Jump to content

羨

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 羡
羨 U+7FA8, 羨
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7FA8
← 羧
[U+7FA7] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 義 →
[U+7FA9]

Translingual

[edit]

Han character

[edit]

羨 (Kangxi radical 123, 羊+7, 13 strokes, cangjie input 廿土水弓人 (TGENO), four-corner 80182, composition ⿱𦍌㳄)

Derived characters

[edit]

References

[edit]
  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 952, character 31
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 28503
  • Dae Jaweon: page 1396, character 25
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 5, page 3134, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+7FA8

Chinese

[edit]
trad. 羨/羡*
simp. 羡*

Glyph origin

[edit]

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 羊 (“sheep”) + 㳄 (“saliva”) – to envy.

羊 may be interpreted as a beautiful sheep or good mutton (cf. 美 “beautiful” and 善 “good”).

The Kangxi Dictionary, following 《佩觿》, enters the word in etymology 2 as 羡, separating it from 羨 (etymology 1). This is also followed by dictionaries such as Hanyu Da Cidian and Dai Kan-Wa Jiten, but Zhongwen Da Cidian disagrees with this treatment. (Hanyu Da Zidian regards 羡 as the main form of all pronunciations.) According to 《說文解字羣經正字》:

羨，貪欲也，今經典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羨、羡爲二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羨，似面翻，慕也。非也，字書無从次之字，惟一字而數音耳。 [Classical Chinese, trad.]
羡，贪欲也，今经典往往作羡。郭忠恕《佩觿》分羡、羡为二字。羡，以脂翻，江夏地名；羡，似面翻，慕也。非也，字书无从次之字，惟一字而数音耳。 [Classical Chinese, simp.]
From: 《說文解字羣經正字》, quoted from Zhongwen Da Cidian
羨 (Xiàn), tānyù yě, jīn jīngdiǎn wǎngwǎng zuò 羡. Guō Zhōngshù “Pèixī” fēn 羨 (xiàn), 羡 (yí) wéi èr zì. Yí, yǐ zhī fān, Jiāngxià dìmíng; xiàn, sì miàn fān, mù yě. Fēi yě, zìshū wú cóng 次 (cì) zhī zì, wéi yī zì ér shù yīn ěr. [Pinyin]
羨, meaning "to covet", is now frequently written as 羡 in the classics. Guo Zhongshu's Peixi distinguishes 羨 and 羡 as separate characters. 羡, fanqie 以脂, name of a place in Jiangxia. 羨, fanqie 似面, to desire. This is not the case. There's no such character with the 次 element in character dictionaries. There is only one character but several pronunciations.

Etymology 1

[edit]

Possibly related to 餘 (OC *la, “surplus”) (Wang, 1982).

Pronunciation

[edit]
Note:
  • Xiamen, Zhangzhou:
    • siān - literary;
    • soān - vernacular.
  • surname:
    • siān - Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou;
    • soān - Zhangzhou;
    • soan - Taiwan.
Note:
  • iang6 - Shantou;
  • iêng6 - Chaozhou.
Rime
Character 羨
Reading # 2/3
Initial (聲) 邪 (17)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 似面切
Baxter zjenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/ziᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ziɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/zjænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/zianH/
Li
Rong 		/ziɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/zĭɛnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/zi̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		xiàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zin6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 羨 羨
Reading # 1/3 2/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		xiàn xiàn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ zjenH › ‹ zjenH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*s-N-qa[r]-s/ /*s-[ɢ]a[n]-s/
English covet, desire surplus, affluence

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 羨
Reading # 2/3
No. 13574
Phonetic
component 		羨
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime 		羡
Old
Chinese 		/*ljans/
Notes 㳄字轉註

Definitions

[edit]

羨

  1. to envy; to admire
  2. (literary) surplus
  3. (literary) to exceed
  4. (obsolete) crooked; evil
  5. 10th tetragram of the Taixuanjing (𝌏)
  6. a surname

Compounds

[edit]

Etymology 2

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 羨
Reading # 1/3
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 以脂切
Baxter yij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ji/
Shao
Rongfen 		/jɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ji/
Li
Rong 		/i/
Wang
Li 		/ji/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		ji4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 羨
Reading # 1/3
No. 13573
Phonetic
component 		羨
Rime
group 		歌
Rime
subdivision 		3
Corresponding
MC rime 		姨
Old
Chinese 		/*lel/
Notes 沙羨漢縣

Definitions

[edit]

羨

  1. Only used in 沙羨／沙羡 (“Shayi (county)”).

Etymology 3

[edit]

Pronunciation

[edit]
Rime
Character 羨
Reading # 3/3
Initial (聲) 以 (36)
Final (韻) 仙 (77)
Tone (調) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 于線切
Baxter yenH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/jiᴇnH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/jiɛnH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/jænH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/jianH/
Li
Rong 		/iɛnH/
Wang
Li 		/jĭɛnH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/i̯ɛnH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		yàn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		jin6
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 羨
Reading # 3/3
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		yán
Middle
Chinese 		‹ yen ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ɢ]a[n]/
English extend; go forward

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 羨
Reading # 3/3
No. 13575
Phonetic
component 		羨
Rime
group 		元
Rime
subdivision 		1
Corresponding
MC rime
Old
Chinese 		/*lans/
Notes 予原作於，依唐韻改

Definitions

[edit]

羨

  1. Alternative form of 延 (yán, “to invite; to engage”)
  2. Alternative form of 埏 (“tomb passage”)

References

[edit]

Japanese

[edit]

Kanji

[edit]
羨

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Readings

[edit]

Compounds

[edit]

Korean

[edit]

Etymology 1

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC zjenH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]
  • (SK Standard/Seoul) IPA(key): [sʰɘ(ː)n]
  • Phonetic hangul: [선(ː)]
    • Though still prescribed in Standard Korean, most speakers in both Koreas no longer distinguish vowel length.

Hanja

[edit]
Korean Wikisource has texts containing the hanja:

Wikisource

羨 (eumhun 부러워할 선 (bureowohal seon))

  1. hanja form? of 선 (“envy; envious”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

Etymology 2

[edit]

From Middle Chinese 羨 (MC yenH).

Historical readings

Pronunciation

[edit]

Hanja

[edit]

羨 (eumhun 무덤길 연 (mudeomgil yeon))

  1. hanja form? of 연 (“road to a grave”)

Compounds

[edit]
Compounds

References

[edit]
  • 국제퇴계학회 대구경북지부 (國際退溪學會 大邱慶北支部) (2007). Digital Hanja Dictionary, 전자사전／電子字典. [2]
Retrieved from "https://en.wiktionary.org/w/index.php?title=羨&oldid=80855074"