湧

See also: 涌

湧 U+6E67, 湧 CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6E67 ← 湦 [U+6E66] CJK Unified Ideographs 湨 → [U+6E68]

Translingual

Han character

湧 (Kangxi radical 85, 水+9, 12 strokes, cangjie input 水弓月尸 (ENBS), four-corner 3712₇, composition ⿰氵勇)

1. well up
2. gush forth
3. rise

References

• Kangxi Dictionary: page 638, character 5
• Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 17862
• Dae Jaweon: page 1044, character 26
• Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 1691, character 5
• Unihan data for U+6E67

Chinese

trad.		湧/涌*
simp.		涌*
alternative forms		悀 愑

Glyph origin

Phono-semantic compound (形聲 / 形声) : semantic 水 (“water”) + phonetic 勇 (OC *loŋʔ)

Pronunciation

• Mandarin

  (Pinyin): yǒng (yong³)

  (Zhuyin): ㄩㄥˇ

• Cantonese (Jyutping): jung² / jung⁵
• Hakka (Sixian, PFS): yúng
• Southern Min

  (Hokkien, POJ): éng / ióng

  (Teochew, Peng'im): iong³ / êng²

• Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): ⁵ion

---

• Mandarin
  • (Standard Chinese)⁺
    • Hanyu Pinyin: yǒng
    • Zhuyin: ㄩㄥˇ
    • Tongyong Pinyin: yǒng
    • Wade–Giles: yung³
    • Yale: yǔng
    • Gwoyeu Romatzyh: yeong
    • Palladius: юн (jun)
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ²¹⁴/
• Cantonese
  • (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)
    • Jyutping: jung² / jung⁵
    • Yale: yúng / yúhng
    • Cantonese Pinyin: jung² / jung⁵
    • Guangdong Romanization: yung² / yung⁵
    • Sinological IPA ^(key): /jʊŋ³⁵/, /jʊŋ¹³/
• Hakka
  • (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
    • Hakka Romanization System: iung^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
    • Sinological IPA: /i̯uŋ³¹/
  • (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
    • Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: yúng
    • Hakka Romanization System: (r)iung^ˋ
    • Hagfa Pinyim: yung³
    • Sinological IPA: /(j)i̯uŋ³¹/
• Southern Min
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: éng
    • Tâi-lô: íng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: eang
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɪŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɪŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɪŋ⁴¹/
  • (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen, Zhangzhou)
    • Pe̍h-ōe-jī: ióng
    • Tâi-lô: ióng
    • Phofsit Daibuun: iorng
    • IPA (Quanzhou): /iɔŋ⁵⁵⁴/
    • IPA (Taipei, Xiamen, Zhangzhou): /iɔŋ⁵³/
    • IPA (Kaohsiung): /iɔŋ⁴¹/

Note:

• éng - vernacular;
• ióng - literary.

• (Teochew)
  • Peng'im: iong³ / êng²
  • Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: iòng / éng
  • Sinological IPA ^(key): /ioŋ²¹³/, /eŋ⁵²/

Note: êng2 - dialectal usage, “wave” (in 大湧, 風湧).

• Wu
  • (Northern: Shanghai)
    • Wugniu: ⁵ion
    • MiniDict: ion^去
    • Wiktionary Romanisation (Shanghai): ²ion
    • Sinological IPA (Shanghai): /ioŋ³⁴/

---

• Middle Chinese: yowngX

Rime
Character	湧
Reading #	1/1
Initial (聲)	以 (36)
Final (韻)	鍾 (7)
Tone (調)	Rising (X)
Openness (開合)	Open
Division (等)	III
Fanqie	余隴切
Baxter	yowngX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang Shangfang	/jɨoŋX/
Pan Wuyun	/jioŋX/
Shao Rongfen	/ioŋX/
Edwin Pulleyblank	/juawŋX/
Li Rong	/ioŋX/
Wang Li	/jĭwoŋX/
Bernhard Karlgren	/i̯woŋX/
Expected Mandarin Reflex	yǒng
Expected Cantonese Reflex	jung5

