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比

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 此 and 北
比 U+6BD4, 比
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-6BD4
← 毓
[U+6BD3] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 毕 →
[U+6BD5]
⽐ U+2F50, ⽐
KANGXI RADICAL COMPARE
← ⽏
[U+2F4F] 		Kangxi Radicals ⽑ →
[U+2F51]

Translingual

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Stroke order
4 strokes
Stroke order

Han character

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See images of
Radical 81 比

比 (Kangxi radical 81, 比+0, 4 strokes, cangjie input 心心 (PP), four-corner 21710, composition ⿰⿺𠄌一匕(GHT) or ⿻𠃏⿰一一(GHT) or ⿰⿱⺊㇀匕(JKV))

  1. Kangxi radical #81, ⽐.

Derived characters

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Descendants

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 590, character 9
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 16743
  • Dae Jaweon: page 982, character 4
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 2, page 1415, character 8
  • Unihan data for U+6BD4

Chinese

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trad. 比
simp. # 比
alternative forms 夶 ancient

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 比
Shang Western Zhou Warring States Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Oracle bone script Bronze inscriptions Chu slip and silk script Ancient script Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (比) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
梐 *piː, *biːʔ
狴 *piː
悂 *piː, *pʰi
螕 *piː
鎞 *piː
蓖 *piː
篦 *piː, *bis
批 *pʰiː
砒 *pʰiː
鈚 *pʰiː, *bi
磇 *pʰiː
媲 *pʰiːs
笓 *biː
膍 *biː, *bi
陛 *biːʔ
仳 *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *bi, *briʔ
吡 *pʰeʔ, *piʔ, *biɡ
紕 *be, *pʰi, *kʰjɯʔ
比 *piʔ, *pis, *bi, *bis, *biɡ
妣 *piʔ, *pis
秕 *piʔ
沘 *piʔ, *bi
枇 *piʔ, *bi, *bis
粊 *pris
庇 *pis
屁 *pʰis
琵 *bi
毗 *bi
貔 *bi
豼 *bi
蚍 *bi
芘 *bi, *bis
肶 *bi
魮 *bi
阰 *bi
坒 *bis, *biɡ
玭 *bin

Ideogrammic compound (會意 / 会意) : 人 (“man”) + 人 – to juxtapose. Similar but unrelated to 从, 尼, 化 and 北.

Etymology

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Perhaps from a Proto-Sino-Tibetan *phi-r/n/s (“late, behind, after, outside”) (STEDT root #5883). Cognate with 頻 (OC *bin, “several in succession”); outside of Sinitic, compare Proto-Naga *pʰaːy (“after”), as well as possibly Burmese ပြင် (prang, “outside”).

Pronunciation 1

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  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 比
Mandarin Beijing /pi²¹⁴/
Harbin /pi²¹³/
/pʰi²¹³/
Tianjin /pi¹³/
Jinan /pi⁵⁵/
Qingdao /pi⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /pi⁵³/
Xi'an /pi⁵³/
Xining /pji⁵³/
Yinchuan /pi⁵³/
Lanzhou /pi⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /pi⁵¹/
Wuhan /pi⁴²/
Chengdu /pi⁵³/
Guiyang /pi⁴²/
Kunming /pi⁵³/
Nanjing /pi²¹²/
Hefei /pz̩²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /pi⁵³/
Pingyao /pi⁵³/
Hohhot /pi⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /pi³⁵/
Suzhou /pi⁵¹/
Hangzhou /pi⁵³/
Wenzhou /pei³⁵/
Hui Shexian /pi³⁵/
Tunxi /pi³¹/
Xiang Changsha /pi⁴¹/
Xiangtan /pi⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /pi²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /pi³¹/
Taoyuan /pi³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /pei³⁵/
Nanning /pi³⁵/
Hong Kong /pei³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /pi⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /pi³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /pi²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /pi⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /ʔbi²¹³/
Rime
Character 比
Reading # 2/5
Initial (聲) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 卑履切
Baxter pjijX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/piɪX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/piX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/pjɪX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/piX/
Li
Rong 		/piX/
Wang
Li 		/piX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/piX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bǐ
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bei2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 比
Reading # 1/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bǐ
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjijX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*C.pijʔ/
English compare

