辣

See also: 辢

辣 U+8FA3, 辣 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8FA3 ← 辢 [U+8FA2] CJK Unified Ideographs 辤 → [U+8FA4]

Translingual

Han character

辣 (Kangxi radical 160, 辛+7, 14 strokes, cangjie input 卜十木中 (YJDL), four-corner 0549₆, composition ⿰辛束)

Derived characters

• 𪢘, 𨆹, 𣋩, 𤁕, 𬅀, 𤻬, 𥶁, 𫶼, 𰳡

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 1251, character 12
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 38646
• Dae Jaweon: page 1731, character 4
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 6, page 4040, character 1
• Unihan data for U+8FA3

Chinese

simp. and trad.		辣
alternative forms		辢

Glyph origin

Characters in the same phonetic series (剌) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
莿	*sʰeːɡs, *raːds
鵣	*raːds
辣	*raːd
辢	*raːd
剌	*raːd
揧	*raːd
瘌	*raːd
楋	*raːd
蝲	*raːd

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *raːd) : semantic 辛 + phonetic 束. The latter is an abbreviation of 剌 (OC *raːd).

Etymology 1

Possibly cognate with 厲 (OC *m·rads), 烈 (OC *red).

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Standard)

  (Pinyin): là (la⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄌㄚˋ

  (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): na²

  (Xi'an, Guanzhong Pinyin): lǎ

  (Nanjing, Nanjing Pinyin): låq

• Cantonese

  (Guangzhou–Hong Kong, Jyutping): laat⁶

  (Dongguan, Jyutping++): ngek⁸

• Gan (Wiktionary): lah⁷
• Hakka

  (Sixian, PFS): la̍t

  (Hailu, HRS): lad^ˋ

  (Meixian, Guangdong): lad⁶

• Jin (Wiktionary): lah⁴
• Northern Min (KCR): luòi / lă
• Eastern Min (BUC): lăk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): luah⁷ / lua² / lah⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): la̍t / loa̍h

  (Teochew, Peng'im): luah⁴ / luah⁸

  (Leizhou, Leizhou Pinyin): lua⁶

• Wu (Northern, Wugniu): ⁸laq / ⁸laeq
• Xiang

  (Changsha, Wiktionary): la⁶

  (Loudi, Wiktionary): la⁴

  (Hengyang, Wiktionary): la²

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: là
    • Zhuyin: ㄌㄚˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: là
    • Wade–Giles: la⁴
    • Yale: là
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: lah
    • Palladius: ла (la)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lä⁵¹/
  • (Chengdu)
    • Sichuanese Pinyin: na²
    • Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: la
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /na²¹/
  • (Xi'an)
    • Guanzhong Pinyin: lǎ
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /la²¹/
  • (Nanjing)
    • Nanjing Pinyin: låq
    • Nanjing Pinyin (numbered): laq⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laʔ⁵/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: laat⁶
    • Yale: laaht
    • Cantonese Pinyin: laat⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: lad⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laːt̚²/
  • (Dongguan, Guancheng)
    • Jyutping++: ngek⁸
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ŋɛk̚²²/
• Gan
  • (Nanchang)
    • Wiktionary: lah⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laʔ²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: la̍t
    • Hakka Romanization System: lad
    • Hagfa Pinyim: lad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lat̚⁵/
  • (Hailu, incl. Zhudong)
    • Hakka Romanization System: lad^ˋ
    • Sinological IPA: /lat²/
  • (Meixian)
    • Guangdong: lad⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /lat̚⁵/
• Jin
  • (Taiyuan)⁺
    • Wiktionary: lah⁴
    • Sinological IPA (old-style): /laʔ²/
• Northern Min
  • (Jian'ou)
    • Kienning Colloquial Romanized: luòi / lă
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /luɛ⁴²/, /la²⁴/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: lăk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /l̃aʔ⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: luah⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /luaʔ⁴/
  • (Putian, Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lua²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lua¹³/
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lah⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: lah⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /laʔ²⁴/

Note:

• luah7/lua2 - vernacular;
• lah7 - literary.

• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: la̍t
    • Tâi-lô: la̍t
    • Phofsit Daibuun: lat
    • IPA (Xiamen): /lat̚⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /lat̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /lat̚²⁴/
  • (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou, Penang, Philippines)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: loa̍h
    • Tâi-lô: lua̍h
    • Phofsit Daibuun: loah
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /luaʔ¹²¹/
    • IPA (Quanzhou, Philippines): /luaʔ²⁴/
    • IPA (Xiamen, Penang): /luaʔ⁴/

Note:

• la̍t - literary;
• loa̍h - vernacular (“spicy; cruel (Mainland China)”).

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: luah⁴ / luah⁸
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: luah / lua̍h
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /luaʔ²/, /luaʔ⁴/
• (Leizhou)
  • Leizhou Pinyin: lua⁶
  • Sinological IPA: /lua³³/
• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai, Jiading, Hangzhou, Ningbo)
    • Wugniu: ⁸laq
    • MiniDict: lah^入
    • MiniDict: leh^入
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ⁵laq
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /laʔ¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Jiading): /laʔ¹²/
    • Sinological IPA (Hangzhou): /lɑʔ²³/
    • Sinological IPA (Ningbo): /lɐʔ¹²/
  • (Northern: Songjiang, Chongming, Suzhou)
    • Wugniu: ⁸laeq
    • MiniDict: laeh^入
    • Sinological IPA (Songjiang): /læʔ²²/
    • Sinological IPA (Chongming): /ɦlæʔ²/
    • Sinological IPA (Suzhou): /laʔ²³/
• Xiang
  • (Changsha)
    • Wiktionary: la⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /la̠²⁴/
  • (Loudi)
    • Wiktionary: la⁴
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /la̠³⁵/
  • (Hengyang)
    • Wiktionary: la²
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /lä¹¹/

---

• Dialectal data

Variety	Location	edit 辣
Mandarin	Beijing	/la⁵¹/
	Harbin	/la⁵³/
	Tianjin	/lɑ⁵³/
	Jinan	/la²¹/
	Qingdao	/la⁴²/
	Zhengzhou	/la²⁴/
	Xi'an	/la²¹/
	Xining	/la⁴⁴/
	Yinchuan	/la¹³/
	Lanzhou	/la¹³/
	Ürümqi	/la²¹³/
	Wuhan	/na²¹³/
	Chengdu	/na³¹/
	Guiyang	/na²¹/
	Kunming	/la̠³¹/
	Nanjing	/lɑʔ⁵/
	Hefei	/lɐʔ⁵/
Jin	Taiyuan	/laʔ²/
	Pingyao	/lʌʔ⁵³/
	Hohhot	/laʔ⁴³/
Wu	Shanghai	/laʔ¹/
	Suzhou	/laʔ³/
	Hangzhou	/lɑʔ²/
	Wenzhou	/la²¹³/
Hui	Shexian	/la²²/
	Tunxi	/lɔ¹¹/
Xiang	Changsha	/la²⁴/
	Xiangtan	/nɒ²⁴/
Gan	Nanchang	/laʔ²/
Hakka	Meixian	/lat̚⁵/
	Taoyuan	/lɑt̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese	Guangzhou	/lat̚²/
	Nanning	/ʟat̚²²/
	Hong Kong	/lɐt̚²/
Min	Xiamen (Hokkien)	/lat̚⁵/ /luaʔ⁵/
	Fuzhou (Eastern Min)	/laʔ⁵/
	Jian'ou (Northern Min)	/luɛ⁴²/ /la²⁴/
	Shantou (Teochew)	/la⁵/ /luaʔ⁵/ /luaʔ²/
	Haikou (Hainanese)	/lua³³/