Definitions

湧

1. (of water) to spring up from below
2. to rush out like water; to gush

   一大群人湧了出來 [MSC, trad.]
   一大群人涌了出来 [MSC, simp.]

   yī dà qún rén yǒng le chūlái [Pinyin]

   a crowd of people gushed out

3. (Southern Min) wave

   海湧／海涌 [Hokkien]  ―  hái-éng [Pe̍h-ōe-jī]  ―  sea wave

Synonyms

Dialectal synonyms of 浪 (“wave”) [map]

Variety	Location	Words edit
Classical Chinese		瀾, 浪
Formal (Written Standard Chinese)		浪
Northeastern Mandarin	Taiwan	浪
	Singapore	浪
Central Plains Mandarin	Luoyang	浪頭
Lanyin Mandarin	Yinchuan	浪
Southwestern Mandarin	Chengdu	浪子
Cantonese	Hong Kong	浪
Gan	Nanchang	浪
Huizhou	Jixi	浪頭
Eastern Min	Fuzhou	浪
Southern Min	Xiamen	湧
	Quanzhou	湧
	Zhangzhou	湧
	Tainan	湧
	Jieyang	湧
	Leizhou	湧
	Haikou	湧
Wu	Shanghai	浪頭, 波浪
	Shanghai (Chongming)	浪頭
	Ningbo	浪頭, 浪

Compounds

• 思如泉湧 / 思如泉涌
• 思如湧泉 / 思如涌泉
• 思若湧泉 / 思若涌泉
• 操瓶湧泉 / 操瓶涌泉
• 文思泉湧 / 文思泉涌
• 暗潮洶湧 / 暗潮汹涌
• 氣湧如山 / 气涌如山
• 泉湧 / 泉涌
• 波濤洶湧 / 波涛汹涌 (bōtāoxiōngyǒng)
• 洶湧 / 汹涌 (xiōngyǒng)
• 洶湧澎湃 / 汹涌澎湃
• 淚如泉湧 / 泪如泉涌 (lèirúquányǒng)
• 湧入 / 涌入 (yǒngrù)
• 湧出 / 涌出 (yǒngchū)
• 湧升流
• 湧泉 / 涌泉
• 湧潮 / 涌潮 (yǒngcháo)
• 湧現 / 涌现 (yǒngxiàn)
• 湧進 / 涌进
• 潮湧 / 潮涌 (cháoyǒng)
• 痟狗湧 / 痟狗涌 (siáu-káu-éng) (Min Nan)
• 翻湧 / 翻涌 (fānyǒng)
• 蜂湧 / 蜂涌
• 蜂湧而出 / 蜂涌而出
• 謀如湧泉 / 谋如涌泉
• 鋪霜湧雪 / 铺霜涌雪 (pūshuāngyǒngxuě)
• 風起潮湧 / 风起潮涌
• 風起雲湧 / 风起云涌
• 風靡雲湧 / 风靡云涌

 

References

• “湧”, in 漢語多功能字庫 (Multi-function Chinese Character Database)‎^[1], 香港中文大學 (the Chinese University of Hong Kong), 2014–

Japanese

Shinjitai	湧
Kyūjitai	湧󠄂 湧+󠄂? (Hanyo-Denshi) (Moji_Joho)
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Kanji

湧

(Jōyō kanji)

1. (of water) to spring up from below

   Synonym: 涌

Readings

• Go-on: ゆう (yū, Jōyō)
• Kan-on: よう (yō)
• Kun: わく (waku, 湧く, Jōyō)、わかす (wakasu, 湧かす)、わき (waki, 湧き)
• Nanori: わか (waka)、わき (waki)、わく (waku)

Korean

Hanja

湧 (eum 용 (yong))

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Vietnamese

Han character

湧: Hán Nôm readings: rụng, dộng, dũng

1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.