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 比
Reading # 1/5
No. 511
Phonetic
component 		比
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		匕
Old
Chinese 		/*piʔ/

Definitions

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比

  1. to compare; to contrast; to have a contest
    相比  ―  xiàngbǐ  ―  to compare
    比武  ―  bǐwǔ  ―  contest in martial arts skill
    別拿我跟別人比。 [MSC, trad.]
    别拿我跟别人比。 [MSC, simp.]
    Bié ná wǒ gēn biérén bǐ. [Pinyin]
    Don't compare me to others.
    我們倆比一比，看誰跑得快！ [MSC, trad.]
    我们俩比一比，看谁跑得快！ [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen liǎ bǐ yī bǐ, kàn shéi pǎo de kuài! [Pinyin]
    We shall have a race to see who runs faster!
    比上不足，比下有餘 [MSC, trad.]
    比上不足，比下有余 [MSC, simp.]
    bǐ shàng bùzú, bǐ xià yǒu yú [Pinyin]
    to fall short of the best but be better than the worst
  2. to liken; to draw an analogy to
    我們常把人生比作馬拉松。 [MSC, trad.]
    我们常把人生比作马拉松。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒmen cháng bǎ rénshēng bǐzuò mǎlāsōng. [Pinyin]
    We always liken life to a marathon race.
  3. to emulate; to copy; to imitate
  4. to match; to be equal
    比得上  ―  bǐdéshàng  ―  to compare favourably with
    今非昔比  ―  jīnfēixībǐ  ―  to no longer be what one was before (literally, “the present cannot compare with the past”)
  5. to be the ratio of; ... to ...
    一比三  ―  yī bǐ sān  ―  1:3
  6. indicating the score of a match
    現在幾比幾？／现在几比几？  ―  Xiànzài jǐ bǐ jǐ?  ―  What's the score now?
    甲隊以一比二敗給乙隊。 [MSC, trad.]
    甲队以一比二败给乙队。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jiǎ duì yǐ yī bǐ èr bài gěi yǐ duì. [Pinyin]
    Team 甲 lost to team 乙 by 1 to 2.
  7. to gesticulate; to gesture
    連說帶比／连说带比  ―  lián shuō dài bǐ  ―  to gesticulate as one talks
    比手畫腳／比手画脚  ―  bǐshǒuhuàjiǎo  ―  to illustrate with the help of gestures
  8. metaphor; analogy
  9. ratio; proportion
    師生比／师生比  ―  shīshēng bǐ  ―  teacher-student ratio
    性價比／性价比  ―  xìngjiàbǐ  ―  price–performance ratio
  10. than; more ... than; -er compared to
    她比我高。  ―  Tā bǐ wǒ gāo.  ―  She is taller than me.
    今年夏天比去年熱多了。 [MSC, trad.]
    今年夏天比去年热多了。 [MSC, simp.]
    Jīnnián xiàtiān bǐ qùnián rè duō le. [Pinyin]
    This summer is much hotter than the last one
    我妹妹比我小三歲。 [MSC, trad.]
    我妹妹比我小三岁。 [MSC, simp.]
    Wǒ mèimèi bǐ wǒ xiǎo sān suì. [Pinyin]
    My sister is 3 years younger than me.
  11. Used in transcription.
    莫三比克  ―  Mòsānbǐkè  ―  Mozambique
    英屬哥倫比亞／英属哥伦比亚  ―  Yīngshǔ Gēlúnbǐyà  ―  British Columbia
    比什凱克／比什凯克  ―  Bǐshénkǎikè  ―  Bishkek
    比薩／比萨  ―  bǐsà  ―  pizza
    史諾比／史诺比  ―  Shǐnuòbǐ  ―  Snoopy
    比卡超 [Cantonese]  ―  bei2 kaa1 ciu1 [Jyutping]  ―  Pikachu
    1. Short for 比利時／比利时 (Bǐlìshí, “Belgium”).
      比屬剛果／比属刚果  ―  Bǐshǔ Gāngguǒ  ―  Belgian Congo
      比荷盧／比荷卢  ―  Bǐhélú  ―  Benelux

