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斬

From Wiktionary, the free dictionary
See also: 斩 and 䡊
斬 U+65AC, 斬
CJK UNIFIED IDEOGRAPH-65AC
← 斫
[U+65AB] 		CJK Unified Ideographs 断 →
[U+65AD]

Translingual

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Han character

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斬 (Kangxi radical 69, 斤+7, 11 strokes, cangjie input 十十竹一中 (JJHML), four-corner 52021, composition ⿰車斤)

Derived characters

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References

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  • Kangxi Dictionary: page 479, character 18
  • Dai Kanwa Jiten: character 13555
  • Dae Jaweon: page 838, character 16
  • Hanyu Da Zidian (first edition): volume 3, page 2024, character 10
  • Unihan data for U+65AC

Chinese

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trad. 斬
simp. 斩

Glyph origin

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Historical forms of the character 斬
Shuowen Jiezi (compiled in Han) Liushutong (compiled in Ming)
Small seal script Transcribed ancient scripts
Characters in the same phonetic series (斬) (Zhengzhang, 2003) 
Old Chinese
慚 *zaːm
慙 *zaːm
鏨 *zaːm, *zaːmʔ, *zaːms, *zeːm, *zamʔ
槧 *zaːmʔ, *sʰam, *sʰams, *zamʔ
暫 *zaːms
蹔 *zaːms
斬 *ʔsreːmʔ
獑 *zeːm, *zaːm
嶃 *zreːmʔ, *zaːm
覱 *ʔsraːms
摲 *sʰraːms
漸 *ʔsam, *zamʔ
塹 *sʰams
壍 *sʰams
嬱 *sʰams
螹 *zam, *zamʔ
蔪 *zamʔ

Etymology 1

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Pronunciation

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Note:
  • chám - literary;
  • cháⁿ - vernacular.
  • Dialectal data
Variety Location 斬
Mandarin Beijing /ʈ͡ʂan²¹⁴/
Harbin /ʈ͡ʂan²¹³/
Tianjin /t͡san¹³/
Jinan /ʈ͡ʂã⁵⁵/
Qingdao /t͡sã⁵⁵/
Zhengzhou /ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
Xi'an /t͡sã⁵³/
Xining /t͡sã⁵³/
Yinchuan /ʈ͡ʂan⁵³/
Lanzhou /ʈ͡ʂɛ̃n⁴⁴²/
Ürümqi /t͡san⁵¹/
Wuhan /t͡san⁴²/
Chengdu /t͡san⁵³/
Guiyang /t͡san⁴²/
Kunming /ʈ͡ʂã̠⁵³³¹/
Nanjing /ʈ͡ʂaŋ²¹²/
Hefei /ʈ͡ʂæ̃²⁴/
Jin Taiyuan /t͡sæ̃⁵³/
Pingyao /t͡sɑŋ⁵³/
/t͡sɑ⁵³/
Hohhot /t͡sæ̃⁵³/
Wu Shanghai /t͡se³⁵/
Suzhou /t͡se̞⁵¹/
Hangzhou /t͡sẽ̞⁵³/
Wenzhou /t͡sa³⁵/
Hui Shexian /t͡sɛ³⁵/
Tunxi /t͡sɔ³¹/
Xiang Changsha /t͡san⁴¹/
Xiangtan /t͡san⁴²/
Gan Nanchang /t͡san²¹³/
Hakka Meixian /t͡sam³¹/
Taoyuan /t͡sɑm³¹/
Cantonese Guangzhou /t͡sam³⁵/
Nanning /t͡sɛm³⁵/
/t͡sam³⁵/
Hong Kong /t͡sam³⁵/
Min Xiamen (Hokkien) /t͡sam⁵³/
Fuzhou (Eastern Min) /t͡saŋ³²/
Jian'ou (Northern Min) /t͡saŋ²¹/
Shantou (Teochew) /t͡sʰam⁵³/
Haikou (Hainanese) /tam²¹³/
Rime
Character 斬
Reading # 1/1
Initial (聲) 莊 (18)
Final (韻) 咸 (151)
Tone (調) Rising (X)
Openness (開合) Open
Division (等) II
Fanqie 側減切
Baxter tsreamX
Reconstructions
Zhengzhang
Shangfang 		/t͡ʃˠɛmX/
Pan
Wuyun 		/ʈ͡ʂᵚæmX/
Shao
Rongfen 		/t͡ʃɐmX/
Edwin
Pulleyblank 		/ʈ͡ʂəɨmX/
Li
Rong 		/t͡ʃɐmX/
Wang
Li 		/t͡ʃɐmX/
Bernhard
Karlgren 		/ʈ͡ʂămX/
Expected
Mandarin
Reflex 		zhǎn
Expected
Cantonese
Reflex 		zaam2
Baxter–Sagart system 1.1 (2014)
Character 斬
Reading # 1/1
Modern
Beijing
(Pinyin) 		zhǎn
Middle
Chinese 		‹ tsrɛmX ›
Old
Chinese 		/*[ts]ramʔ/
English cut off

