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葉

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 叶, 頁, and 页
葉 U+8449, 葉
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8449
← 葈
[U+8448] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 葊 →
[U+844A]

葉 U+F96E, 葉
CJK COMPATIBILITY IDEOGRAPH-F96E
← 省
[U+F96D] 		CJK Compatibility Ideographs 說 →
[U+F96F]

Translingual

[edit]
Stroke order
Japan

Han character

[edit]

葉 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+9, 12 (Japan), 13 (traditional Chinese) strokes, cangjie input 廿心廿木 (TPTD), four-corner 44904, composition ⿱艹枼)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 1044, character 3
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 31387
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1504, character 18
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3243, character 15
  • Unihan data for U+8449

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 葉
simp. 叶*

Glyph origin

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Characters in the same phonetic series (世) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
貰 *ɦljebs, *hljebs
跇 *l̥ʰebs, *lebs
迣 *ʔljebs
世 *hljebs
泄 *lebs, *sled
枻 *lebs
詍 *lebs
靾 *lebs
袣 *lebs
抴 *lebs, *led
呭 *lebs
勩 *lebs, *libs
屜 *l̥ʰeːbs
鰈 *l̥ʰaːb, *l'eːb
渫 *zreːb, *sled
煠 *zreːb, *l̥ʰeb, *leb
喋 *rlaːb, *ʔl'eːb, *l'eːb
鞢 *rlaːb, *sleːb
殜 *l'eb, *leb, *lab
葉 *hljeb, *leb
弽 *hljeb, *hleːb
韘 *hljeb, *sleːb
枼 *leb
楪 *leb
揲 *leb, *l'eːb, *ɦljed
鍱 *leb
偞 *leb, *hleːb
蝶 *l̥ʰeːb, *l'eːb
牒 *l'eːb
蹀 *l'eːb
諜 *l'eːb
堞 *l'eːb
牃 *l'eːb
褋 *l'eːb
惵 *l'eːb
碟 *l'eːb
屧 *sleːb
屟 *sleːb
紲 *sled
齛 *sled
疶 *sled
緤 *sled
媟 *sled

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *hljeb, *leb) : semantic 艸 (“grass”) + phonetic 枼 (OC *leb, “flat”).

Possibly also ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) with 枼 (“leaf”) also acting as a semantic component.

Etymology 1

[edit]
Wikipedia has articles on:
  • 葉 (Written Standard Chinese?)
  • 葉 (Cantonese)
  • 叶 (Wu)

From Proto-Sino-Tibetan *s-lap (“leaf”). Cognate with Tibetan ལོ་མ (lo ma, “leaf”), Western Tibetan ལོབ་མ (lob ma, “leaf”), Jingpho lap (“leaf”). Related to 世 (OC *hljebs, “world”).

This is part of the word family *lVp meaning “flat”, represented by the phonetic component 枼 (OC *leb). Compare also 茶 (OC *rlaː, “tea < *leaf”).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note: yiap5 - surname.
Note:
  • iab8 - surname (Chaozhou, Shantou);
  • iag8 - surname (Chenghai).
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 葉
Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
Tianjin /ie⁵³/
Jinan /iə²¹/
Qingdao /iə⁴²/
Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
Xining /i⁴⁴/
Yinchuan /ie¹³/
Lanzhou /iə¹³/
Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
Wuhan /ie²¹³/
Chengdu /ie³¹/
Guiyang /ie²¹/
Kunming /iɛ³¹/
Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
Hui Shexian /ie²²/
Tunxi /ia¹¹/
Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
Nanning /jip̚²²/
Hong Kong /jip̚²/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iap̚⁵/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ieʔ⁵/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sia⁴²/
/xiɛ²⁴/
Shantou (Teochew) /iap̚⁵/
/hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
Haikou (Hainanese) /iap̚³/ 姓
/hio³³/ 訓箬
Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 葉 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 與涉切
Baxter yep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/jæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jiap̚/
Li
Rong 		/iɛp̚/
Wang
Li 		/jĭɛp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yè
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jip6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yè
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yep ›
Old
Chinese 		/*l[a]p/
English leaf

