茨

茨	U+8328, 茨 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-8328

Translingual

Han character

茨 (Kangxi radical 140, 艸+6, 10 strokes in traditional Chinese and Korean, 9 strokes in mainland China and Japanese, cangjie input 廿戈一人 (TIMO) or 廿一一人 (TMMO), four-corner 4418₂, composition ⿱艹次)

References

Kangxi Dictionary: page 1028, character 13
Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 30896
Dae Jaweon: page 1487, character 13
Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3208, character 6
Unihan data for U+8328

Chinese

trad.		茨
simp. ^#		茨

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 茨
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)	Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script	Transcribed ancient scripts

Characters in the same phonetic series (次) (Zhengzhang, 2003)

	Old Chinese
咨	*ʔsli
資	*ʔsli
姿	*ʔsli
粢	*ʔsli
諮	*ʔsli
恣	*ʔslis
澬	ʔsli, zli
趑	*sʰli
蠀	*sʰli
次	*sn̥ʰis
佽	*sl̥ʰis
絘	*sl̥ʰis
薋	*zli
瓷	*zli
茨	*zli
餈	*zli
垐	zli, zlɯɡ
楶	*ʔsliːɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *zli) : semantic 艸 + phonetic 次 (OC *sn̥ʰis).

Etymology 1

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): cí (ci²)

(Zhuyin): ㄘˊ
Cantonese (Jyutping): ci⁴
Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ce⁵

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Hanyu Pinyin: cí
  - Zhuyin: ㄘˊ
  - Tongyong Pinyin: cíh
  - Wade–Giles: tzʻŭ²
  - Yale: tsź
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: tsyr
  - Palladius: цы (cy)
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰz̩³⁵/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
  - Jyutping: ci⁴
  - Yale: chìh
  - Cantonese Pinyin: tsi⁴
  - Guangdong Romanization: qi⁴
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰiː²¹/
Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ce⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tshṳ̂
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sʰɯ⁵⁵/

Middle Chinese: dzij

Rime
Character	茨
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	從 (15)
Final (韻)	脂 (15)
Tone (調)	Level (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	疾資切
Baxter	dzij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/d͡ziɪ/
Pan Wuyun	/d͡zi/
Shao Rongfen	/d͡zjɪ/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/d͡zi/
Li Rong	/d͡zi/
Wang Li	/d͡zi/
Bernhard Karlgren	/d͡zʱi/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	cí
Expected Cantonese Reflex	ci⁴

Old Chinese
(Zhengzhang): /*zli/

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	茨
Reading #	1/1
No.	1800
Phonetic component	次
Rime group	脂
Rime subdivision	2
Corresponding MC rime	茨
Old Chinese	/*zli/

Definitions

茨

caltrop, puncture vine, Tribulus terrestris
Misspelling of 莰 (kǎn).

Compounds

Etymology 2

Pronunciation

Southern Min (Teochew, Peng'im): ze⁵

Southern Min
- (Teochew)
  - Peng'im: ze⁵
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: tsṳ̂
  - Sinological IPA ^(key): /t͡sɯ⁵⁵/

Definitions

茨

(Teochew) Alternative form of 薯 (“potato, sweet potato and yam”)

Japanese

茨 (*ibara*, *ubara*, *umara*, *mubara*): a **thorny shrub**.

Kanji

茨

(Fourth grade kyōiku kanji)

briar, bramble

Readings

Go-on: じ (ji)
Kan-on: し (shi)
Kun: いばら (ibara, 茨, Jōyō ^†)、うばら (ubara, 茨)、うまら (umara, 茨)、むばら (mubara, 茨)
Nanori: あし (ashi)、えばら (ebara)、ばら (bara)、まつ (matsu)、まん (man)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
茨
いばら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spellings
荊棘

/ubara/ → /ibara/

Sound shift from Old Japanese ubara (see below).^[1] Now the modern version of this term.

