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藍

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 籃 and 蓝
藍 U+85CD, 藍
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-85CD
← 藌
[U+85CC] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 藎 →
[U+85CE]

藍 U+F923, 藍
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F923
← 濫
[U+F922] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 襤 →
[U+F924]

Translingual

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Han character

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藍 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+14 in Chinese and Korean, 艸+15 in Japanese, 18 strokes in traditional Chinese, Japanese and Korean, 17 strokes in mainland China, cangjie input 廿尸戈廿 (TSIT) or 廿尸一廿 (TSMT), four-corner 44107, composition ⿱艹監)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1064, character 16
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 32258
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1528, character 35
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3311, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+85CD

Chinese

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trad. 藍
simp. 蓝
2nd round simp. 兰

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (監) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
藍 *ɡ·raːm
襤 *ɡ·raːm
籃 *ɡ·raːm
懢 *ɡ·raːm, *ɡ·raːms
儖 *ɡ·raːm
蘫 *ɡ·raːm, *qʰlaːms
攬 *ɡ·raːmʔ
欖 *ɡ·raːmʔ
覽 *ɡ·raːmʔ
爁 *ɡ·raːmʔ, *ɡ·raːms, *ɡ·rams
擥 *ɡ·raːmʔ
灠 *ɡ·raːmʔ
濫 *ɡ·raːms, *ɡraːmʔ
嚂 *ɡ·raːms, *kʰlaːms, *qʰlaːmʔ
纜 *ɡ·raːms
監 *kraːm, *kraːms
礛 *kraːm
鑑 *kraːm, *kraːms, *kraːms
艦 *ɡraːmʔ
檻 *ɡraːmʔ, *ɡraːms
壏 *ɡraːmʔ
轞 *ɡraːmʔ
鹽 *ɡ·lam, *ɡ·lams

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *ɡ·raːm) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 監 (OC *kraːm, *kraːms).

Etymology

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From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *g-ram (“indigo”); cognate with Lepcha ᰛᰤᰨᰮ (ryom), Mru [script needed] (charam), Tibetan རམས (rams, “indigo”) (STEDT; Schuessler, 2007; Hill, 2019). However, Laufer (1916) considers the Tibetan word to be borrowed from Chinese.

Schuessler (2007) considers this an areal word, possibly from Southeast Asia; cf. Proto-Malayo-Polynesian *taʀum (“indigo plant and dye”) (> Malay tarum).

Pronunciation

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Note:
  • nâ - vernacular (incl. surname);
  • lâm - literary.
Note:
  • lam5 - Chaozhou, Raoping;
  • nam5 - Shantou, Chaoyang, Jieyang, Pontianak;
  • nang5 - Chenghai;
  • na5 - surname.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 藍
Mandarin Beijing /lan³⁵/
Harbin /lan²⁴/
Tianjin /lan⁴⁵/
Jinan /lã⁴²/
Qingdao /lã⁴²/
Zhengzhou /lan⁴²/
Xi'an /lã²⁴/
Xining /lã²⁴/
Yinchuan /lan⁵³/
Lanzhou /lɛ̃n⁵³/
Ürümqi /lan⁵¹/
Wuhan /nan²¹³/
Chengdu /nan³¹/
Guiyang /nan²¹/
Kunming /lã̠³¹/
Nanjing /laŋ²⁴/
Hefei /læ̃⁵⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /læ̃¹¹/
Pingyao /lɑŋ¹³/
Hohhot /læ̃³¹/
Wu Shanghai /le²³/
Suzhou /le̞¹³/
Hangzhou /lẽ̞²¹³/
Wenzhou /la³¹/
Hui Shexian /lɛ⁴⁴/
Tunxi /lɔ⁴⁴/
Xiang Changsha /lan¹³/
Xiangtan /nan¹²/
Gan Nanchang /lan⁴⁵/
Hakka Meixian /lam¹¹/
Taoyuan /lɑm¹¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /lam²¹/
Nanning /lam²¹/
Hong Kong /lam²¹/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /lam³⁵/
/na³⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /laŋ⁵³/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /laŋ³³/
Shantou (Teochew) /lam⁵⁵/
/nã⁵⁵/ 姓
Haikou (Hainanese) /lam³¹/
Rime
Character 藍
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 來 (37)
Final (韻) 談 (143)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 魯甘切
Baxter lam
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/lɑm/
Pan
Wuyun 		/lɑm/
Shao
Rongfen 		/lɑm/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/lam/
Li
Rong 		/lɑm/
Wang
Li 		/lɑm/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/lɑm/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		lán
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		laam4
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 藍
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		lán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ lam ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[N-k.]rˁam/
English indigo