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
No. 11561
Phonetic
component 		世
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		葉
Old
Chinese 		/*leb/

Definitions

[edit]

葉

  1. leaf; petal (Classifier: 塊／块 c; 片 c)
    紅葉／红叶  ―  hóngyè  ―  red autumn leaves
  2. era; epoch
    十九世紀中後葉／十九世纪中后叶  ―  shíjiǔ shìjì zhōng hòu yè  ―  middle and late 19th century
  3. leaf-like thing
    肺葉／肺叶  ―  fèiyè  ―  lobe of the lung
    百葉窗／百叶窗  ―  bǎiyèchuāng  ―  Venetian blinds
  4. Classifier for small boats.
    一葉扁舟／一叶扁舟  ―  yī yè piānzhōu  ―  a tiny boat
  5. Alternative form of 頁 / 页 (“page”)
  6. a surname
    葉飛／叶飞  ―  Yè Fēi  ―  Ye Fei (Chinese military general and politician of the People's Republic of China)
Synonyms
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Dialectal synonyms of 葉子 (“leaf”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Classical Chinese 葉
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 葉, 葉子
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 葉子, 葉兒
Taiwan 葉子
Singapore 葉子
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 葉兒, 葉子
Central Plains Mandarin Wanrong 葉子
Xi'an 葉子, 葉葉兒
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 葉子
Wuhan 葉子
Guiyang 葉子
Guilin 葉子
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 葉子
Hefei 葉子
Cantonese Guangzhou 葉
Hong Kong 葉
Taishan 葉
Yangjiang 葉
Singapore (Guangfu) 葉
Gan Nanchang 葉子
Jianning 葉
Taining 箬
Hakka Meixian 葉仔
Pinghe (Jiufeng) 葉
Changting 葉哩
Shanghang 葉哩
Longyan (Yongding) 葉子
Wuping 葉子
Liancheng 葉
Ninghua 葉子
Qingliu 葉哩
Miaoli (N. Sixian) 葉仔
Pingtung (Neipu; S. Sixian) 葉仔
Hsinchu County (Zhudong; Hailu) 葉仔
Taichung (Dongshi; Dabu) 葉
Hsinchu County (Qionglin; Raoping) 葉仔, 葉
Yunlin (Lunbei; Zhao'an) 葉
Jin Taiyuan 葉子
Northern Min Jian'ou 箬, 箬仔
Songxi 箬
Zhenghe 箬
Jianyang 箬
Jianyang (Huangkeng) 箬
Wuyishan 箬
Eastern Min Fuzhou 箬, 箬箬
Fuzhou (Changle) 箬
Lianjiang 箬
Fuqing 箬
Pingtan 箬
Yongtai 箬
Minqing 箬
Gutian 箬
Pingnan 箬
Luoyuan 箬
Fu'an 箬
Ningde 箬
Xiapu 箬
Zherong 箬
Shouning 箬
Zhouning 箬
Fuding 箬
Matsu 箬箬
Southern Min Xiamen 箬, 箬仔
Xiamen (Tong'an) 箬仔
Quanzhou 箬, 箬仔
Jinjiang 箬仔
Nan'an 箬仔
Shishi 箬仔
Hui'an 箬仔
Anxi 箬仔
Yongchun 箬仔
Dehua 箬
Zhangzhou 箬, 箬仔
Zhangzhou (Longhai) 箬
Zhangzhou (Changtai) 箬仔
Hua'an 箬仔
Nanjing 箬仔
Pinghe 箬仔
Zhangpu 箬仔
Yunxiao 箬
Zhao'an 箬
Dongshan 箬
Taipei 箬仔
Kaohsiung 箬仔
Taichung (Wuqi) 箬仔
Tainan 箬仔
Kinmen 箬仔
Penang (Hokkien) 箬
Singapore (Hokkien) 箬
Manila (Hokkien) 箬
Longyan 箬
Zhangping 箬
Datian 箬
Chaozhou 箬
Jieyang 箬
Singapore (Teochew) 箬
Leizhou 箬
Haikou 箬
Singapore (Hainanese) 箬
Puxian Min Putian 箬
Xianyou 箬
Central Min Yong'an 箬
Sanming (Sanyuan) 箬
Sanming (Shaxian) 箬
Shaojiang Min Shaowu 箬
Guangze 箬
Jiangle 箬
Mingxi 箬
Shunchang 箬
Zhongshan Min Zhongshan (Longdu, Shaxi) 箬
Wu Shanghai 葉子
Shanghai (Chongming) 葉子
Suzhou 葉子
Danyang 葉子
Ningbo 葉爿
Wenzhou 葉
Pucheng 箬
Xiang Changsha 葉子
Shuangfeng 葉子
Descendants
[edit]
  • → English: Ye, Yeh, Yip, Ip, Yap, Yeap
  • → Tagalog: Yap