---

• Middle Chinese: lat

Rime
Character	辣
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	來 (37)
Final (韻)	曷 (63)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	I
Fanqie	盧達切
Baxter	lat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/lɑt̚/
Pan Wuyun	/lɑt̚/
Shao Rongfen	/lɑt̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/lat̚/
Li Rong	/lɑt̚/
Wang Li	/lɑt̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/lɑt̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	là
Expected Cantonese Reflex	laat6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mə.rˤat/

  (Zhengzhang): /*raːd/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	辣
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	là
Middle Chinese	‹ lat ›
Old Chinese	/*mə.rˁat/ (~ C.rˁat ?)
English	spicy-hot
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	辣
Reading #	1/1
No.	7591
Phonetic component	剌
Rime group	月
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	剌
Old Chinese	/*raːd/
Notes	辢後起字，辛原在右

Definitions

辣

1. spicy; hot; peppery; pungent; hot

   無辣不歡／无辣不欢  ―  wú là bù huān  ―  I don't find food that isn't spicy tasty.

   我不吃辣。  ―  Wǒ bù chī là.  ―  I don't eat spicy food.

2. to be spicy; to be hot; to burn
3. cruel; vicious

   毒辣  ―  dúlà  ―  sinister

4. a surname: La

Synonyms

• (spicy):

Dialectal synonyms of 辣 (“spicy”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		辛
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		辣, 辛辣
Northeastern Mandarin	Beijing	辣
	Taiwan	辣
	Chifeng	辣
	Hulunbuir (Hailar)	辣
	Harbin	辣
	Shenyang	辣
	Malaysia	辣
	Singapore	辣
Jilu Mandarin	Tianjin	辣
	Tangshan	辣
	Cangzhou	辣
	Baoding	辣
	Shijiazhuang	辣
	Jinan	辣
Jiaoliao Mandarin	Yantai (Muping)	辣
	Qingdao	辣
Central Plains Mandarin	Wanrong	麻
	Zhengzhou	辣
	Xi'an	辣
	Xining	辣
	Xuzhou	辣
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	辣
	Lanzhou	辣
	Ürümqi	辣
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	辣
	Chongqing	辣
	Wuhan	辣
	Guiyang	辣
	Kunming	辣
	Guilin	辣
	Liuzhou	辣
Jianghuai Mandarin	Nanjing	辣
	Yangzhou	辣
	Nantong	辣
	Hefei	辣
Cantonese	Guangzhou	辣
	Hong Kong	辣
	Hong Kong (San Tin; Weitou)	辣
	Hong Kong (Ting Kok)	辣
	Hong Kong (Tung Ping Chau)	辣
	Taishan	辣
	Dongguan	辣
	Yangjiang	辣
	Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu)	辣
	Singapore (Guangfu)	辣
	Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu)	辣
Gan	Nanchang	辣
	Lichuan	辣
	Pingxiang	辣
Hakka	Meixian	辣
	Dongguan (Qingxi)	辣
	Heyuan (Bendihua)	辣
	Wengyuan	辣
	Liannan	辣
	Jiexi	辣
	Zhao'an (Xiuzhuan)	辣
	Changting	辣
	Wuping (Yanqian)	辣
	Ninghua	辣
	Yudu	辣
	Ningdu	辣
	Tonggu (Sandu)	辣
	Ganzhou (Panlong)	辣
	Dayu	辣
	Miaoli (N. Sixian)	辣
	Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian)	辣
	Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu)	辣
	Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu)	辣
	Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping)	辣
	Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an)	薟
	Hong Kong	辣
	Mengshan (Xihe)	辣
	Luchuan	辣
	Senai (Huiyang)	辣
Huizhou	Jixi	辣
	Shexian	辣
Jin	Taiyuan	辣
	Xinzhou	辣
	Linhe	辣
	Jining	辣
	Hohhot	辣
	Zhangjiakou	辣
	Handan	辣
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	辣
Southern Min	Xiamen	辣
	Quanzhou	辣
	Zhangzhou	辣
	Zhao'an	薟
	Dongshan	薟
	Taipei	薟
	Taipei (Wanhua)	薟
	New Taipei (Tamsui)	薟
	New Taipei (Sanxia)	薟
	New Taipei (Pingxi)	薟
	Kaohsiung	薟
	Yilan	薟
	Changhua (Lukang)	薟
	Taichung	薟
	Taichung (Wuqi)	薟
	Tainan	辣, 薟
	Taitung	薟
	Hsinchu	薟
	Kinmen	辣
	Penghu (Magong)	辣
	Penang (Hokkien)	薟, 辣
	Singapore (Hokkien)	薟, 辣
	Manila (Hokkien)	風, 辣
	Chaozhou	薟
	Shantou	薟
	Shantou (Chenghai)	薟
	Shantou (Chaoyang)	薟
	Jieyang	薟
	Haifeng	薟
	Bangkok (Teochew)	薟
	Johor Bahru (Teochew)	薟
	Singapore (Teochew)	薟
	Pontianak (Teochew)	薟
	Wenchang	辣
	Haikou	辣
	Qionghai	辣
	Singapore (Hainanese)	辣
Puxian Min	Putian	辣
	Putian (Donghai, Chengxiang)	辣
	Putian (Jiangkou, Hanjiang)	辣
	Putian (Nanri, Xiuyu)	辣
	Xianyou	辣
	Xianyou (Fengting)	辣
	Xianyou (Youyang)	辣
Central Min	Yong'an	辣
Southern Pinghua	Nanning (Tingzi)	辣
Shehua	Fu'an	辣
	Fuding	辣
	Luoyuan	辣
	Sanming	辣
	Shunchang	辣
	Hua'an	辣
	Guixi (Zhangping)	辣
	Cangnan	辣
	Jingning (Hexi)	辣
	Lishui	辣
	Longyou	辣
	Chaozhou	辣
	Fengshun	辣
Wu	Shanghai	辣
	Shanghai (Chongming)	辣
	Suzhou	辣
	Danyang	辣
	Hangzhou	辣
	Ningbo	辣
	Wenzhou	辣
	Jinhua	辣
	Jinhua (Tangxi)	辣農
Xiang	Changsha	辣
	Loudi	辣