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 藍
Reading # 1/1
No. 6082
Phonetic
component 		監
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		藍
Old
Chinese 		/*ɡ·raːm/

Definitions

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藍／蓝 (lán) (2)

藍

  1. blue
    藍色／蓝色  ―  lánsè  ―  blue color
  2. indigo plant (Indigofera tinctoria)
  3. (politics) related to the pro-unification pan-Blue coalition of Taiwan
  4. (HK politics) supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government
    Antonym: 黃 / 黄 (huáng)
  5. (literary) Short for 伽藍／伽蓝 (qiélán, “Buddhist temple”).
    名藍／名蓝  ―  mínglán  ―  (please add an English translation of this usage example)
  6. a surname: Lan
    藍玉／蓝玉  ―  Lán Yù  ―  Lan Yu (Ming dynasty general)

Synonyms

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See also

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  • (supportive of the Hong Kong Police Force and the Hong Kong government) 藍絲／蓝丝 (lánsī)

Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (藍):
  • → Japanese: 藍(らん) (ran)
  • → Korean: 람(藍) (ram)
  • → Vietnamese: lam (藍)

Others:

Compounds

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Japanese

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Kanji

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藍

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
  2. the color indigo
  3. kanji used to transliterate Buddhist terms borrowed from Sanskrit

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology

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Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
藍 (ai): the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria.
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja
English Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia
藍 (ai): the color indigo.
Kanji in this term
藍
あい
Grade: S
kun'yomi

/awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *awoy.

There are various theories regarding the ultimate derivation, all suggesting a relation to 青 (awo → ao, “blue”):

  • May be an alteration from 青色 (awoiro → aoiro):
    ⟨awoiro2⟩ → /awoirə/ → /awɨrə/ → /airo/ → /ai/
  • May be a fusion of 青 (awo → ao) and い (i, emphatic particle)[1]
    */awo i/ → */awɨ/ → */awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/
  • May be derived from a compound of 青 (awo → ao) +‎ 居 (wi → i, “there is”), expressing the sense that the indigo plant contains the color blue:
    /awowi/ → */awːɨ/ → /awi/ → */aji/ → /ai/

Pronunciation

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Noun

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藍(あい) or 藍(アイ) • (ai) ←あゐ (awi) or アヰ (awi)?

  1. the Japanese indigo or Chinese indigo plant, Persicaria tinctoria
    Synonyms: 藍蓼 (aitade), 蓼藍 (tade-ai)
    Hypernym: 蓼 (tade)
  2. the color indigo, from the dye processed from the stems and leaves of various indigo plants
    Synonyms: 藍色 (aiiro, ranshoku), インジゴ (injigo), インディゴ (indigo)
  3. Short for 藍蝋 (airō): indigo pigment made from boiled-down indigo dye liquid

Usage notes

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As with many terms that name organisms, this term is often spelled in katakana, especially in biological contexts (where katakana is customary), as アイ.

Derived terms

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Derived terms

Proverbs

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Proper noun

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藍(あい) • (Ai) ←あゐ (Awi)?

  1. a female given name
  2. a surname

References

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  1. ^ Thomas Pellard (2013). Ryukyuan perspectives on the proto-Japonic vowel system. Frellesvig, Bjarke; Sells, Peter. Japanese/Korean Linguistics 20, CSLI Publications, pp.81–96, 2013.
  2. ^ Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  3. ^ NHK Broadcasting Culture Research Institute, editor (1998), NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 [NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary] (in Japanese), Tokyo: NHK Publishing, Inc., →ISBN
  4. ^ Kindaichi, Kyōsuke et al., editors (1997), 新明解国語辞典 [Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten] (in Japanese), Fifth edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  • Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

Further reading

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Korean

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Hanja

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藍 (eumhun 쪽 람 (jjok ram), word-initial (South Korea) 쪽 남 (jjok nam))

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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藍: Hán Nôm readings: lam, chàm, rôm, rườm, trôm, xám

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

References

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