Pronunciation

(Tokyo) いばら [ìbárá] (Heiban – [0])^[2]
IPA^(key): [iba̠ɾa̠]

Noun

茨(いばら) • (ibara)

a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
Synonyms: 刺 (toge), 棘 (toge), 針 (hari), 鍼 (hari)
- 1999 May 27, “魔(ま)界(かい)のイバラ [Thorns of the Demon World]”, in Vol.3, Konami:
  
  魔(ま)界(かい)に生(せい)息(そく)するイバラ。無(む)理(り)に通(とお)ろうとする者(もの)にからみつく。
  Makai ni seisoku suru ibara. Muri ni tōrō to suru mono ni karamitsuku.
  A thorny plant that grows in the demon world. It constricts any unwary passerby.
(regional, chiefly Kansai) a thorn on a plant
general name for wild roses
(figurative) suffering, hardship, distress
(architecture, construction) the point where two curved lines come together, such as the tip of a cusped gable
(historical, slang) during the Edo period, a downmarket prostitute
Synonym: 端女郎 (hashijorou)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
茨
うばら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.^[1]^[2] Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.^[3]

Appears alongside the umara form (see below), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.

Superseded by ibara above.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [ɯ̟ba̠ɾa̠]

Noun

茨(うばら) • (ubara)

(archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
(archaic) general name for wild roses

Derived terms

薔薇(ばら) (bara)

Etymology 3

Kanji in this term
茨
うまら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

From Old Japanese.^[1]^[2] Used in the Man'yōshū, completed some time after 759 CE.^[4]

Appears alongside the ubara form (see above), suggesting possible prenasalization, perhaps realized as */umbara/.

Superseded by ibara above.

Noun

茨(うまら) • (umara)

(archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
- 794, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki, page 47:
  翹棘翹尅音交訓久波多川棘音里訓宇末良
  (please add an English translation of this quotation)
(archaic) general name for wild roses

Etymology 4

Kanji in this term
茨
むばら Grade: 4
kun'yomi

Alternative spelling
荊

Appears in the Heian period,^[1] apparently as a shift from ubara. Used in The Tales of Ise dating to the early 900s CE.^[2]

Considering the earlier free alternation between ubara and umara, suggesting a possible prenasalized pronunciation such as */umbara/, this mubara may have arisen from an alternative spelling to clarify nasalization. Old Japanese orthography had no unambiguous means of specifying the nasal coda consonant ん (n), using む (mu) instead. In fact, the modern kana ん (n) developed from a hentaigana form of む (mu).

Superseded by ibara above.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): [mɯ̟ba̠ɾa̠]

Noun

茨(むばら) • (mubara)

(archaic) a thorny bush or shrub: a briar, a bramble
(archaic) general name for wild roses

References

↑ ^1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN
↑ ^2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN
^
c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3832:
, text here
^
c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4352:
, text here

Unknown (794) Yoshinori Kobayashi, editor, Shin'yaku Kegonkyō Ongi Shiki (Kojisho Ongi Shūsei) (in Japanese), volume 1, Kyūko Shoin, published 1978, →ISBN.

Korean

Hanja

茨 • (ja) (hangeul 자, revised ja, McCune–Reischauer cha, Yale ca)

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

Han character

茨: Hán Nôm readings: tỳ, tì

This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

[KDJ-1] 1.0 ^1.1 ^1.2 ^1.3 Shōgaku Tosho (1988) 国語大辞典（新装版） [Unabridged Dictionary of Japanese (Revised Edition)] (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, →ISBN

[DJR-2] 2.0 ^2.1 ^2.2 ^2.3 Matsumura, Akira, editor (2006), 大辞林 [Daijirin] (in Japanese), Third edition, Tokyo: Sanseidō, →ISBN

[3] 
c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 16, poem 3832:
, text here

[4] 
c. 759, Man’yōshū, book 20, poem 4352:
, text here

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