• (cruel):

edit

• 兇惡 / 凶恶 (xiōng'è)
• 兇殘 / 凶残 (xiōngcán)
• 兇狠 / 凶狠 (xiōnghěn)
• 兇猛 / 凶猛 (xiōngměng)
• 兇險 / 凶险 (xiōngxiǎn)
• 凶暴 (xiōngbào)
• 厲害 / 厉害 (lìhài)
• 嚴酷 / 严酷 (yánkù)
• 強暴 / 强暴 (qiángbào)
• 忍 (rěn) (literary)
• 惡勢 / 恶势 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 惡毒 / 恶毒 (èdú)
• 惡狠狠 / 恶狠狠 (èhěnhěn)
• 慘 / 惨 (cǎn) (literary, or in compounds)
• 暴力 (bàolì)
• 暴戾 (bàolì) (literary)
• 暴虐 (bàonüè)
• 暴躁 (bàozào)
• 橫逆 / 横逆 (Xiamen Hokkien, Zhangzhou Hokkien, Taiwanese Hokkien)
• 殘 / 残 (cán) (literary,or in compounds)
• 殘忍 / 残忍 (cánrěn)
• 殘暴 / 残暴 (cánbào)
• 殘酷 / 残酷 (cánkù)
• 毒辣 (dúlà)
• 烏心 / 乌心 (Min Nan)
• 狠心 (hěnxīn)
• 狠毒 (hěndú)
• 狠狠 (hěnhěn)
• 猙獰 / 狰狞 (zhēngníng)
• 粗殘 / 粗残 (Xiamen Hokkien)
• 酷烈 (kùliè)
• 野蠻 / 野蛮 (yěmán)
• 陰功 / 阴功 (jam¹ gung¹) (Cantonese)
• 險惡 / 险恶 (xiǎn'è)
• 黑心 (hēixīn)

 

