仔 (pak-tó͘) / (dòng)肚腸 / 肚肠 (du6 zan6)肚腸 / 肚肠 (du6 zan2)腸子 / 肠子 (zhan2 zr)
87neck脖子 (bózi)頸仔 / 颈仔 (jin3 zi3-2), 頸項 / 颈项 (jin3 hang4-2)頸子 / 颈子 (jin3 zy3) / (geng2)頸根 / 颈根 (kiáng-kîn)頷頸 / 颔颈 (ām-kún)脰骨 (dâu-gáuk)頭頸 / 头颈 (deu6 cin5)頭頸 / 头颈 (deu2 cin3)頸根 / 颈根 (jin3 gen1)
88back (bèi) (bei4)脊背 (zi5 bei4)背脊 (bui3 zek3)背囊 (poi-nòng)尻脊骿 (kha-chiah-phiaⁿ)骿 (piăng) (pe5) (pe5)背脊 (bei4 zi6)
89breast (xiōng)*, 胸部 (xiōngbù)*, 胸膛 (xiōngtáng)*, 乳房 (rǔfáng)*胸脯 (xiong1 pu3)胸脯 (xong1 pu2)*, 奶兒 / 奶儿 (lä3 er2)* (hung1), 心口 (sam1 hau2)乳菇 (nen-kû) (hiong)*, 胸部 (hiong-pō͘)*, 胸坎 (heng-khám)*, 奶房 (leng-pông)*?? (shion1) (shion1)胸門口 / 胸门口*, 奶子 (lai3 zr)*
90heart心臟 / 心脏 (xīnzàng) (xin1) (sin1) (sam1)心臟 / 心脏 (sîm-chhong)心臟 / 心脏 (sim-chōng)心臟 / 心脏 (sĭng-câung) (shin1) (sin1)圞心 / 𪢮心 (lonn2 sin1)
91liver (gān)*, 肝臟 / 肝脏 (gānzàng) (gan1) (gang1) (gon1),  / 𬂀 (jeon6-2)肝臟 / 肝脏 (kôn-chhong) (koaⁿ)*, 肝臟 / 肝脏 (koaⁿ-chōng)肝臟 / 肝脏 (găng-câung) (koe1) (koe1)[[#Xiang|]]
Part 1 Part 2 Part 3
1-91 92-146 147-207

See also

[edit]
Swadesh lists
Individual languages
Language families, family branches, and geographic groupings
Constructed languages
Reconstructed proto-languages
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