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葛

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
葛 U+845B, 葛
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-845B
← 葚
[U+845A] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 葜 →
[U+845C]

Translingual

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Han character

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葛 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 廿日心女 (TAPV), four-corner 44727, composition ⿱艹曷)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1045, character 10
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31420
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1506, character 6
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3248, character 3
  • Unihan data for U+845B

Chinese

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trad. 葛
simp. # 葛
alternative forms 匂
Wikipedia has articles on:

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 葛
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (曷) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
愒 *kʰaːds, *kʰrads, *kʰrad
馤 *qaːds
靄 *qaːds, *qaːd
餲 *qraːds, *qrads, *ɡaːd, *qaːd
喝 *qraːds, *qʰoːb, *qʰaːd
揭 *kʰrads, *ked, *kʰrad, *ɡrad, *kad, *ɡad
偈 *ɡrads, *ɡrad
猲 *kʰob, *qʰaːd, *qʰad
葛 *kaːd
輵 *kaːd
獦 *klaːd, *rab
渴 *kʰaːd, *ɡrad
嵑 *kʰaːd
暍 *qʰaːd, *qad
曷 *ɡaːd
褐 *ɡaːd
鶡 *ɡaːd
毼 *ɡaːd
蝎 *ɡaːd
鞨 *ɡaːd, *ɢljad
遏 *qaːd
齃 *qaːd
堨 *qaːd
擖 *kʰreːd, *kraːd, *r'aːb
楬 *kʰraːd, *ɡrad, *ɡad
朅 *kʰrad
藒 *kʰrad
竭 *ɡrad, *ɡad
碣 *ɡrad, *ɡad
羯 *kad
鍻 *kad
歇 *qʰad
蠍 *qʰad
謁 *qad

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *kaːd) : semantic 艹 + phonetic 曷 (OC *ɡaːd).

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • gě - standard in surname sense;
  • gé - other senses.
Note:
  • kat - literary;
  • koah - vernacular.
Rime
Character 葛
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 見 (28)
Final (韻) 曷 (63)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) I
Fanqie 古達切
Baxter kat
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/kɑt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/kɑt̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/kɑt̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/kat̚/
Li
Rong 		/kɑt̚/
Wang
Li 		/kɑt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/kɑt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		ge
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		got3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 葛
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		gé
Middle
Chinese 		‹ kat ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[k]ˁat/
English Dolichos; kudzu

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葛
Reading # 1/1
No. 5022
Phonetic
component 		曷
Rime
group 		月
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		葛
Old
Chinese 		/*kaːd/

Definitions

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葛

  1. kudzu (Pueraria lobata)
  2. poplin; hemp cloth
  3. (～國) State of Ge (a small state in modern Henan province during the Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasties)
  4. a surname
    葛洪  ―  Gě Hóng  ―  Ge Hong (Eastern Jin Dynasty scholar)

Compounds

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Etymology 2

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From 個／个.

