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餅

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 饼 and 餠
餅 U+9905, 餅
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-9905
← 餄
[U+9904] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 餆 →
[U+9906]

Translingual

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Han character

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餅 (Kangxi radical 184, 食+6, 14 strokes in Chinese, 15 strokes in Japanese, cangjie input 人戈廿廿 (OITT), four-corner 88741, composition ⿰飠并(GHTV) or ⿰𩙿并(JK))

References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1419, character 14
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 44133
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1943, character 20
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 7, page 4453, character 1
  • Unihan data for U+9905

Chinese

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trad. 餅
simp. 饼
alternative forms 餠

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (并) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
鵧 *bi
駢 *beːn
胼 *beːn
骿 *beːn
軿 *beːn, *beːŋ
賆 *beːn
跰 *preŋs, *beːn
恲 *pʰreŋ
鮩 *breŋʔ, *beːŋʔ, *biɡ
絣 *preːŋ
拼 *preːŋ
迸 *preːŋs
姘 *pʰreːŋ, *pʰeːŋ
皏 *pʰreːŋʔ
併 *breːŋʔ, *breːŋs, *peŋʔ, *peŋs, *beːŋʔ
并 *peŋ, *peŋs
栟 *peŋ
屏 *peŋ, *peŋʔ, *beːŋ
箳 *peŋ, *beːŋ
餅 *peŋʔ
鉼 *peŋʔ
摒 *peŋs
庰 *beŋs
偋 *beŋs
艵 *pʰeːŋ
頩 *pʰeːŋ, *pʰeːŋʔ
竮 *pʰeːŋ, *beːŋ
瓶 *beːŋ
缾 *beːŋ
蛢 *beːŋ
荓 *beːŋ
郱 *beːŋ
洴 *beːŋ
蓱 *beːŋ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *peŋʔ) : semantic 飠 (“food”) + phonetic 并 (OC *peŋ, *peŋs); traditional glyph form during Ming and Qing dynasty used to advocate 幷 (as in 餠) based on the influence of Shuowen.

Etymology 1

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Perhaps from Proto-Sino-Tibetan *(p/b)ljaŋ (“plank; palm; flat surface; wing”), whence also 平 (OC *ben, *beŋ, “level, even, flat”)?”

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • beng2 - vernacular;
  • bing2 - literary (rare).
Note:
  • biāng - noun;
  • piāng - classifier.
Note:
  • piáⁿ - vernacular;
  • péng - literary.
Rime
Character 餅
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 清 (121)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 必郢切
Baxter pjiengX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/piᴇŋX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piɛŋX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/piæŋX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piajŋX/
Li
Rong 		/piɛŋX/
Wang
Li 		/pĭɛŋX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/pi̯ɛŋX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bǐng
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bing2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 餅
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǐng
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjiengX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*peŋʔ/
English cake

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 餅
Reading # 1/1
No. 934
Phonetic
component 		并
Rime
group 		耕
Rime
subdivision 		0
Corresponding
MC rime 		餅
Old
Chinese 		/*peŋʔ/

Definitions

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餅

  1. pastry; biscuit; cookie
    月餅／月饼  ―  yuèbǐng  ―  mooncake
    曲奇餅／曲奇饼  ―  qūqíbǐng  ―  cookie
  2. any round and flat pancake-like object
    茶餅／茶饼  ―  chábǐng  ―  dried tea leaves pressed into the shape of a disc
    肉餅／肉饼  ―  ròubǐng  ―  meat patty
    麵餅／面饼  ―  miànbǐng  ―  disc (block) of instant noodles
  3. (Cantonese) Western-style pastry (usually cake) (Classifier: 件 c)
    Synonym: 西餅 / 西饼 (sai1 beng2)
  4. (Cantonese, figuratively) pie (the whole of a wealth or resource, to be divided in parts) (Classifier: 個／个 c)
    分餅仔／分饼仔 [Cantonese]  ―  fan1 beng2 zai2 [Jyutping]  ―  to have a piece of the pie
  5. (Cantonese) Classifier for video cassettes.
    呢餅帶／呢饼带 [Cantonese]  ―  ni1 beng2 daai3-2 [Jyutping]  ―  this cassette
  6. (Cantonese) Classifier for flat objects, especially ones that are crumpled or tangled.
    一餅麵／一饼面 [Cantonese]  ―  jat1 beng2 min6 [Jyutping]  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
    個去水口畀餅頭髮塞住咗。 [Cantonese, trad.]
    个去水口畀饼头发塞住咗。 [Cantonese, simp.]
    go3 heoi3 seoi2 hau2 bei2 beng2 tau4 faat3 sak1 zyu6 zo2. [Jyutping]
    The drain was jammed by a blob of hair.
  7. (Cantonese, colloquial) ten thousand dollars
  8. (Cantonese, fitness) 20 kilograms of weight
  9. (Eastern Min) Classifier for pastry or flat objects.
  10. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
    三餅金／三饼金  ―  sān bǐng jīn  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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For pronunciation and definitions of 餅 – see 鉼 (“gold disc; a kind of pot; etc.”).
(This character is a variant form of 鉼).

