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黑

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 黒
黑 U+9ED1, 黑
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9ED1
← 黐
[U+9ED0] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 黒 →
[U+9ED2]
⿊ U+2FCA, ⿊
KANGXI RADICAL BLACK
← ⿉
[U+2FC9] 		Kangxi Radicals ⿋ →
[U+2FCB]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order

Han character

[edit]
See images of
Radical 203 黑

黑 (Kangxi radical 203, 黑+0, 12 strokes, cangjie input 田土火 (WGF), four-corner 60331, composition ⿱⿻土⿻丷口灬)

  1. Kangxi radical #203, ⿊.

Derived characters

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1518, character 36
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 48038
  • Dae Jaweon: page 2051, character 13
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4743, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9ED1

Chinese

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Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (黑) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
嚜 *mrɯɡs
嫼 *ʔmrɯːd
墨 *mlɯːɡ
默 *mlɯːɡ
纆 *mɯːɡ
黑 *hmlɯːɡ
潶 *hmlɯːɡ

Pictogram (象形) – a person (大) with a tattooed face, depicting penal tattooing (墨 and 黥), one of the five punishments of ancient China.

In the bronze inscriptions from the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods, dots were sometimes added around 大, leading Shuowen to erroneously interpret the character as an ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 𡆧 (“chimney”) + 炎 (“fire; flame”) — fire burning under a chimney, causing it to become black from the smoke.

This word displaced the earlier word for "black", 玄. Unrelated to 熏.

Etymology 1

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 黑
alternative forms 黒
𪐗

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-maŋ ~ s-mak. Cognate with 墨 (OC *mlɯːɡ, “ink”).

The sense of “hack” is a phono-semantic matching of English hack.

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: hěi - variant used in some contexts, e.g. 黑豆.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 黑
Mandarin Beijing /xei⁵⁵/
Harbin /xei⁴⁴/
Tianjin /xei²¹/
Jinan /xei²¹³/
Qingdao /xe⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /xɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /xei²¹/
Xining /xɨ⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /xɯ¹³/
Lanzhou /xə¹³/
Ürümqi /xei⁴⁴/
Wuhan /xɤ²¹³/
Chengdu /xe³¹/
Guiyang /xɛ²¹/
Kunming /xə³¹/
Nanjing /xəʔ⁵/
Hefei /xɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /xəʔ²/
Pingyao /xʌʔ¹³/
Hohhot /xəʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /həʔ⁵/
Suzhou /həʔ⁵/
Hangzhou /hɑʔ⁵/
Wenzhou /he²¹³/
Hui Shexian /xeʔ²¹/
Tunxi /xə⁵/
Xiang Changsha /xə²⁴/
Xiangtan /hæ²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /hɛʔ⁵/
Hakka Meixian /het̚¹/
Taoyuan /het̚²²/
Cantonese Guangzhou /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Nanning /hɐk̚⁵⁵/
Hong Kong /hɐk̚⁵/
/hak̚⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /hik̚³²/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /haiʔ²³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /xɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /hek̚²/
Haikou (Hainanese)
Rime
Character 黑
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 曉 (32)
Final (韻) 德 (131)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 呼北切
Baxter xok
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/hək̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/hək̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/xək̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/hək̚/
Li
Rong 		/xək̚/
Wang
Li 		/xək̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/xək̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		he
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		hak1
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 黑
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		hēi
Middle
Chinese 		‹ xok ›
Old
Chinese 		/*m̥ˁək/ (dialect *m̥ˁ- > xˁ-)
English black

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 黑
Reading # 1/1
No. 5109
Phonetic
component 		黑
Rime
group 		職
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		黑
Old
Chinese 		/*hmlɯːɡ/

Definitions

[edit]