Pronunciation

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Definitions

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葛

  1. (dialectal Wu) this
  2. (Northern Wu, including Suzhounese) Alternative form of 個 / 个 (possessive particle)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 這 (“this”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 此, 斯, 是, 之, 茲 anteclassical, 夫, 爾
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 這
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 這
Taiwan 這
Chengde 這
Chifeng 這
Hulunbuir (Hailar) 這
Heihe 這
Qiqihar 這
Jiamusi 這
Baicheng 這
Changchun 這
Tonghua 這
Shenyang 這
Jinzhou 這
Malaysia 這
Singapore 這
Jilu Mandarin Tianjin 這
Tangshan 這
Cangzhou 這
Baoding 這
Shijiazhuang 這
Lijin 這
Jinan 這
Jiaoliao Mandarin Dalian 這
Dandong 這
Yantai 這
Qingdao 這
Zhucheng 這
Central Plains Mandarin Lingbao 這
Jining 這
Linfen 這
Shangqiu 這
Yuanyang 這
Zhengzhou 這
Xinyang 這
Baihe 這
Xi'an 這
Baoji 這
Tianshui 這
Xining 這
Xuzhou 這
Pizhou 這
Lianyungang (Ganyu) 這
Donghai 這
Fuyang 這
Lanyin Mandarin Yinchuan 這
Lanzhou 這
Dunhuang 這
Hami 這
Ürümqi 這
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 這
Nanchong 這
Dazhou 這
Hanyuan 這
Xichang 這
Zigong 這
Chongqing 這
Wuhan 這
Yichang 這
Tianmen 這
Guiyang 這
Zunyi 這
Bijie 這
Liping 這
Zhaotong 這
Dali 這
Kunming 這
Mengzi 這
Guilin 這
Liuzhou 這
Jishou 這
Changde 這
Hanzhong 這
Jianghuai Mandarin Nanjing 這
Yangzhou 這
Baoying 這
Taizhou 這
Zhenjiang 這
Lianyungang 這
Huai'an (Huaiyin) 這
Lianshui 這
Xuyi 這
Nantong 這
Rugao 這
Yancheng 這
Funing 這
Sihong 這
Wuhu 這
Hefei 這
Hong'an 這
Cantonese Guangzhou 呢, 依
Hong Kong 呢, 依
Macau 呢
Taishan 該
Dongguan 呢
Yangjiang 果
Nanning 阿
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 呢
Singapore (Guangfu) 呢, 依
Gan Nanchang 箇
Nanchang (Wangcheng) 箇
Anyi 箇
Lushan 箇
Duchang 箇
Wuning (Quankou) 該
Poyang 箇
Yugan 該
Wannian 該
Yanshan (Hekou) 這
Yichun 箇
Yifeng 箇
Gao'an 箇
Fengxin 箇
Shanggao 里
Wanzai 箇
Fengcheng 該
Xinyu 該
Fuzhou (Shangdundu) 該
Fuzhou (Dongxiang) 箇
Nancheng 箇
Nanfeng 箇
Yihuang 箇
Lichuan 該
Chongren 該
Pingxiang 該
Ji'an 蓋
Taihe 箇
Xiajiang 該
Yingtan (Yujiang) 箇
Guixi 箇
Jianning 個
Jinxian 箇
Jinxi 箇
Le'an 該
Guangchang 改
Suichuan 底
Wan'an 介
Jing'an 箇
Zhangshu 該
Xingan 個
Fenyi 改
Hakka Changting 爾
Ninghua 只
Qingliu 這
Yudu 底
Ningdu 底
Ruijin 底
Shicheng 底
Xunwu 底
Huichang 底
Xingguo 界
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 這
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 這
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 這
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 這
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 這
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 這
Hong Kong 這
Huizhou Jixi 爾
Shexian 這
Wuyuan 伊
Jin Taiyuan 這
Yangyuan 這
Datong 這
Xinzhou 這
Lüliang (Lishi) 這
Changzhi 這
Linhe 這
Jining 這
Hohhot 這
Erenhot 這
Pingshan 這
Zhangjiakou 這
Handan 這
Suide 這
Northern Min Jian'ou 𱕇
Eastern Min Fuzhou 只, 者, 嚽
Fuzhou (Changle) 這
Lianjiang 這
Fuqing 者
Pingtan 這
Yongtai 這
Minqing 這
Gutian 這
Pingnan 這
Luoyuan 這
Fu'an 這
Ningde 這
Xiapu 這
Zherong 這
Shouning 這
Zhouning 這
Fuding 這
Singapore (Fuqing) 這
Southern Min Xiamen 這
Xiamen (Tong'an) 這
Quanzhou 只, 這
Jinjiang 這
Nan'an 這
Shishi 這
Hui'an 這
Anxi 這
Yongchun 這
Dehua 這
Zhangzhou 這
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 這
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 這
Hua'an 這
Nanjing 這
Pinghe 這
Zhangpu 這
Yunxiao 這
Zhao'an 只
Dongshan 這
Taipei 這
Kinmen 這
Penang (Hokkien) 這
Singapore (Hokkien) 這
Manila (Hokkien) 這
Longyan 迄好
Zhangping 這
Chaozhou 只
Shantou 只
Jieyang 只
Haifeng 只
Singapore (Teochew) 只
Batam (Teochew) 只
Wenchang 這
Haikou 這
Singapore (Hainanese) 這
Puxian Min Putian 只蜀
Xianyou 只蜀
Central Min Yong'an 這
Sanming (Shaxian) 這
Shaojiang Min Guangze 當
Jiangle 者
Mingxi 只
Shunchang 這
Southern Pinghua Nanning (Tingzi) 亞
Shehua Cangnan 這
Jingning (Hexi) 個
Wu Shanghai 搿, 迭 dated, 第 obsolete
Shanghai (Songjiang) 搿
Shanghai (Fengxian) 格
Shanghai (Jinshan) 格
Shanghai (Chongming) 吉, 講, 葛 also that
Suzhou 該, 搿
Suzhou (Shengze, Wujiang) 個
Wuxi 意
Changshu 俚
Jiaxing 葛
Jiashan 葛
Pinghu 葛
Haining (Yanguan) 葛
Tongxiang 葛
Haiyan 葛
Changzhou 資
Danyang 格
Nanjing (Gaochun) 格
Huzhou 格
Changxing 格
Anji 格
Deqing 葛
Hangzhou 葛
Hangzhou (Yuhang) 葛
Hangzhou (Lin'an) 葛
Hangzhou (Fuyang) 葛
Tonglu 葛
Tonglu (Wusheng) 個個
Shaoxing 咸
Zhuji 咸
Shengzhou 咸
Xinchang 咸
Ningbo 葛
Ningbo (Zhenhai) 葛
Yuyao 耶
Cixi 葛
Taizhou (Huangyan) 葛
Tiantai 葛
Sanmen 葛
Wenling 葛, 格
Wenzhou 個
Yueqing 個
Yongjia (Fenglin) 個
Rui'an 個
Pingyang 個
Taishun 這
Wencheng 個
Lishui 已
Qingtian 已
Jinyun 已
Songyang (Xiping) 益
Yunhe 益
Qingyuan 這
Longquan 搭
Suichang 益
Jiangshan 益
Changshan 益
Kaihua 益
Longyou 個
Jinhua 等, 待
Yiwu 吾
Yongkang 個
Pujiang 這, 吉
Dongyang 個
Wuyi 愛個
Lanxi 個
Shangrao 這
Shangrao (Guangfeng) 伊
Yushan 伊
Xiang Changsha 咯
Shuangfeng 咯