Compounds

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Pronunciation 2

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Rime
Character 比 比
Reading # 3/5 4/5
Initial (聲) 並 (3) 幫 (1)
Final (韻) 脂 (15) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Departing (H) Departing (H)
Openness (開合) Open Open
Division (等) III III
Fanqie 毗至切 必至切
Baxter bjijH pjijH
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/biɪH/ /piɪH/
Pan
Wuyun 		/biH/ /piH/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bjɪH/ /pjɪH/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/biH/ /piH/
Li
Rong 		/biH/ /piH/
Wang
Li 		/biH/ /piH/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱiH/ /piH/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bì bì
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bei6 bei3
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 比
Reading # 2/2
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		bì
Middle
Chinese 		‹ pjijH ›
Old
Chinese 		/*pij-s/
English combine; all

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 比 比
Reading # 4/5 2/5
No. 542 521
Phonetic
component 		比 比
Rime
group 		脂 脂
Rime
subdivision 		2 2
Corresponding
MC rime 		鼻 痹
Old
Chinese 		/*bis/ /*pis/

Definitions

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比

  1. to be next to; to be near to; to stand close together; to lie next to
  2. to cling to; to collude with
  3. intimate; close; friendly
  4. dense; closely packed
  5. harmonious; melodious
  6. all; completely
  7. lately; recently
  8. frequently; repeatedly
  9. until; till
  10. eighth hexagram of the I Ching

Compounds

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Pronunciation 3

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Rime
Character 比
Reading # 1/5
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 脂 (15)
Tone (調) Level (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 房脂切
Baxter bjij
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/biɪ/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bi/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bjɪ/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bi/
Li
Rong 		/bi/
Wang
Li 		/bi/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		pí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		pei4
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 比
Reading # 3/5
No. 531
Phonetic
component 		比
Rime
group 		脂
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		𣬈
Old
Chinese 		/*bi/

Definitions

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比

  1. † Used in 比蒲 (“placename”).
  2. † Used in 皋比 (gāopí, “tiger skin”).
  3. † Used in 師比／师比 (shīpí, “ancient belt hook”).

Compounds

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Pronunciation 4

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Rime
Character 比
Reading # 5/5
Initial (聲) 並 (3)
Final (韻) 質 (48)
Tone (調) Checked (Ø)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) III
Fanqie 毗必切
Baxter bjit
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/biɪt̚/
Pan
Wuyun 		/bit̚/
Shao
Rongfen 		/bjet̚/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/bit̚/
Li
Rong 		/biĕt̚/
Wang
Li 		/bĭĕt̚/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/bʱi̯ĕt̚/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		bí
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		bat6
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 比
Reading # 5/5
No. 547
Phonetic
component 		比
Rime
group 		質
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		邲
Old
Chinese 		/*biɡ/

Definitions

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比

  1. † close; near
  2. † dense; closely packed

Pronunciation 5

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Definitions

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比

  1. † Alternative form of 庀 (pǐ, “to have; to possess”)

Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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比

  1. (Cantonese, colloquial) Alternative form of 畀

Japanese

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Kanji

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比

(Fifth grade kyōiku kanji)

Readings

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Compounds

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Compounds

Etymology 1

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Kanji in this term
比
ひ
Grade: 5
on'yomi
Alternative spelling
譬 (compare)

Noun

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比(ひ) • (hi) 

  1. a ratio
Derived terms
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Derived terms
Idioms
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Affix

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比(ひ) • (hi) 

  1. comparison, match, equal
  2. ratio
  3. Short for フィリピン (Firipin): the Philippines
Derived terms
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Derived terms

Etymology 2

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Kanji in this term
比
ころ
Grade: 5
kun'yomi
For pronunciation and definitions of 比 – see the following entry: ころ

(The following entry is uncreated: ころ.)

Korean

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Hanja

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比 (eumhun 견줄 비 (gyeonjul bi))

  1. hanja form? of 비 (“comparison”)

Vietnamese

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Han character

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比: Hán Nôm readings: tỉ, tị, tí, Bỉ

  1. chữ Hán form of tỉ (“compare”).
  2. chữ Hán form of Bỉ (“Belgium (a country in Western Europe that has borders with the Netherlands, Germany, Luxembourg and France)”).

Compounds

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