Notes for Old Chinese notations in the Baxter–Sagart system:

* Parentheses "()" indicate uncertain presence;
* Square brackets "[]" indicate uncertain identity, e.g. *[t] as coda may in fact be *-t or *-p;
* Angle brackets "<>" indicate infix;
* Hyphen "-" indicates morpheme boundary;

* Period "." indicates syllable boundary.
Zhengzhang system (2003)
Character 斬
Reading # 1/1
No. 16796
Phonetic
component 		斬
Rime
group 		談
Rime
subdivision 		2
Corresponding
MC rime 		斬
Old
Chinese 		/*ʔsreːmʔ/

Definitions

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斬

  1. to cut; to hack; to chop (with a large blade, forcefully)
    斬叉燒、斬雞 [Cantonese, trad.]
    斩叉烧、斩鸡 [Cantonese, simp.]
    zaam2 caa1 siu1, zaam2 gai1 [Jyutping]
    to cut char siu; to cut chicken
    斬樹／斩树 [Cantonese]  ―  zaam2 syu6 [Jyutping]  ―  to fell a tree
    斬死人／斩死人 [Cantonese]  ―  zaam2 sei2 jan4 [Jyutping]  ―  to hack a person to death
  2. to behead (as punishment); to chop the waist
  3. a surname: Zhan
Synonyms
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  • (to cut):
Dialectal synonyms of 砍 (“to chop; to hack”) [map]
Variety Location Words
Formal (Written Standard Chinese) 砍
Northeastern Mandarin Beijing 砍
Taiwan 砍
Singapore 砍, 斬
Jilu Mandarin Jinan 砍
Central Plains Mandarin Xi'an 砍
Southwestern Mandarin Chengdu 砍
Wuhan 砍, 剁
Guilin 砍
Jianghuai Mandarin Yangzhou 砍, 㓠
Hefei 砍
Cantonese Guangzhou 斬
Hong Kong 斬
Yangjiang 并
Beihai 斬
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cô Tô) 斬
Beihai (Qiaogang - Cát Bà) 斬
Fangchenggang (Fangcheng) 斬
Kuala Lumpur (Guangfu) 斬
Singapore (Guangfu) 斬
Ho Chi Minh City (Guangfu) 斬
Móng Cái 斬
Gan Nanchang 砍, 剁
Hakka Meixian 斬, 砍
Jin Taiyuan 砍
Northern Min Jian'ou 砍, 斫
Eastern Min Fuzhou 剉, 鍘
Southern Min Xiamen 鏨, 砍, 斲, 刜
Quanzhou 鏨, 斲
Zhangzhou 鏨, 斲, 刜
Taipei 鏨
New Taipei (Sanxia) 鏨
Kaohsiung 鏨
Yilan 鏨
Changhua (Lukang) 鏨
Taichung 鏨, 斲
Tainan 鏨
Hsinchu 鏨, 斲
Kinmen 鏨
Penghu (Magong) 鏨
Penang (Hokkien) 鏨
Singapore (Hokkien) 斲, 斬
Manila (Hokkien) 鏨
Chaozhou 斬, 斲
Shantou 斬
Jieyang 斬, 斲
Singapore (Teochew) 斲
Pontianak (Teochew) 斬
Wu Suzhou 㔍
Wenzhou 剉, 剁
Xiang Changsha 砍, 剁
Shuangfeng 剁, 砍

Compounds

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Descendants

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Sino-Xenic (斬):
  • → Vietnamese: trảm (斬)

Others:

References

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Etymology 2

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Pronunciation

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Definitions

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斬

  1. (Hokkien) Alternative form of 鏨 / 錾

Japanese

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Kanji

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斬

(Jōyō kanji)

  1. beheading
  2. kill, murder
  3. cut
  4. slay, slaying

Readings

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  • Go-on: せん (sen)
  • Kan-on: さん (san)
  • Kan’yō-on: ざん (zan, Jōyō)
  • Kun: きる (kiru, 斬る, Jōyō)

Korean

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Hanja

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斬 • (cham) (hangeul 참, revised cham, McCune–Reischauer ch'am, Yale cham)

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.

Vietnamese

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Han character

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斬: Hán Nôm readings: trảm, chém

  1. This term needs a translation to English. Please help out and add a translation, then remove the text {{rfdef}}.
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