睦

睦 U+7766, 睦 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-7766 ← 睥 [U+7765] CJK Unified Ideographs 睧 → [U+7767]

Translingual

Han character

睦 (Kangxi radical 109, 目+8, 13 strokes, cangjie input 月山土金土 (BUGCG), four-corner 6401₄, composition ⿰目坴)

1. friendly, amiable, peaceful

Derived characters

• 𬞝

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 811, character 3
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 23460
• Dae Jaweon: page 1226, character 3
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 4, page 2494, character 4
• Unihan data for U+7766

Chinese

trad.		睦
simp. #		睦
alternative forms		𡍬 𡐑 𥄈 𡻲

Glyph origin

Historical forms of the character 睦
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han)
Small seal script

Characters in the same phonetic series (坴) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 

	Old Chinese
睦	*mluɡ
坴	*m·ruɡ
陸	*m·ruɡ
稑	*ruɡ
鵱	*ruɡ
鯥	*ruɡ
淕	*ruɡ
踛	*ruɡ

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声, OC *mluɡ) : semantic 目 (“eyes”) + phonetic 坴 (OC *m·ruɡ).

Etymology

(This etymology is missing or incomplete. Please add to it, or discuss it at the Etymology scriptorium.)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): mù (mu⁴)

  (Zhuyin): ㄇㄨˋ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): muk⁶
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): mu̍k
• Eastern Min (BUC): mŭk
• Puxian Min (Pouseng Ping'ing): borh⁷
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): bo̍k

  (Teochew, Peng'im): mog⁸

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: mù
    • Zhuyin: ㄇㄨˋ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: mù
    • Wade–Giles: mu⁴
    • Yale: mù
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: muh
    • Palladius: му (mu)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mu⁵¹/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: muk⁶
    • Yale: muhk
    • Cantonese Pinyin: muk⁹
    • Guangdong Romanization: mug⁶
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mʊk̚²/
• Hakka
  • (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: mu̍k
    • Hakka Romanization System: mug
    • Hagfa Pinyim: mug⁶
    • Sinological IPA: /muk̚⁵/
• Eastern Min
  • (Fuzhou)
    • Bàng-uâ-cê: mŭk
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /muʔ⁵/
• Puxian Min
  • (Putian)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ⁴/
  • (Xianyou)
    • Pouseng Ping'ing: borh⁷
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /pɒʔ²⁴/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bo̍k
    • Tâi-lô: bo̍k
    • Phofsit Daibuun: bok
    • IPA (Xiamen): /bɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /bɔk̚²⁴/
    • IPA (Zhangzhou): /bɔk̚¹²¹/
    • IPA (Taipei): /bɔk̚⁴/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /bɔk̚⁴/
  • (Teochew)
    • Peng'im: mog⁸
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mo̍k
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /mok̚⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: mjuwk

Rime
Character	睦
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	明 (4)
Final (韻)	屋 (4)
Tone (調)	Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	莫六切
Baxter	mjuwk
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/mɨuk̚/
Pan Wuyun	/miuk̚/
Shao Rongfen	/miuk̚/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/muwk̚/
Li Rong	/miuk̚/
Wang Li	/mĭuk̚/
Bernhard Karlgren	/mi̯uk̚/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	mù
Expected Cantonese Reflex	muk6

• Old Chinese

  (Baxter–Sagart): /*mr[uk]/

  (Zhengzhang): /*mluɡ/

Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character	睦
Reading #	1/1
Modern Beijing (Pinyin)	mù
Middle Chinese	‹ mjuwk ›
Old Chinese	/*mr[uk]/
English	concord
Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system: * Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence; * Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p; * Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix; * Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary; * Period "." indicates syllable boundary.

Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character	睦
Reading #	1/1
No.	8531
Phonetic component	坴
Rime group	幽
Rime subdivision	1
Corresponding MC rime	目
Old Chinese	/*mluɡ/
Notes	古文從囧圥聲

Definitions

睦

1. harmonious

Compounds

• 一睦
• 上和下睦
• 不睦
• 修睦
• 內睦 / 内睦
• 協睦 / 协睦
• 友睦
• 和睦 (hémù)
• 孝睦
• 平睦
• 悌睦
• 惇睦
• 慈睦
• 敦睦 (dūnmù)
• 敦親睦鄰 / 敦亲睦邻
• 朱陳之睦 / 朱陈之睦
• 柔睦
• 歡睦 / 欢睦
• 潘楊之睦 / 潘杨之睦
• 睦劇 / 睦剧
• 睦友
• 睦孰
• 睦崇
• 睦忍
• 睦愛 / 睦爱
• 睦族
• 睦睦
• 睦親 / 睦亲
• 睦誼 / 睦谊
• 睦鄰 / 睦邻 (mùlín)
• 睦雍
• 篤睦 / 笃睦
• 緝睦 / 缉睦
• 肅睦 / 肃睦
• 脩睦
• 褒睦
• 親睦 / 亲睦 (qīnmù)
• 講信修睦 / 讲信修睦
• 貴睦 / 贵睦
• 輯睦 / 辑睦 (jímù)
• 還睦 / 还睦
• 邕睦
• 鄰睦 / 邻睦
• 雍睦
• 顧睦 / 顾睦

 

References

• 莆田市荔城区档案馆 [Putian City Licheng District Archives], editor (2022), “睦”, in 莆仙方言文读字汇 [Puxian Dialect Literary Reading Dictionary] (overall work in Mandarin and Puxian Min), page 161.

Japanese

Kanji

睦

(Jōyō kanji)

1. harmony

Readings

• Go-on: もく (moku)
• Kan-on: ぼく (boku, Jōyō)
• Kun: むつまじい (mutsumajii, 睦まじい)、むつぶ (mutsubu, 睦ぶ)、むつむ (mutsumu, 睦む)
• Nanori: むつ (mutsu)

Etymology 1

Kanji in this term
睦
むつ Grade: S
kun'yomi

No longer productive in Old Japanese. Only found in lexicalised forms, some of which are listed below.

Pronunciation

• IPA^(key): [mɯ̟t͡sɨ]

Affix

睦(むつ) • (mutsu) 

1. in good relations

Derived terms

• 睦言(むつごと) (mutsugoto)
• 睦魂(むつたま) (mutsutama)
• 睦(むつ)ぶ (mutsubu, archaic)
• 睦(むつ)む (mutsumu)
• 睦(むつ)まじい (mutsumajii)
• 睦(むつ)まやか (mutsumayaka)
• 睦(むつ)る (mutsuru, archaic)
• 皇睦(すめむつ) (sumemutsu, archaic)

Etymology 2

Kanji in this term
睦
むつ(き) Grade: S
kun'yomi

Proper noun

睦(むつき) • (Mutsuki) 

1. a male given name

Korean

Hanja

睦 (eumhun 화목할 목 (hwamokhal mok))

1. hanja form^? of 목 (“friendly, amiable, peaceful”)

Vietnamese

Han character

睦: Hán Việt readings: mục
睦: Nôm readings: mục

1. chữ Hán form of mục (“harmony”).
2. chữ Hán form of Mục (“a surname”).