Compounds

• 光辣撻 / 光辣挞
• 吃辣麵 / 吃辣面
• 吃香喝辣
• 哈辣
• 大辣酥
• 心狠手辣 (xīnhěnshǒulà)
• 托辣斯
• 撲辣 / 扑辣
• 放屁辣臊 (fàngpìlàsāo)
• 毒辣 (dúlà)
• 清光滑辣 (qīngguānghuálà)
• 滑辣
• 潑辣 / 泼辣 (pōlà)
• 火焦火辣
• 火辣 (huǒlà)
• 熱辣辣 / 热辣辣 (rèlàlà)
• 甜不辣 (tiánbùlà)
• 甜辣醬 / 甜辣酱
• 甜酸苦辣 (tiánsuānkǔlà)
• 老辣 (lǎolà)
• 苦辣
• 薑桂老辣 / 姜桂老辣 (jiāngguìlǎolà)
• 薑越老越辣 / 姜越老越辣 (jiāngyuèlǎoyuèlà)
• 薑還是老的辣 / 姜还是老的辣 (jiāng háishì lǎo de là)
• 虎辣八
• 蹼辣
• 辛辣 (xīnlà)
• 辣乎乎
• 辣味 (làwèi)
• 辣妹 (làmèi)
• 辣子 (làzi)
• 辣實 / 辣实
• 辣手 (làshǒu)
• 辣拐子 (làguǎizi)
• 辣椒 (làjiāo)
• 辣氣 / 辣气
• 辣油 (làyóu)
• 辣浪
• 辣燥
• 辣瓣兒醬 / 辣瓣儿酱 (làbànrjiàng)
• 辣絲絲 / 辣丝丝 (làsīsī)
• 辣菜 (làcài)
• 辣菜根子
• 辣豁豁
• 辣貨 / 辣货
• 辣酥酥
• 辣醬 / 辣酱 (làjiàng)
• 辣雞 / 辣鸡 (làjī)
• 酸甜苦辣 (suāntiánkǔlà)
• 酸辣湯 / 酸辣汤 (suānlàtāng)
• 鳳辣子 / 凤辣子
• 麻辣 (málà)
• 黃湯辣水 / 黄汤辣水 (huángtānglàshuǐ)

 

See also

Basic tastes in Chinese · 味道 (layout · text)
甜 (tián)	酸 (suān)	鹹 / 咸 (xián)	苦	辣 (là)	鮮味 / 鲜味 (xiānwèi)

Etymology 2

For pronunciation and definitions of 辣 – see 焫 (“(of hot objects) to burn; to scald; to sear; very hot; scalding”). (This character is a variant form of 焫).

Compounds

• 辣雞 / 辣鸡 (làjī)

 

Etymology 3

For pronunciation and definitions of 辣 – see 垃 (“to be at; to be located at; etc.”). (This character is a variant form of 垃).

References

• “辣”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Kanji

辣

(Jōyō kanji)

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

• Go-on: らち (rachi)
• Kan-on: らつ (ratsu, Jōyō)
• Kun: からい (karai, 辣い)、きびしい (kibishii, 辣しい)、むごい (mugoi, 辣い)

Compounds

Compounds

• 悪辣(あくらつ) (akuratsu)
• 苛辣(からつ) (karatsu)
• 辛辣(しんらつ) (shinratsu)
• 酸辣湯(サンラータン) (sanrātan): hot and sour soup
• 辣醤(ラージャン) (rājan)
• 辣白菜(ラーバイサイ) (rābaisai)
• 辣油(ラーユ) (rāyu): chili oil
• 辣韮(らっきょう) (rakkyō), 辣韭(らっきょう) (rakkyō)
• 辣腕(らつわん) (ratsuwan)

Korean

Hanja

辣 (eumhun 매울 랄 (mae'ul ral), word-initial (South Korea) 매울 날 (mae'ul nal))

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

辣: Hán Việt readings: lạt
辣: Nôm readings: lượt, lát, lướt, nhạt, nhợt

1. spicy, scathing, harsh