黑

  1. black
    黑色  ―  hēisè  ―  black color
    她戴著黑帽子。／她戴着黑帽子。  ―  Tā dài zhe hēi màozi.  ―  She's wearing a black hat.
  2. dark; darkness
    這麼黑，我看不見。 [MSC, trad.]
    这么黑，我看不见。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhème hēi, wǒ kàn bù jiàn. [Pinyin]
    It's so dark; I can't see.
    她很怕黑。  ―  Tā hěn pà hēi.  ―  She is very afraid of the dark.
    成間房好黑。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    成间房好黑。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    seng4 gaan1 fong4-2 hou2 haak1. [Jyutping]
    The whole room is very dark.
  3. evening; night
  4. illegal; clandestine; secret; shady
    黑市  ―  hēishì  ―  black market
    黑幫／黑帮  ―  hēibāng  ―  criminal gang
    昨天他們在公園開了個黑會。 [MSC, trad.]
    昨天他们在公园开了个黑会。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zuótiān tāmen zài gōngyuán kāi le ge hēi huì. [Pinyin]
    They had a clandestine meeting in the park yesterday.
  5. (colloquial) to illegally reside (in a country)
  6. sinister; evil
  7. (computing) to crack; to hack
    黑客  ―  hēikè  ―  hacker
    你可以黑掉亨德森辦公室的電腦嗎？ [MSC, trad.]
    你可以黑掉亨德森办公室的电脑吗？ [MSC, simp.]
    Nǐ kěyǐ hēidiào Hēngdésēn bàngōngshì de diànnǎo ma? [Pinyin]
    Can you hack into Henderson's office computer?
  8. (colloquial) to smear; to libel
    這件事，我可是有一說一，不吹不黑。 [MSC, trad.]
    这件事，我可是有一说一，不吹不黑。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè jiàn shì, wǒ kě shì yǒu yī shuō yī, bù chuī bù hēi. [Pinyin]
    As for this thing, I say it as it is and don't boast or libel.
    這是××被黑得最慘的一次。 [MSC, trad.]
    这是××被黑得最惨的一次。 [MSC, simp.]
    Zhè shì × × bèi hēi de zuì cǎn de yī cì. [Pinyin]
    This is the time when **** is libelled the most badly.
  9. one who libels; one who smears
  10. (by extension) hater; anti-fan
  11. (Cantonese) unlucky; unfortunate
  12. (Hui, euphemistic) pig; pork
  13. Short for 黑龍江／黑龙江 (Hēilóngjiāng, “Heilongjiang province”).
  14. a surname
Synonyms
[edit]
Dialectal synonyms of 黑 (“black”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 黑, 烏, 青, 皂, 黔, 黢
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 黑
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 黑
Taiwan 黑
Chifeng 黑
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 黑
Harbin 黑
Shenyang 黑
Malaysia 黑
Singapore 黑
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 黑
Tangshan 黑
Cangzhou 黑
Baoding 黑
Shijiazhuang 黑
Jinan 黑
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 黑
Qingdao 黑
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 黑
Zhengzhou 黑
Xi'an 黑
Xining 黑
Xuzhou 黑
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 黑, 青
Lanzhou 黑
Ürümqi 黑
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 黑, 青 †
Chongqing 黑
Wuhan 黑, 烏, 青 †
Guiyang 黑
Kunming 黑
Guilin 黑
Liuzhou 黑
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 黑
Yangzhou 黑
Nantong 黑
Hefei 黑
Cantonese Guangzhou 黑
Hong Kong 黑
Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou) 黑
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 黑
Hong Kong (Ting Kok) 烏, 黑 skin
Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau) 烏
Macau 黑
Guangzhou (Panyu) 黑
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 黑
Guangzhou (Conghua) 黑
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 黑, 烏
Foshan 黑
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 黑
Foshan (Shunde) 黑
Foshan (Sanshui) 黑
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 黑
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 黑
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 黑
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 黑
Zhuhai (Doumen) 黑
Jiangmen (Baisha) 黑
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 黑
Taishan 黑
Kaiping (Chikan) 黑
Enping (Niujiang) 黑
Heshan (Yayao) 黑
Dongguan 黑
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 黑
Shenzhen (Dapeng) 黑
Yangjiang 黑
Nanning 黑
Danzhou 黑
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 黑
Singapore (Guangfu) 黑
Gan Nanchang 黑, 烏, 青 †
Pingxiang 黑
Hakka Meixian 烏
Xingning 烏
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 烏
Huiyang 烏
Huidong (Daling) 烏
Dongguan (Qingxi) 烏
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 烏
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 黑
Wuhua (Huacheng) 烏
Heyuan (Bendihua) 烏
Wengyuan 烏
Shaoguan (Qujiang) 烏
Lianshan (Xiaosanjiang) 烏
Liannan 黑
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 黑
Jiexi 烏
Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan) 烏
Changting 烏
Wuping 烏
Wuping (Yanqian) 烏
Wuping (Pingyu) 烏
Liancheng 烏
Ninghua 烏
Yudu 黑
Ningdu 黑
Ruijin 烏
Shicheng 烏
Shangyou (Shexi) 烏
Tonggu (Sandu) 烏
Ganzhou (Panlong) 烏