Japanese

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Kanji

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葛

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
葛
かずら
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Alternative spelling
蔓

⟨kadura⟩ → /kad͡zuɾa/ → /kazuɾa/

From Old Japanese, from Proto-Japonic *kantura. Cognate with Okinawan 葛 (kanda).

Pronunciation

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Noun

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葛(かずら) • (kazura) ←かづら (kadura)?

  1. creepers or creeping plants
  2. (architecture) the level material on to which the foundations of a structure are lain
  3. the hoop of a barrel or other cylindrical object
  4. a type of fishing net
Derived terms
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Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
葛
くず
Grade: S
kun'yomi
Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
Wikipedia ja

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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葛(くず) or 葛(クズ) • (kuzu) 

  1. Japanese arrowroot (Pueraria montana)
  2. Short for 葛粉 (kuzuko): starch made from pounded kudzu root
  3. Short for 葛溜まり (kuzudamari) or 葛餡 (kuzuan): a sweet sauce made from kudzu starch
  4. Short for 葛布 (kuzununo/kuzufu): cloth made from kudzu fiber
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • → English: kudzu

Etymology 3

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Kanji in this term
葛
つづら
Grade: S
kun'yomi

⟨tudura⟩ → /t͡sud͡zuɾa/ → /t͡suzuɾa/

From Old Japanese.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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葛(つづら) or 葛(ツヅラ) • (tsuzura) ←つづら (tudura)?

  1. Short for 葛藤 (tsuzurafuji): Chinese moonseed (Sinomenium acutum​)
  2. Short for 葛籠 (tsuzurako): a wicker basket used for holding clothes
  3. Short for 葛折り (tsuzuraori): something winding or zigzaggy, especially a road at a hill-slope
  4. a style of 襲の色目 (kasane no irome, “color combination by layering of garments”), of bluish black over light (or pale) blue
Derived terms
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Etymology 4

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Kanji in this term
葛
かつ
Grade: S
kan'on

From Middle Chinese 葛 (MC kat).

Affix

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葛(かつ) • (katsu) 

  1. creeper
  2. cloth made from kudzu fibers
Derived terms
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Korean

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Etymology

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From Middle Chinese 葛 (MC kat).

Hanja

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葛 (eumhun 칡 갈 (chik gal))

  1. hanja form? of 갈 (“arrowroot, kudzu”)

Compounds

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References

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  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [1]

Miyako

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Kanji

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葛

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
葛
くずぃ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Cognate with Yaeyama 葛 (kuzï), Okinawan 葛 (kuji), and Japanese 葛 (kuzu).

Perhaps from Proto-Ryukyuan *kozu, itself from Proto-Japonic *konsu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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葛(くずぃ) (kudzï) 

  1. Japanese arrowroot (Pueraria montana)

Okinawan

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Kanji

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葛

(Jōyō kanji)

Readings

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Etymology

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Kanji in this term
葛
くじ
Grade: S
kun'yomi

Perhaps from Proto-Ryukyuan *kozu.

Pronunciation

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Noun

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葛(くじ) (kuji) 

  1. Short for 葛粉 (kujikū): starch made from pounded kudzu root

Derived terms

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References

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  1. ^ Kokuritsu Kokugo Kenkyūjo (国立国語研究所) (1963) 沖縄語辞典 (Okinawa-go Jiten) [Dictionary of the Okinawan Language] (in Japanese), Tokyo (東京): Okurashō Insatsu Kyoku (財務省印刷局)

Old Japanese

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Compounds

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Etymology 1

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Possibly from Proto-Japonic *kantura.

Noun

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葛 (kadura) (kana かづら)

  1. a creeper, creeping plant
Derived terms
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Descendants
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Etymology 2

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From Proto-Japonic *konsu.

Noun

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葛 (kuzu) (kana くず)

  1. Japanese arrowroot (Pueraria montana)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Japanese: 葛 (kuzu)

Etymology 3

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This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.
Particularly: “Cognate with verb 續く (tuduku, “to continue”)?”

Noun

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葛 (tudura) (kana つづら)

  1. any climbing plant or vine, such as Chinese moonseed (Sinomenium acutum​)
Derived terms
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Descendants
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  • Japanese: 葛 (tsuzura)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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葛: Hán Nôm readings: cát, nhật

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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