Compounds

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Etymology 2

[edit]
Wikipedia has articles on:

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 葉
Reading # 2/2
Initial (聲) 書 (26)
Final (韻) 葉 (155)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 書涉切
Baxter syep
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ɕiᴇp̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ɕiɛp̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/ɕjæp̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ɕiap̚/
Li
Rong 		/ɕiɛp̚/
Wang
Li 		/ɕĭɛp̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ɕi̯ɛp̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		she
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		sip3
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 葉
Reading # 1/2
No. 11557
Phonetic
component 		世
Rime
group 		盍
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		攝
Old
Chinese 		/*hljeb/

Definitions

[edit]

葉

  1. (～縣) Ye County, Henan, China
  2. a surname

Compounds

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Etymology 3

[edit]
Wikipedia has an article on:

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • hiêh8 - Chaozhou;
  • hioh8 - Shantou, Jieyang, Chaoyang.
    • Dialectal data
    Variety Location 葉
    Mandarin Beijing /iɛ⁵¹/
    Harbin /iɛ⁵³/
    Tianjin /ie⁵³/
    Jinan /iə²¹/
    Qingdao /iə⁴²/
    Zhengzhou /iɛ²⁴/
    Xi'an /iɛ²¹/
    Xining /i⁴⁴/
    Yinchuan /ie¹³/
    Lanzhou /iə¹³/
    Ürümqi /iɤ²¹³/
    Wuhan /ie²¹³/
    Chengdu /ie³¹/
    Guiyang /ie²¹/
    Kunming /iɛ³¹/
    Nanjing /ieʔ⁵/
    Hefei /iɐʔ⁵/
    Jin Taiyuan /iəʔ²/
    Pingyao /iʌʔ⁵³/
    Hohhot /iaʔ⁴³/
    Wu Shanghai /ɦiɪʔ¹/
    Suzhou /ɦiəʔ³/
    Hangzhou /ɦiəʔ²/
    Wenzhou /ji²¹³/
    Hui Shexian /ie²²/
    Tunxi /ia¹¹/
    Xiang Changsha /ie²⁴/
    Xiangtan /ie²⁴/
    Gan Nanchang /iɛʔ²/
    Hakka Meixian /iap̚⁵/
    Taoyuan /ʒɑp̚⁵⁵/
    Cantonese Guangzhou /jip̚²/
    Nanning /jip̚²²/
    Hong Kong /jip̚²/
    Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /iap̚⁵/
    Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /ieʔ⁵/
    Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡sia⁴²/
    /xiɛ²⁴/
    Shantou (Teochew) /iap̚⁵/
    /hioʔ⁵/ 訓讀
    Haikou (Hainanese) /iap̚³/ 姓
    /hio³³/ 訓箬

    Definitions

    [edit]

    葉

    1. (Min) Alternative form of 箬 (“leaf”)

    References

    [edit]

    Japanese

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    葉

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

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    Compounds

    [edit]
    Compounds

    Etymology 1

    [edit]
    Japanese Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia ja
    English Wikipedia has an article on:
    Wikipedia
    葉 (ha, yō): sunlight through leaves.
    Kanji in this term
    葉
    は
    Grade: 3
    kun'yomi

    /pa/ → /ɸa/ → /ha/

    From Old Japanese,[1] from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Probably cognate with Old Japanese verb 生ゆ (hayu, “to sprout, to grow”) → modern 生える (haeru), and with 羽 (ha, “feather; wing”).