Dayu 烏
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 烏
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 烏
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 烏
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 烏
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 烏
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 烏
Hong Kong 烏
Yangxi (Tangkou) 烏
Yangchun (Sanjia) 烏
Xinyi (Sihe) 烏
Xinyi (Qianpai) 烏
Gaozhou (Xindong) 烏
Maoming (Shalang, Dianbai) 烏
Huazhou (Xin'an) 烏
Lianjiang (Shijiao) 烏
Lianjiang (Qingping) 烏
Mengshan (Xihe) 烏
Luchuan 烏
Senai (Huiyang) 烏
Kuching (Hepo) 烏
Huizhou Jixi 黑
Shexian 黑
Jin Taiyuan 黑
Xinzhou 黑
Linhe 黑
Jining 黑
Hohhot 黑
Zhangjiakou 黑
Handan 黑
Northern Min Jian'ou 烏, 青 †
Eastern Min Fuzhou 烏, 青 †
Fuzhou (Changle) 烏
Fuqing 烏
Yongtai 烏
Gutian 烏
Fu'an 烏
Ningde 烏
Shouning 烏
Zhouning 烏
Fuding 烏
Southern Min Xiamen 烏
Quanzhou 烏
Jinjiang 烏
Yongchun 烏
Zhangzhou 烏
Taipei 烏
Kaohsiung 烏
Yilan 烏
Changhua (Lukang) 烏
Taichung 烏
Taichung (Wuqi) 烏
Tainan 烏
Taitung 烏
Hsinchu 烏
Penghu (Magong) 烏
Penang (Hokkien) 烏
Singapore (Hokkien) 烏
Manila (Hokkien) 烏
Medan (Hokkien) 烏
Pingnan (Shangdu) 黑
Chaozhou 烏
Shantou 烏
Shantou (Chenghai) 烏
Jieyang 烏
Lufeng 烏
Haifeng 烏
Johor Bahru (Teochew) 烏
Singapore (Teochew) 烏
Leizhou 烏
Wenchang 烏
Haikou 烏
Qionghai 烏
Singapore (Hainanese) 烏
Puxian Min Putian 烏
Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang) 烏
Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang) 烏
Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu) 烏
Xianyou 烏
Xianyou (Fengting) 烏
Xianyou (Youyang) 烏
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 黑
Zhongshan (Sanxiang) 烏
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 黑, 烏
Shehua Fu'an 黑
Fuding 黑
Luoyuan 黑
Sanming 烏
Shunchang 烏
Hua'an 烏
Guixi (Zhangping) 烏
Cangnan 黑
Jingning (Hexi) 黑
Lishui 黑
Longyou 黑
Chaozhou 黑
Fengshun 烏
Wu Shanghai 黑
Shanghai (Chongming) 黑
Suzhou 黑
Danyang 黑
Hangzhou 黑
Ningbo 黑
Wenzhou 黑, 烏, 青 †
Jinhua 黑
Xiang Changsha 黑, 青 †
Shuangfeng 黑, 青 †
Note † - usually describes the color of cloth or thread
Dialectal synonyms of 倒霉 (“unlucky; out of luck”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 倒霉, 倒運, 晦氣, 背運, 背時
Northeastern Mandarin Taiwan 倒霉, 背運, 晦氣
Harbin 背興
Singapore 倒霉
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 倒霉
Jiaoliao Mandarin Yantai (Muping) 倒霉
Central Plains Mandarin Luoyang 倒霉
Wanrong 倒灶
Xi'an 倒霉
Xuzhou 背時, 倒灶
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 倒灶, 背時, 背運
Ürümqi 倒運
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 背時, 倒灶, 背時倒灶
Wuhan 背時, 倒運, 點子低, 背九一
Liuzhou 背時, 倒灶, 衰
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 晦氣
Cantonese Guangzhou 衰, 行衰運, 黑, 當黑, 運滯, 倒霉
Hong Kong 衰, 行衰運, 當衰, 黑, 當黑, 黑仔, 運滯
Hong Kong (Kam Tin; Weitou) 當衰
Macau 滯運, 黑
Guangzhou (Panyu) 運滯, 衰
Guangzhou (Huashan, Huadu) 衰
Guangzhou (Conghua) 衰
Guangzhou (Zengcheng) 運滯
Foshan 運滯, 衰
Foshan (Shatou, Nanhai) 倒霉, 運滯
Foshan (Shunde) 衰
Foshan (Sanshui) 衰, 運滯
Foshan (Mingcheng, Gaoming) 失運
Zhongshan (Shiqi) 滯運
Zhuhai (Qianshan, Xiangzhou) 衰
Zhuhai (Shangheng, Doumen; Tanka) 行衰運
Zhuhai (Doumen) 滯運, 衰
Jiangmen (Baisha) 衰
Jiangmen (Xinhui) 衰
Taishan 衰, 衰來, 黑, 黑頸, 滯運, 倒霉
Kaiping (Chikan) 衰
Enping (Niujiang) 衰
Heshan (Yayao) 唔夠運
Dongguan 當衰, 運滯
Shenzhen (Shajing, Bao'an) 衰
Singapore (Guangfu) 衰
Gan Nanchang 倒霉, 倒運, 背時
Lichuan 倒灶
Pingxiang 背時
Hakka Meixian 衰
Huizhou (Huicheng; Bendihua) 衰, 倒運
Dongguan (Qingxi) 衰
Shenzhen (Shatoujiao) 衰
Zhongshan (Nanlang Heshui) 衰
Guangzhou (Lütian, Conghua) 衰
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 衰, 衰漦
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 衰, 衰漦
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 衰, 衰漦
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 衰, 衰漦
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 衰, 衰漦
Huizhou Jixi 倒霉, 倒運, 倒灶, 背時
Jin Taiyuan 倒運, 背時
Xinzhou 背興
Northern Min Jian'ou 衰
Eastern Min Fuzhou 衰, 倒運, 倒灶, 騎背
Southern Min Xiamen 衰, 衰䆀, 衰潲, 衰神, 衰運, 落衰, 歹字運, 歹運, 拍觸衰
Quanzhou 衰, 衰䆀, 衰潲, 衰運, 歹字運, 歹運, 拍觸衰
Zhangzhou 衰, 衰䆀, 衰潲, 衰運, 落衰, 䆀字運, 拍觸衰
Tainan 衰, 衰䆀, 衰潲, 衰尾, 落衰, 歹運
Penang (Hokkien) 衰, 衰潲
Singapore (Hokkien) 衰
Manila (Hokkien) 衰, 衰潲, 衰䆀, 歹命, 歹運, 歹字運
Shantou 衰
Jieyang 衰, 唔利市
Singapore (Teochew) 衰
Leizhou 衰
Haikou 衰
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 滯運
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 衰
Wu Shanghai 倒霉, 觸霉頭, 晦氣
Shanghai (Songjiang) 触霉頭
Shanghai (Jiading) 觸霉頭, 倒運
Shanghai (Chongming) 霉, 觸霉頭, 霉氣, 背時, 背霉
Suzhou 触霉頭
Wuxi 触霉頭
Hangzhou 倒霉, 倒運, 倒灶
Shaoxing 倒灶
Ningbo 倒運, 晦氣
Lishui 倒灶
Jinyun 倒楣, 倒灶
Jinhua 倒霉, 霉運, 倒灶, 倒運
Xiang Changsha 背時, 走蹩腳
Loudi 背時, 倒霉