Descendants

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  • → Khmer: បាញ់ (bañ, “cake, pastry”)
  • → Lao: ແປ້ງ (pǣng, “flour; starch; powder”)
  • → Thai: แป้ง (bpɛ̂ɛng, “powder; flour; starch”)
  • → Vietnamese: bánh (“pastry; cake; bread”), bánh pía (“Suzhou-style mooncake”)

Japanese

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Shinjitai

餅

Kyūjitai

餠

Kanji

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餅

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. mochi (glutinous rice cake)
  2. food containing mochi
  3. food kneaded and baked from flour

Note: according to the Kangxi Dictionary, the correct or traditional form of this kanji is 餠 but its form 餅 was already in general use before the post-war character simplifications, and is also recorded in the Kangxi Dictionary as a variant.

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
餅 (mochi): a pair of glutinous rice cakes
Kanji in this term
餅
もち
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
餠 (kyūjitai)

/mot͡ɕiː/ → /mot͡ɕi/

Shift from older mochii, historical mochihi (see below).[1][2] Now the modern term for a glutinous rice cake.

Compare モモンガ (momonga, “Japanese dwarf flying squirrel”), with a similar shift.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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餅(もち) • (mochi) 

  1. mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
    Synonym: 糯飯, 餅飯 (mochi-ii)
    • 1996 February 20 [1988 February 15], Mitsuru Adachi, “テイク・オフ [Take Off]”, in SHORT(ショート) PROGRAM(プログラム) [SHORT PROGRAM], 25th edition, volume 1 (fiction), Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN, page 107:
      自(じ)分(ぶん)で自(じ)分(ぶん)の行(こう)動(どう)に条(じょう)件(けん)をつけちゃうんだよ、この娘(こ)——例(たと)えば、毎(まい)年(とし)初(はつ)雪(ゆき)が降(ふ)るまでモチは食(く)わないとか、霊(れい)柩(きゅう)車(しゃ)が通(とお)るまで道(みち)を渡(わた)らないとか、ネコがあくびするまでコタツを出(で)ないとか。
      Jibun de jibun no kōdō ni jōken o tsukechaun da yo, kono ko—— Tatoeba, maitoshi hatsuyuki ga furu made mochi wa kuwanai toka, reikyūsha ga tōru made michi o wataranai toka, neko ga akubisuru made kotatsu o denai toka.
      She sets terms for every of her own actions— Like, not eating mochi until the first snowfall of each year, not crossing the street until the hearse passes by, or not leaving the kotatsu until her cat yawns.
Derived terms
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Derived terms
Idioms
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Proverbs
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Proverbs
Descendants
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Proper noun

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餅(もち) • (Mochi) 

  1. a surname

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
餅
もちい
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
餠 (kyūjitai)

⟨moti ipi1⟩ → */motipʲi/ → /mot͡ɕifi/ → /mot͡ɕiwi/ → /mot͡ɕiː/

First attested in the Wamyō Ruijushō (938 CE).

Shift from 糯飯 (mochi-ii), itself a compound of 糯 (mochi, “glutinous rice”) + 飯 (ii, “cooked grains”).[1][2]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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餅(もちい) • (mochii) ←もちひ (motifi)?

  1. (archaic) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
餅
かちん
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
餠 (kyūjitai)

First attested in Muromachi period texts.

Originally a 女房詞 (nyōbō kotoba, literally “woman's language”) term, derived as a compound of 搗ち (kachi), the 連用形 (ren'yōkei, “stem or continuative form”) of verb 搗つ (katsu, “to pound in a mortar”) + 飯 (ii, “cooked grains”).[1][2][3] The final ん (-n) is likely an informal suffix. Listed as cachin in the Nippo Jisho of 1603.[6]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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餅(かちん) • (kachin) 

  1. (colloquial) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
    Synonym: おかちん (o-kachin)

Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
餅
あも
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
餠 (kyūjitai)

/amːot͡ɕi/ → /amːo/ → /amo/

A shift from 餡餅 (anmochi, “red bean-paste mochi”), deriving from baby talk.[1][2][3] Appears in the Nippo Jisho of 1603, described as “Palaura de mulheres, 🙰 mininos” (“a women's and children's word”).[7]

Pronunciation

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Noun

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餅(あも) • (amo) 

  1. (usually childish) mochi filled or wrapped in red bean paste
    Synonym: 餡餅 (anmochi, anmo)
  2. (usually childish, by extension) mochi (Japanese rice cake made from glutinous rice, usually mixed with other ingredients)
See also
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References

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  1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  2. ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Matsumura, Akira (1995) 大辞泉 [Daijisen] (in Japanese), First edition, Tokyo: Shogakukan, →ISBN
  3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 3.2 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  5. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  6. ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎[1] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here as the fifth entry from the bottom of the right-hand column
  7. ^ Ishizuka, Harumichi (1976 [1603]) 日葡辞書: パリ本 [Nippo Jisho: Paris edition / Vocabulary of the Language of Japan]‎[2] (overall work in Japanese and Portuguese), Tōkyō: Bensei Publishing, text here, third entry from the bottom in the right-hand column

Korean

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Hanja

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餅 (eumhun 떡 병 (tteok byeong))

  1. Alternative form of 餠 (“Hanja form? of 병 (“rice cake”). ”)

References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

Okinawan

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Kanji in this term
餅
むーちー
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
餠 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

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Cognate with Japanese 餅 (mochi).

Noun

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餅(むーちー) (mūchī) 

  1. mochi

Vietnamese

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Chữ Hán

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餅: Hán Việt readings: bính
餅: Nôm readings: bính, bánh

Noun

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餅 • (bánh)

  1. Nôm form of bánh (“pastry, cake, bread, dumpling, noodle, wafer, or pudding”).

References

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