    Suggested in some sources as possibly cognate with 歯 (ha, “tooth”) from the way that both sprout and then later fall,[2] and with 刃 (ha, “blade”) from similarities in shape (cf. English blade). However, the pitch accent patterns are different; 葉 and 羽 are both unaccented, while 歯 and 刃 are both accented. This may reflect two disparate *pa roots in the ancient language.

    First attested in the Kojiki of 712 CE with the phonetic spelling 波.[1]

    Cognate with Okinawan 葉 (fā).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    葉(は) • (ha)  (counter 枚)

    1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
    Synonyms
    [edit]

    Etymology 2

    [edit]
    Kanji in this term
    葉
    よう
    Grade: 3
    on'yomi

    /epu/ → /efu/ → /eu/ → /joː/

    From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC yep, “leaf”).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    葉(よう) • (yō) ←えふ (efu)?

    1. leaf, needle, blade (of a plant)
    2. a season, an age: a shorter period of time within a longer one
    3. an administration: the period of time during which a certain person holds a certain office

    Counter

    [edit]

    葉(よう) • (-yō) ←えふ (-efu)?

    1. (rare) counter for flat, thin things such as leaves or paper
    2. (by extension) counter for small boats

    References

    [edit]
    1. ↑ 1.0 1.1 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
    2. ^ “葉／は”, in 語源由来辞典 (Gogen Yurai Jiten, “Etymology Derivation Dictionary”) (in Japanese), 2003–2024.
    3. ↑ 3.0 3.1 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

    Korean

    [edit]

    Etymology 1

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC yep).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 엽〮 (Yale: yép)
    Middle Korean
    Text Eumhun
    Gloss (hun) Reading
    Hunmong Jahoe, 1527[2] 닙〮 (Yale: níp) 엽 (Yale: yep)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Hanja

    [edit]
    Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

    Wikisource

    葉 (eumhun 잎 엽 (ip yeop))

    1. hanja form? of 엽 (“leaf”) [affix]
    Compounds
    [edit]
    Compounds

    Etymology 2

    [edit]

    From Middle Chinese 葉 (MC syep).

    Historical Readings
    Dongguk Jeongun Reading
    Dongguk Jeongun, 1448 셥〮 (Yale: syép)

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Hanja

    [edit]

    葉 (eumhun 땅 이름 섭 (ttang ireum seop))

    1. hanja form? of 섭 (“A surname.”)

    References

    [edit]
    • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [3]

    Kunigami

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    葉

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    葉(ぱー) (phā) 

    1. leaf

    Miyako

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    葉

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    葉(ぱー) (pā) 

    1. leaf

    Okinawan

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    葉

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa. Cognate with mainland Japanese 葉 (ha).

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    葉(ふぁー) (fā) 

    1. leaf
      クロトンぬ葉(ふぁー)や色(いる)清(じゅ)らさぬ、いくちん集(あち)みてぃ植(っゐー)らっとーん。
      Kuroton-nu fā-ya iru jurasanu, ikuchin achimiti 'wīrattōn.
      (please add an English translation of this example)

    Compounds

    [edit]

    References

    [edit]
    • “ふぁー【葉】” in JLect - Japonic Languages and Dialects Database Dictionary, 2019.

    Vietnamese

    [edit]

    Han character

    [edit]

    葉: Hán Nôm readings: diệp, diếp, dợp, dớp, đẹp, giấp, giẹp, nhịp, riếp, dào

    1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

    Yaeyama

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    葉

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    葉(ぱー) (pā) 

    1. leaf

    Yonaguni

    [edit]

    Kanji

    [edit]
    葉

    (Third grade kyōiku kanji)

    Readings

    [edit]

    Etymology

    [edit]

    From Proto-Ryukyuan *pa, from Proto-Japonic *pa.

    Pronunciation

    [edit]

    Noun

    [edit]

    葉(はー) (hā) 

    1. leaf
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