Compounds

[edit]

Descendants

[edit]
Sino-Xenic (黑):
  • → Japanese: 黒(こく) (koku)
  • → Korean: 흑(黑) (heuk)
  • → Vietnamese: hắc (黑)

Etymology 2

[edit]
simp. and trad.
 黑

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 黑
Mandarin Beijing
Harbin
Tianjin
Jinan
Qingdao
Zhengzhou
Xi'an
Xining
Yinchuan
Lanzhou
Ürümqi
Wuhan
Chengdu
Guiyang
Kunming
Nanjing
Hefei
Jin Taiyuan
Pingyao
Hohhot
Wu Shanghai
Suzhou
Hangzhou
Wenzhou
Hui Shexian
Tunxi
Xiang Changsha
Xiangtan
Gan Nanchang
Hakka Meixian
Taoyuan
Cantonese Guangzhou
Nanning
Hong Kong
Min Xiamen (Hokkien)
Fuzhou (Eastern Min)
Jian'ou (Northern Min)
Shantou (Teochew)
Haikou (Hainanese) /ɔu²³/ 訓烏

Definitions

[edit]

黑

  1. (Hokkien, Teochew, Hainanese) Alternative form of 烏 / 乌 (“black”)

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Shinjitai

黒

Kyūjitai

黑

Kanji

[edit]
黑

(Jinmeiyō kanji, kyūjitai kanji, shinjitai form 黒)

  1. black

Readings

[edit]

Khitan

[edit]

Etymology

[edit]

Unknown. Perhaps related to Old Uyghur 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰 (kara, “black”). Colors indicated cardinal directions in Old Turkic.

Compare Old Uyghur 𐽲𐾄𐽰𐽾𐽰𐽽𐽰𐽺𐽷 (Karačaŋ, “Yunnan province of China, lit. 'Western-Xiang'”).

Noun

[edit]

黑 (kara)

  1. west

Korean

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

黑 (eumhun 검을 흑 (geomeul heuk))

  1. hanja form? of 흑 (“black”)

Compounds

[edit]

Vietnamese

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

黑: Hán Nôm readings: hắc

  1. chữ Hán form of hắc (“black”).

Compounds

[edit]
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