明年
Appearance
Chinese
[edit]clear; bright; to understand clear; bright; to understand; next; the Ming dynasty |
year | ||
---|---|---|---|
simp. and trad. (明年) |
明 | 年 |
Pronunciation
[edit]- Mandarin
- (Standard)
- (Chengdu, Sichuanese Pinyin): min2 nyian2
- (Dungan, Cyrillic and Wiktionary): миннян (minni͡an, I-II)
- Cantonese (Jyutping): ming4 nin4-2 / ming4 nin4
- Gan (Wiktionary): 'miang4 nyien4
- Hakka
- Jin (Wiktionary): ming1 nie1
- Northern Min (KCR): mâng-nîng
- Eastern Min (BUC): màng-nièng
- Southern Min
- Wu (Shanghai, Wugniu): 6min-gni
- Xiang
- (Changsha, Wiktionary): min2 nyienn2
- (Hengyang, Wiktionary): mai2 nien2
- Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Hanyu Pinyin:
- Zhuyin: ㄇㄧㄥˊ ㄋㄧㄢˊ
- Tongyong Pinyin: míngnián
- Wade–Giles: ming2-nien2
- Yale: míng-nyán
- Gwoyeu Romatzyh: mingnian
- Palladius: миннянь (minnjanʹ)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ³⁵ ni̯ɛn³⁵/
- (Chengdu)
- Sichuanese Pinyin: min2 nyian2
- Scuanxua Ladinxua Xin Wenz: minnian
- Sinological IPA (key): /min²¹ nʲiɛn²¹/
- (Dungan)
- Cyrillic and Wiktionary: миннян (minni͡an, I-II)
- Sinological IPA (key): /miŋ²⁴ niæ̃⁵¹/
- (Note: Dungan pronunciation is currently experimental and may be inaccurate.)
- (Standard Chinese)+
- Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Jyutping: ming4 nin4-2 / ming4 nin4
- Yale: mìhng nín / mìhng nìhn
- Cantonese Pinyin: ming4 nin4-2 / ming4 nin4
- Guangdong Romanization: ming4 nin4-2 / ming4 nin4
- Sinological IPA (key): /mɪŋ²¹ niːn²¹⁻³⁵/, /mɪŋ²¹ niːn²¹/
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou–Hong Kong)+
- Gan
- (Nanchang)
- Wiktionary: 'miang4 nyien4
- Sinological IPA (key): /ˈmiaŋ³⁵ n̠ʲiɛn³⁵/
- (Nanchang)
- Hakka
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miàng-ngièn / màng-ngièn / mìn-ngièn
- Hakka Romanization System: miangˇ ngienˇ / mangˇ ngienˇ / minˇ ngienˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: miang2 ngian2 / mang2 ngian2 / min2 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/, /maŋ¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/, /min¹¹ ŋi̯en¹¹/
- (Southern Sixian, incl. Neipu)
- Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: miàng-ngiàn / mìn-ngiàn
- Hakka Romanization System: miangˇ ngianˇ / minˇ ngianˇ
- Hagfa Pinyim: miang2 ngian2 / min2 ngian2
- Sinological IPA: /mi̯aŋ¹¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/, /min¹¹ ŋi̯an¹¹/
- (Meixian)
- (Northern Sixian, incl. Miaoli)
Note:
- miàng-ngièn/màng-ngièn - vernacular;
- mìn-ngièn - literary.
- Jin
- (Taiyuan)+
- Wiktionary: ming1 nie1
- Sinological IPA (old-style): /miŋ¹¹ nie¹¹/
- (Taiyuan)+
- Northern Min
- (Jian'ou)
- Kienning Colloquial Romanized: mâng-nîng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ³³ niŋ³³/
- (Jian'ou)
- Eastern Min
- (Fuzhou)
- Bàng-uâ-cê: màng-nièng
- Sinological IPA (key): /maŋ⁵³⁻³³ nˡieŋ⁵³/
- (Fuzhou)
- Southern Min
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Kaohsiung, Yilan, Tainan, Taichung)
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Taipei, Lukang, Sanxia, Hsinchu)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-nî
- Tâi-lô: muâ-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: moanii
- IPA (Taipei): /muã²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Quanzhou, Lukang): /muã²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, Kinmen)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bîn-nî
- Tâi-lô: bîn-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: binnii
- IPA (Quanzhou): /bin²⁴⁻²² nĩ²⁴/
- IPA (Kinmen): /bin²⁴⁻¹² nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou, Penang)
- (Hokkien: Hui'an)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: môa-lîn
- Tâi-lô: muâ-lîn
- Phofsit Daibuun: moaliin
- IPA (Hui'an): /muã²⁴⁻²² lin²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Tainan, Magong)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mî-nî
- Tâi-lô: mî-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: minii
- IPA (Tainan): /mĩ²⁴⁻³³ nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: variant in Taiwan)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: mâ-nî
- Tâi-lô: mâ-nî
- Phofsit Daibuun: manii
- IPA (Kaohsiung): /mã²³⁻³³ nĩ²³/
- IPA (Taipei): /mã²⁴⁻¹¹ nĩ²⁴/
- (Hokkien: Xiamen, Quanzhou, Zhangzhou)
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī: bêng-liân
- Tâi-lô: bîng-liân
- Phofsit Daibuun: benglieen
- IPA (Xiamen, Quanzhou): /biɪŋ²⁴⁻²² liɛn²⁴/
- IPA (Zhangzhou): /biɪŋ¹³⁻²² liɛn¹³/
- (Teochew)
- Peng'im: mê5 ni5
- Pe̍h-ōe-jī-like: mê nî
- Sinological IPA (key): /me⁵⁵⁻¹¹ ni⁵⁵/
- Wu
- Xiang
- (Changsha)
- Wiktionary: min2 nyienn2
- Sinological IPA (key): /min¹³ n̠ʲi̯ẽ¹³/
- (Hengyang)
- Wiktionary: mai2 nien2
- Sinological IPA (key): /mai̯¹¹ n̠ʲi̯ɛn¹¹/
- (Changsha)
- Middle Chinese: mjaeng nen
- Old Chinese
- (Baxter–Sagart): /*mraŋ C.nˤi[ŋ]/
- (Zhengzhang): /*mraŋ niːŋ/
Noun
[edit]明年
Synonyms
[edit]Dialectal synonyms of 明年 (“next year”) [map]
- (the second year): 翌年 (yìnián)
Further reading
[edit]- “Entry #4227”, in 教育部臺灣台語常用詞辭典 [Dictionary of Frequently-Used Taiwanese Taigi] (overall work in Mandarin and Hokkien), Ministry of Education, R.O.C., 2024.
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